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Fan Palm
Fan palm as a descriptive term can refer to any of several different kinds of Arecaceae, palms (Arecaceae) in various Genus, genera with leaves that are palmately lobed (rather than pinnately compound). Most are members of the subfamily Coryphoideae, though a few genera in subfamily Calamoideae (''Mauritia'', ''Mauritiella'' and ''Lepidocaryum'') also have palmate leaves. Fan palm genera include: * ''Bismarckia'' * ''Borassus'' * ''Coccothrinax'' * ''Copernicia'' * ''Hyphaene'' * ''Licuala'' * ''Pritchardia'' * ''Rhapidophyllum'' * ''Rhapis'' * ''Sabal'' * ''Thrinax'' * ''Trachycarpus'' * ''Trithrinax'' Fan palm can also be used as part of the common name of particular genera or species. Among the palms commonly known as fan palms are: * ''Chamaerops, Chamaerops humilis'' (European fan palm) * ''Hyphaene petersiana'' (Real fan palm) * ''Livistona'' (Chinese fan palm and others) * ''Washingtonia'' (California fan palm, Mexican fan palm) * ''Latania'' (Indian Ocean fan palms) The ...
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Pritchardia
The genus ''Pritchardia'' (family Arecaceae) consists of between 24 and 40 species of fan palms (subfamily Coryphoideae) found on tropical Pacific Ocean Pacific Islands, islands in Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Tuamotus, and most diversely in Hawaiian Islands, Hawaii. The generic name honors William Thomas Pritchard (1829–1907), a British consul at Fiji. Description These palms vary in height, ranging from . The leaves are fan-shaped (''costapalmate'') and the trunk columnar, naked, smooth or fibrous, longitudinally grooved, and obscurely ringed by leaf scars. The flowers and subsequent fruit are borne in a terminal cluster with simple or compound branches of an arcuate or pendulous inflorescence that (in some species) is longer than the leaves. Species There are 29 known species, of which 19 are Endemism, endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, with the remainder on other Pacific Islands, island groups. Many are critically endangered. Oahu has the most named ''Pritchardia'' species of any ...
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Travellers Palm
''Ravenala'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants. Classically, the genus was considered to include a single species, ''Ravenala madagascariensis'' from Madagascar. Taxonomy Species of the genus ''Ravenala'' are not true palms (family Arecaceae) but members of the family Strelitziaceae. The genus is closely related to the southern African genus ''Strelitzia'' and the South American genus ''Phenakospermum''. Some older classifications include these genera in the banana family (Musaceae). Etymology The scientific name ''Ravenala'' comes from Malagasy ''ravinala'' or ''ravina ala'' meaning "forest leaves". Species Although formerly considered to be monotypic, four different forms have been distinguished. Five new species were described in 2021, all from Madagascar. The following species are currently recognised in the genus ''Ravenala'': *'' Ravenala agatheae'' *'' Ravenala blancii'' *'' Ravenala grandis'' *'' Ravenala hladikorum'' *''Ravenala madagascariensis ...
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Latania
''Latania'', commonly known as latan palm or latania palm, is a genus of flowering plant in the Arecaceae, palm tree family (biology), family, native to the Mascarene Islands in the western Indian Ocean. Species The genus contains three species, one from each of the three major islands (including islets) in the chain. All species have been ranked as Endangered species, Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN. Latan palms are large, single-stemmed fan palms with separate male and female plants (dioecy); when the leaves fall, they leave scars on the trunks. Male flowers are small, in clusters, and emerge from within leathery bracts on the catkin-like inflorescences. Female flowers are larger, solitary and not concealed within bracts. The fruits contain 1-3 pyrenes, which are seeds enclosed within woody Fruit anatomy, endocarps. The endocarps have sculpted surfaces and the three species are readily distinguished from their pyrenes. References ...
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Washingtonia
''Washingtonia'' is a genus of palms, native to the southwestern United States (in southern California, and southwest Arizona) and northwest Mexico (in Baja California and Sonora). Both ''Washingtonia'' species are commonly cultivated across the Southern United States, the Middle East, southern Europe, and North Africa, where they have greatly hybridized. Description They are fan palms (subfamily Coryphoideae), with petioles armed with sharp thorns terminating in a rounded fan of numerous leaflets. The flowers are in a dense inflorescence, with the fruits maturing into a small blackish-brown drupe 6–10 mm diameter with a thin layer of sweet flesh over the single seed.Riffle, Robert L. and Craft, Paul (2003) ''An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms''. Portland: Timber Press. / Extant species There are three species: ''Washingtonia robusta'', ''Washingtonia filifera'', and ''Washingtonia filibusta'' The fruit is edible, and was used by Native American people as a mino ...
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Livistona
''Livistona'' is a genus of palms, the botanical family Arecaceae, native to southeastern and eastern Asia, Australasia, and the Horn of Africa. They are fan palms, the leaves with an armed petiole terminating in a rounded, costapalmate fan of numerous leaflets. '' L. speciosa'', locally called ''kho'', gives its name to Khao Kho District in Thailand. Taxonomy The genus was established by Robert Brown in his ''Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae'' (1810) to accommodate his descriptions of two species collected during an expedition to Australia. The names published by Brown were '' Livistona humilis'' and '' L. inermis'', describing material he had collected in the north of Australia, a partial taxonomic revision in 1963 nominated the first of these as the lectotype. His collaborator Ferdinand Bauer, the botanist and master illustrator, produced artworks to accompany Brown's descriptions, but these were not published until 1838. In 1983 a species of palm from Somalia was for ...
