|
Fam Language
Fam ( ámref name="Idiatov">Idiatov, Dmitry, Mark Van de Velde, Tope Olagunju and Bitrus Andrew. 2017. Results of the first AdaGram survey in Adamawa and Taraba States, Nigeria'. 47th Colloquium on African Languages and Linguistics (CALL) (Leiden, Netherlands).) is an endangered Bantoid language, spoken by less than 500 in Bali LGA, Taraba State, Nigeria. Name The speakers call themselves Fam, and their language either Fam or Awol Fam, although outsiders call the language Koŋa, Kɔŋa or Konga. Demographics Speakers In 2016, the language had less than 500 speakers. Fam is recorded as having either 1000, or less than 1000 speakers in 1984. However, according to linguist Roger Blench, it did not have more than 500 speakers when it was recorded in 1984. Area spoken The language was previously thought to be spoken in the single village of Sabon Gida. However, according to later research, it is actually spoken in multiple villages. Classification Fam is unclassified w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nigeria
Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the south. It covers an area of . With Demographics of Nigeria, a population of more than 230 million, it is the List of African countries by population, most populous country in Africa, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, world's sixth-most populous country. Nigeria borders Niger in Niger–Nigeria border, the north, Chad in Chad–Nigeria border, the northeast, Cameroon in Cameroon–Nigeria border, the east, and Benin in Benin–Nigeria border, the west. Nigeria is a Federation, federal republic comprising 36 States of Nigeria, states and the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria, Federal Capital Territory, where its capital, Abuja, is located. The List of Nigerian cities by population, largest city in Nigeria by population is Lagos, one of the largest List of largest cities, metr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mvanip Language
Mvanip (Mvano), or Magu, is a minor Mambiloid language of Nigeria. Despite the small number of speakers, language use is vigorous. ''Ethnologue'' classifies Mvanip as threatened. General information As of 1964, Mvanip had 800 speakers in and around the town of Zongo Ajiya, which is located on the Mambila Plateau in Nigeria. By 1999, however, the language was only spoken by about 100 speakers. Despite this, all of the children of Mvanip speakers still speak the language, meaning that it is still alive. Fulfulde, Mambila, and Ndoro are also spoken in Zongo Ajiya.Blench, R. (2012). An atlas of Nigerian languages. Many confuse Mvanip with the Kaka language, which is spoken in the southeastern Nigeria and the adjacent areas in Cameroon. Despite the confusion, these two languages are unrelated. The most closely related language is Ndunda, which is also located on the Mambila Plateau. Some other languages Mvanip is related to are Fam, Nizaa, Kwanja, Mambila, Vute and Wawa, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Areal Feature
In geolinguistics, areal features are elements shared by languages or dialects in a geographic area, particularly when such features are not descended from a common ancestor or proto-language. An areal feature is contrasted with genetic relationship determined similarity within the same language family. Features may diffuse from one dominant language to neighbouring languages (see "sprachbund"). Genetic relationships are represented in the family tree model of language change, and areal relationships are represented in the wave model. Characteristics Resemblances between two or more languages (whether in typology or in vocabulary) have been observed to result from several mechanisms, including lingual genealogical relation (descent from a common ancestor language, not principally related to biological genetics); borrowing between languages; retention of features when a population adopts a new language; and chance coincidence. When little or no direct documentation of ances ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suppletion
In linguistics and etymology, suppletion is traditionally understood as the use of one word as the inflected form of another word when the two words are not cognate. For those learning a language, suppletive forms will be seen as "irregular" or even "highly irregular". For example, ''go:went'' is a suppletive paradigm, because ''go'' and ''went'' are not etymologically related, whereas ''mouse:mice'' is irregular but not suppletive, since the two words come from the same Old English ancestor. The term "suppletion" implies that a gap in the paradigm was filled by a form "supplied" by a different paradigm. Instances of suppletion are overwhelmingly restricted to the most commonly used lexical items in a language. Irregularity and suppletion An irregular paradigm is one in which the derived forms of a word cannot be deduced by simple rules from the base form. For example, someone who knows only a little English can deduce that the plural of ''girl'' is ''girls'' but cannot deduce t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mbembe Language
Mbembe is a Cross River language of Nigeria Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the south. It covers an area of . With Demographics of Nigeria, .... Odut, a divergent variety spoken in a village far South of the rest of Mbembe, had 20 speakers in 1980 and may be extinct. References Languages of Nigeria Upper Cross River languages {{CrossRiver-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gbo Language
The Gbo language, known as Legbo or after the people as Agbo, is an Upper Cross River language of Nigeria. References Languages of Nigeria Upper Cross River languages {{CrossRiver-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Cross River Languages
