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Federal President Of Germany
The president of Germany, officially titled the Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany (),The official title within Germany is ', with ' being added in international correspondence; the official English title is President of the Federal Republic of Germany is the head of state of Germany. The current officeholder is Frank-Walter Steinmeier who was 2017 German presidential election, elected on 12 February 2017 and 2022 German presidential election, re-elected on 13 February 2022. He is currently serving his second five-year-term, which began on 19 March 2022. Under the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, 1949 constitution (Basic Law) Germany has a parliamentary system of government in which the Chancellor of Germany, chancellor (similar to a prime minister or minister-president in other parliamentary democracies) is the head of government. The president has a ceremonial role as figurehead, but also has the right and duty to act politically. They can give ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidential Standard
The presidential standard or presidential flag is the flag that is used in many countries as a symbol of the head of state or president (government title), president. In some countries it may be for exclusive use of the president or only raised where the president is present. An equivalent in a monarchy is a Heraldic flag#Heraldic standard, royal standard, and in an empire, an imperial standard. List *Flag of Abkhazia#Republic of Abkhazia, Presidential standard of Abkhazia *Flag of Albania#Presidential flag, Presidential standard of Albania *Flag of Algeria, Presidential standard of Algeria *Flag of Angola#Gallery, Presidential standard of Angola *List of Argentine flags#Presidential standards, Presidential standard of Argentina *List of Armenian flags#President's flag, Presidential standard of Armenia *List of Austrian flags#Standards, Presidential standard of Austria *Presidential standard of Azerbaijan *List of Bangladeshi flags#Government flags, Presidential standard of Bang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliamentary System
A parliamentary system, or parliamentary democracy, is a form of government where the head of government (chief executive) derives their Election, democratic legitimacy from their ability to command the support ("confidence") of a majority of the legislature, to which they are held accountable. This head of government is usually, but not always, distinct from a ceremonial head of state. This is in contrast to a presidential system, which features a president who is not fully accountable to the legislature, and cannot be replaced by a simple majority vote. Countries with parliamentary systems may be Constitutional monarchy, constitutional monarchies, where a monarch is the head of state while the head of government is almost always a member of parliament, or Parliamentary republic, parliamentary republics, where a mostly ceremonial president is the head of state while the head of government is from the legislature. In a few countries, the head of government is also head of state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1949 West German Presidential Election
An indirect presidential election (officially the 1st Federal Convention) was held on 12 September 1949, following the first Bundestag election of 14 August 1949 and coalition negotiations between the CDU/CSU, FDP, and German Party (DP). The FDP leader Theodor Heuss was elected the first federal president of West Germany with the support of the CDU/ CSU. He was elected by the Federal Convention (composed of all members of the Bundestag and an equal number of delegates selected by the state legislatures). Background Under the 1949 Basic Law, the new office of the Federal President was given substantially reduced powers when compared with the preceding office of Reich President, which was subject to the abuse of emergency powers under Nazi Germany. This was the first German presidential election in post-war Germany and the second indirect election since 1919 that elected Social Democrat Friedrich Ebert as Germany's first President. Results Heuss assumed a larg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joachim Gauck
Joachim Wilhelm Gauck (; born 24 January 1940) is a German politician who served as President of Germany from 2012 to 2017. A former Lutheran pastor, he came to prominence as an anti-communist civil rights activist in East Germany. During the Peaceful Revolution in 1989, Gauck was a of the New Forum opposition movement in East Germany, which contributed to the downfall of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) and later with two other movements formed the electoral list Alliance 90, . In 1990, he was a member of the only freely elected East German People's Chamber in the Alliance 90/The Greens, / faction. Following German reunification, he was elected as a member of the Bundestag by the People's Chamber in 1990 but resigned after a single day having been chosen by the Bundestag to be the first Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records. This made him the Bundestag member with the shortest tenure. He also served as Federal Commissioner from 1990 to 2000, earning recognition a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustav Heinemann
Gustav Walter Heinemann (; 23 July 1899 – 7 July 1976) was a German politician who was President of West Germany from 1969 to 1974. He served as mayor of Essen from 1946 to 1949, West German Minister of the Interior from 1949 to 1950, and Minister of Justice from 1966 to 1969. Early years and professional career Heinemann was named after his mother's father, a master roof tiler in Barmen, with radical-democratic, left-liberal, and patriotic views. His maternal grandfather, Heinemann's great-grandfather, had taken part in the Revolution of 1848. His father, Otto Heinemann, a manager at the Krupp steelworks in Essen, shared his father-in-law's views. In his youth, Gustav already felt called upon to preserve and promote the liberal and democratic traditions of 1848. Throughout his life, he fought against all kinds of subservience. This attitude helped him to maintain his intellectual independence even in the face of majorities in political parties and in the Church. Having finis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plurality (voting)