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Hyphaene Petersiana
''Hyphaene petersiana'', the real fan palm or makalani palm, is a palm tree native to the subtropical, low-lying regions of south central Africa. Range and habitat It is found in Burundi, Rwanda, the DRC, Tanzania, Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia and the northern and north-eastern Limpopo. Its habitat is open woodland, flood plains, banks of rivers and the fringes of pans and swamps. Reproduction As with other ''Hyphaene'' species, ''H. petersiana'' is dioicous and the female plants produce copious fruit of around 60 mm in diameter. Up to 2,000 fruits may be found on a tree, the combined yield of about four seasons. The seeds germinate with difficulty but find saline conditions beneficial. They develop massive tap-roots which draw saline water deep underground. Though slow-growing, they may attain a maximum height of 18 metres. Typical adult plants however stand some 5 to 7 metres tall. Uses and associations The plants are utilised by humans ...
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Chamaerops
''Chamaerops'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Arecaceae. It contains only one species, ''Chamaerops humilis'', variously called European fan palm or the Mediterranean dwarf palm. It is one of the most cold-hardy palms and is used in landscaping in temperate climates. Taxonomy Apart from the universally accepted ''Chamaerops humilis,'' there are a few potential taxa of unresolved status, plus numerous species synonymised under ''Chamaerops humilis''. The genus ''Chamaerops'' is closely related to the genus ''Trachycarpus''. The genera differ in that ''Trachycarpus'' lacks the clumping habit (only forms single stems without basal suckers), the spiny leaf stems (spineless in ''Trachycarpus''), and in small details of the flower anatomy. Subspecies The species ''Chamaerops humilis'' itself has two accepted varieties as follows: *''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea'' André (syn. ''C. h.'' var. ''cerifera'') – "Atlas mountains palm" of Northwest Africa. Leaves ...
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Species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology (biology), morphology, behaviour, or ecological niche. In addition, palaeontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. About 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a binomial nomenclature, two-part name, a "binomen". The first part of a binomen is the name of a genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name (zoology), specific name or the specific ...
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Trithrinax
''Trithrinax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the subfamily Coryphoideae of the family Arecaceae. The name is derived from ancient Greek, where ''tri'' means three, and ''thrinax'' trident. It was named in 1837 by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, a German botanist and explorer.Moore, H. E., Jr. 1963. An annotated checklist of cultivated palms. ''Trithrinax'' species are spiny fan palms native to South America. They are resistant to cold, heat, wind, drought, poor soils and other adverse environmental conditions. Seeds germinate fast, but their overall growth rate is distinctly slow.Riffle, Robert L. and Craft, Paul (2003) ''An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms''. Portland: Timber Press. / Description Common features of ''Trithrinax'' species include: *''Flowers'': Inflorescences, in the order of hundreds of units. Flowers with three sepals, three petals, six stamens and three carpels. *''Stem'': Dead foliage is kept as a thick and spiny coat around the trunk. *''Leaves'': ...
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Trachycarpus
''Trachycarpus'' is a genus of ten species of Arecaceae, palms native to Asia, from the Himalaya east to eastern China. They are fan palms (subfamily Coryphoideae), with the leaf, leaves with a bare petiole terminating in a rounded fan of numerous leaflets. The leaf bases produce persistent fiber, fibres that often give the trunk a characteristic hairy appearance. All species are dioecious, with male and female flowers produced on separate plants although female plants will sometimes produce male flowers, allowing occasional self-pollination. Cultivation and uses The most common species in cultivation is ''Trachycarpus fortunei'' (Chusan palm or windmill palm), which is the northernmost naturally-growing palm species in the world. Cities as far north as London, Dublin, Paris, Seattle and Vancouver have long term cultivated palms in several areas. The dwarf form, known as ''T. wagnerianus,'' is unknown in the wild, and is now considered synonymous with ''T. fortunei'' Flora of Ch ...
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Thrinax
''Thrinax'' is a genus in the palm family, native to the Caribbean. It is closely related to the genera '' Coccothrinax'', '' Hemithrinax'' and '' Zombia''. Flowers are small, bisexual and are borne on small stalks. Taxonomy In the first edition of '' Genera Palmarum'' (1987), Natalie Uhl and John Dransfield placed the genus ''Thrinax'' in subfamily Coryphoideae, tribe Corypheae and subtribe Thrinacinae. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses showed that the Old World and New World members of Thrinacinae are not closely related and as a consequence, ''Thrinax'' and related genera were transferred into their own tribe, Cryosophileae. In 2008, '' Leucothrinax morrisii'' (formerly ''T. morrisii'') was split from ''Thrinax'' after phylogenetic studies showed that its inclusion in ''Thrinax'' would render that genus paraphyletic Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages ...
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