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Federal Communications Commission V. Pacifica Foundation
''Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica Foundation'', 438 U.S. 726 (1978), was a List of landmark court decisions in the United States, landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court that upheld the ability of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to regulate United States obscenity law, indecent content sent over the Broadcasting, broadcast airwaves.''FCC v. Pacifica Foundation''438 U.S. 726(S. Ct., 1978). Background On the afternoon of October 30, 1973, radio station WBAI in New York City, owned by the nonprofit Pacifica Foundation, aired a program about societal attitudes toward language and included the monologue "Seven Dirty Words, Seven Words You Can Never Say on Television" by comedian George Carlin, from his 1972 album ''Class Clown''. The broadcast included Carlin's recitation of the words "shit", "piss", "fuck", "cunt", "cocksucker", "motherfucker", and "tits".John Douglas, an active member of Morality in Media, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Certiorari
In law, ''certiorari'' is a court process to seek judicial review of a decision of a lower court or government agency. ''Certiorari'' comes from the name of a prerogative writ in England, issued by a superior court to direct that the record of the lower court be sent to the superior court for review. Derived from the English common law, ''certiorari'' is prevalent in countries using, or influenced by, the common law''.'' It has evolved in the legal system of each nation, as court decisions and statutory amendments are made. In modern law, ''certiorari'' is recognized in many jurisdictions, including England and Wales (now called a "quashing order"), Canada, India, Ireland, the Philippines and the United States. With the expansion of administrative law in the 19th and 20th centuries, the writ of ''certiorari'' has gained broader use in many countries, to review the decisions of administrative bodies as well as lower courts. Etymology The term ''certiorari'' (US English: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mort Sahl
Morton Lyon Sahl (May 11, 1927 – October 26, 2021) was a Canadian-born American comedian, actor, and social Satire, satirist, considered the first modern comedian. He pioneered a style of social satire that pokes fun at political and current event topics using improvised monologues and only a newspaper as a prop. Sahl spent his early years in Los Angeles and moved to the San Francisco Bay Area where he made his professional stage debut at the hungry i nightclub in 1953. His popularity grew quickly, and after a year at the club, he traveled the country doing shows at established nightclubs, theaters, and college campuses. In 1960 he became the first comedian to be featured in a ''Time (magazine), Time'' cover story. He appeared on various television shows, played a number of film roles, and performed a one-man show on Broadway (theatre), Broadway. Television host Steve Allen said that Sahl was "the only real political philosopher we have in modern comedy". His social satir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larry Bensky
Larry Bensky (May 1, 1937 – May 19, 2024) was an American literary and political journalist with experience in both print and broadcast media, as well as a teacher and political activist. He is known for his work with Pacifica Radio station KPFA-FM in Berkeley, California, and for the nationally-broadcast hearings he anchored for the Pacifica network. A native of New York City, Bensky graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1954 and, with departmental honors, from Yale University, where he was managing editor of the ''Yale Daily News''. Journalism career Prior to his broadcasting career (and continuing throughout), Bensky worked as a print journalist and editor. He worked at the ''Minneapolis Star-Tribune'' after college, while attending graduate school at the University of Minnesota. He then worked as an editor at Random House, before moving to France, where he was Paris editor of ''The Paris Review'' from 1964 to 1966. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Alabama Press
The University of Alabama Press is a university press founded in 1945 and is the scholarly publishing arm of the University of Alabama. An editorial board composed of representatives from all doctoral degree granting public universities within Alabama oversees the publishing program. Projects are selected that support, extend, and preserve academic research. The Press also publishes books that foster an understanding of the history and culture of this state and region. The Press strives to publish works in a wide variety of formats such as print, electronic, and on-demand technologies to ensure that the works are widely available. The University of Alabama Press publishes in a variety of subject areas, including anthropology and archeology, biography and memoir, the Civil Rights movement, fiction, food and agriculture, gender and sexuality studies, the history of medicine, Judaism and Holocaust studies, Latin American and Caribbean studies, language and linguistics, law and legal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass Media
Mass media include the diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication. Broadcast media transmit information electronically via media such as films, radio, recorded music, or television. Digital media comprises both Internet and mobile mass communication. Internet media comprise such services as email, social media sites, websites, and Internet-based radio and television. Many other mass media outlets have an additional presence on the web, by such means as linking to or running TV ads online, or distributing QR codes in outdoor or print media to direct mobile users to a website. In this way, they can use the easy accessibility and outreach capabilities the Internet affords, as thereby easily broadcast information throughout many different regions of the world simultaneously and cost-efficiently. Outdoor media transmits information via such media as augmented reality (AR) advertising; billboards; blimps; flying billboards (signs in tow of airpl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safe Harbor (law)