A plurality vote (in North American English) or relative majority (in British English) describes the circumstance when a party, candidate, or proposition polls more votes than any other but does not receive more than half of all votes cast. For example, if from 100 votes that were cast, 45 were for ''candidate A'', 30 were for ''candidate B'' and 25 were for ''candidate C'', then ''candidate A'' received a plurality of votes but not a majority. In some election contests, the winning candidate or proposition may need only a plurality, depending on the rules of the organization holding the vote. Versus majority In international institutional law, a ''simple majority'' (also a ''plurality'') is the largest number of votes cast (disregarding abstentions) ''among'' alternatives, always true when only two are in the competition. In some circles, a majority means more than half of the total including abstentions. However, in many jurisdictions, a simple majority is defined as more vo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horst Köhler
Horst Köhler (; 22 February 1943 – 1 February 2025) was a German politician who served as President of Germany from 2004 to 2010. As the candidate of the two Christian Democratic sister parties, the Christian Democratic Union of Germany, CDU (of which he was a member) and the Christian Social Union of Bavaria, CSU, as well as the liberal Free Democratic Party (Germany), FDP, Köhler was 2004 German presidential election, elected to his first five-year term by the Federal Convention (Germany), Federal Convention on 23 May 2004 and was subsequently inaugurated on 1 July 2004. He was 2009 German presidential election, reelected to a second term on 23 May 2009. Just a year later, on 31 May 2010, he resigned from his office in a controversy over a comment on the role of the Bundeswehr, German Armed Forces in light of a visit to the troops in Afghanistan. During his tenure as president, whose office is mostly concerned with ceremonial matters, Köhler was a highly popular politician, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of The Bundestag
The president of the Bundestag ( or ; Grammatical gender in German#Professions, when the office is held by a man) presides over the sessions of the Bundestag, the federal parliament of Germany, with functions similar to that of a speaker (politics), speaker in other countries. In the German order of precedence, the office is ranked second after the President of Germany, president and before the Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic), chancellor. The current office-holder is Julia Klöckner (Christian Democratic Union of Germany, CDU), who was elected during the first session of the 21st Bundestag on 25 March 2025. Election and customs The president of the Bundestag is elected during the constituent session of each election period after the Elections in Germany, federal elections or in a later session, if the office has fallen vacant, by all members of the Bundestag. The president has to be a member of the Bundestag. Until the election of the president, the session is chair ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
States Of Germany
The Federal Republic of Germany is a federation and consists of sixteen partly sovereign ''states''. Of the sixteen states, thirteen are so-called area-states ('Flächenländer'); in these, below the level of the state government, there is a division into local authorities (counties and county-level cities) that have their own administration. Two states, Berlin and Hamburg, are city-states, in which there is no separation between state government and local administration. The state of Bremen (state), Bremen is a special case: the state consists of the cities of Bremen (city), Bremen, for which the state government also serves as the municipal administration, and Bremerhaven, which has its own local administration separate from the state government. It is therefore a mixture of a city-state and an area-state. Three states, Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia, use the appellation ("free state"); this title is merely stylistic and carries no legal or political significance (similar t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Parliament (Germany)
In the federal system of the Federal Republic of Germany, the state parliaments embody the legislative power in the sixteen states. In thirteen of the sixteen German states, the state parliament is known as the ''Landtag'' (an old German term that roughly means state parliament). In the states Bremen (state), Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and Hamburg, Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, the state parliament is called ''Bürgerschaft'' (Citizenry), in Berlin it is called ''Abgeordnetenhaus'' (House of Representatives). Constitutional functions and powers As the German constitution (Basic Law) defines the Federal Republic of Germany as a federation, the states retain a limited degree of sovereignty. The Basic Law gives the states a broad discretion to determine their respective state structure in their state constitutions, only stating that each German state has to be a social and democratic republic under the rule of law and that the people in every state must have an elected repre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bundestag
The Bundestag (, "Federal Diet (assembly), Diet") is the lower house of the Germany, German Federalism in Germany, federal parliament. It is the only constitutional body of the federation directly elected by the German people. The Bundestag was established by Title III of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany () in 1949 as one of the legislative bodies of Germany, the other being the German Bundesrat, Bundesrat. It is thus the historical successor to the earlier Reichstag (Weimar Republic), Reichstag. The members of the Bundestag are representatives of the German people as a whole, are not bound by any orders or instructions and are only accountable to their conscience. As of the current 21st Bundestag, 21st legislative period, the Bundestag has a fixed number of 630 members. The Bundestag is elected every four years by German citizens aged 18 and older. Elections use a mixed-member proportional representation system which combines First-past-the-post voting for co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reserve Power
In a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of government, a reserve power, also known as discretionary power, is a power that may be exercised by the head of state (or their representative) without the approval of another branch or part of the government. Unlike in a presidential system of government, the head of state (or their representative) is generally constrained by the cabinet or the legislature in a parliamentary system, and most reserve powers are usable only in certain limited circumstances. Constitutional monarchies In monarchies with either an uncodified or partly unwritten constitution (such as the United Kingdom or Canada) or a wholly written constitution that consists of a text augmented by additional conventions, traditions, letters patent, etc., the monarch generally possesses reserve powers. Typically these powers are: to grant pardon; to dismiss a prime minister; to refuse to dissolve parliament; and to refuse or delay royal assent to legislation (to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