A safe harbor is a provision of a statute or a regulation that specifies that certain conduct will be deemed not to violate a given rule. It is usually found in connection with a more-vague, overall standard. By contrast, "''un''safe harbors" describe conduct that ''will'' be deemed to violate the rule. For example, in the context of a statute that requires drivers to "not drive recklessly", a clause specifying that "driving under 25 miles per hour will be conclusively deemed not to constitute reckless driving" is a "safe harbor". Likewise, a clause saying that "driving over 90 miles per hour will be conclusively deemed to constitute reckless driving" would be an "unsafe harbor". In this example, driving between 25 miles per hour and 90 miles per hour would fall outside of either a safe harbor or an unsafe harbor, and would thus be left to be judged according to the vague "reckless" standard. Theoretical justifications Safe harbors have been promoted by legal writers as redu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obscenity
An obscenity is any utterance or act that strongly offends the prevalent morality of the time. It is derived from the Latin , , "boding ill; disgusting; indecent", of uncertain etymology. Generally, the term can be used to indicate strong moral repugnance and outrage in expressions such as "obscene profit (accounting), profits" and "the obscenity of war". As a legal term, it usually refers to descriptions and depictions of people engaged in Human sexuality, sexual and excretory activity. United States obscenity law In the United States, issues of obscenity raise issues of limitations on the freedom of speech and of freedom of the press, the press, which are otherwise protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Federal obscenity law in the U.S. is unusual in that there is no uniform national standard. Former Justice Potter Stewart of the Supreme Court of the United States, in attempting to classify what materi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom Of Speech
Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction. The rights, right to freedom of expression has been recognised as a Human rights, human right in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international human rights law. Many countries have constitutional law that protects free speech. Terms like ''free speech'', ''freedom of speech,'' and ''freedom of expression'' are used interchangeably in political discourse. However, in a legal sense, the freedom of expression includes any activity of seeking, receiving, and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used. Article 19 of the UDHR states that "everyone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference" and "everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds, re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Interest
In social science and economics, public interest is "the welfare or well-being of the general public" and society. While it has earlier philosophical roots and is considered to be at the core of democratic theories of government, often paired with two other concepts, convenience and necessity, it first became explicitly integrated into governance instruments in the early part of the 20th century. The public interest was rapidly adopted and popularised by human rights lawyers in the 1960s and has since been incorporated into other fields such as journalism and technology. Overview Economist Lok Sang Ho, in his ''Public Policy and the Public Interest'', argues that the public interest must be assessed impartially and, therefore, defines the public interest as the "'' ex ante'' welfare of the representative individual". Under a thought experiment, by assuming that there is an equal chance for one to be anyone in society and, thus, could benefit or suffer from a change, the pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Overbreadth Doctrine
In American jurisprudence, the overbreadth doctrine is primarily concerned with facial challenges to laws under the First Amendment. Definition The overbreadth doctrine is used to find statutes that address a first amendment freedom unconstitutional when, by its plain language, the statute hinders expression.16 C.J.S. Constitutional Law § 169 Overbreadth challenges allow a third party, who was not directly harmed by the broad sweep of the statute, to challenge its constitutionality even when his or her own rights are not violated. Thus, a statute that has regulated an individual's expression as allowed by the constitution's protections (i.e. an individual's ''un''protected speech is appropriately found to have violated a statute) can nonetheless be challenged by that individual on a claim that it also applies to substantial instances of protected expression. This serves to check statutes that would cause individuals to censor their own expressions for risk of breaking the law ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Censorship
Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information. This may be done on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient". Censorship can be conducted by governments and private institutions. When an individual such as an author or other creator engages in censorship of their own works or speech, it is referred to as ''self-censorship''. General censorship occurs in a variety of different media, including speech, books, music, films, and other arts, Newspaper, the press, radio, television, and the Internet for a variety of claimed reasons including national security, to control obscenity, pornography, and hate speech, to protect children or other vulnerable groups, to promote or restrict political or religious views, and to prevent Defamation, slander and Defamation, libel. Specific rules and regulations regarding censorship vary between Legal Jurisdiction, legal jurisdictions and/or private organiza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