The Upper Cross River languages form a branch of the Cross River languages of Cross River State, Nigeria. The most populous languages are Loko language (Nigeria), Lokö and Mbembe language, Mbembe, with 100,000 speakers. Languages The internal structure per Cornell (1994), reproduced in Williamson and Blench (2000), is as follows: Names and locations Below is a list of language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019). Reconstruction A reconstruction of Proto-Upper Cross River has been proposed by Gerrit Dimmendaal (1978).Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. 1978. ''The Consonants of Proto-Upper Cross and their Implications for the Classification of the Upper Cross Languages''. Leiden: Leiden University. See also *Wiktionary:Appendix:List of Proto-Upper Cross River reconstructions, List of Proto-Upper Cross River reconstructions (Wiktionary) References External linksComparaLex database with Upper Cross River word lists {{Niger-Congo branches Upper Cross River langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phone (phonetics)
In phonetics (a branch of linguistics), a phone is any distinct speech sound. It is any surface-level or unanalyzed sound of a language, the smallest identifiable unit occurring inside a stream of speech. In spoken human language, a phone is thus any vowel or consonant sound (or semivowel sound). In sign language, a phone is the equivalent of a unit of gesture. Phones versus phonemes Phones are the segment (linguistics), segments of speech that possess distinct physical or perceptual properties, regardless of whether the exact sound is critical to the meanings of words. Whereas a phone is a Abstract and concrete, concrete sound used across various spoken languages, a phoneme is more abstract and narrowly defined: any class of phones that the users of a particular language nevertheless ''perceive'' as a single basic sound, a single unit, and that distinguishes words from other words. If a phoneme is swapped with another phoneme inside a word, it can change the meaning of that word, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prefix
A prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word. Particularly in the study of languages, a prefix is also called a preformative, because it alters the form of the word to which it is affixed. Prefixes, like other affixes, can be either inflectional, creating a new form of a word with the same basic meaning and same lexical category, or derivational, creating a new word with a new semantic meaning and sometimes also a different lexical category. Prefixes, like all affixes, are usually bound morphemes. English has no inflectional prefixes, using only suffixes for that purpose. Adding a prefix to the beginning of an English word changes it to a different word. For example, when the prefix ''un-'' is added to the word ''happy'', it creates the word ''unhappy''. The word ''prefix'' is itself made up of the stem ''fix'' (meaning "attach", in this case), and the prefix ''pre-'' (meaning "before"), both of which are derived from Latin roots. English language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jukunoid Languages
The Jukunoid languages are a branch of the Benue-Congo languages spoken by the Jukun people (West Africa), Jukun and related peoples of Nigeria and Cameroon. They are distributed mostly throughout Taraba State, Nigeria and surrounding regions. Their Wapan language, asymmetrical nasal consonants are atypical for West Africa, as can be seen in Wapan language, Wapan. External relationships Gerhardt (1983) and Güldemann (2018) suggest that Jukunoid may actually be part of the Plateau languages, as it shares similarities with various Plateau groups, especially Tarokoid languages, Tarokoid. However, Blench (2005) argues that Jukunoid is clearly separate from Plateau. Classification The following classification is from Glottolog; the Kororofa branch has been added from ''Ethnologue'' (Glottolog classifies the Kororofa languages as Jukun): *Jukunoid **Kuteb language, Kuteb **Central ***Kpan–Icen ****Etkywan language, Etkywan (Icen) ****Kpan language, Kpan ***Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jukun Takum Language
Jukun (''Njikun''), or more precisely Jukun Takum, is a Jukunoid language of Cameroon used as a trade language in Nigeria Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the south. It covers an area of . With Demographics of Nigeria, .... Though there are only a few thousand native speakers, and only a dozen in Nigeria (as of 2000), it is spoken as a second language in Nigeria by tens of thousands (40,000 reported in 1979). The name ''Jukun'' is a cover term for several related Jukunoid languages, such as the much more numerous Jukun Wapan. Wase Tofa is listed by Blench (2019) as a dialect. References Jukunoid languages Languages of Nigeria Languages of Cameroon {{BenueCongo-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dakoid Languages
The Dakoid languages are a branch of the Northern Bantoid languages spoken in Taraba and Adamawa states of eastern Nigeria. Languages *Dakoid **Gaa–Dong *** Donga (Dong) ***Gaa (Tiba) **Daka–Taram *** Taram *** Daka (a dialect cluster of Dirim, Samba, Lamja, Dengsa, and Tola). Classification Greenberg Greenberg is a surname common in North America and Anglosphere, with anglicized spelling of the German Grünberg (''green mountain'') or the Jewish Ashkenazi Yiddish Grinberg, an artificial surname.Beider, Alexander (1993). ''A Dictionary of Jewi ... placed Samba Daka (Daka) within his Adamawa proposal, as group G3, but Bennett (1983) demonstrated to general satisfaction that it is a Benue–Congo language, though its placement within Benue–Congo is disputed. Blench (2010) considers it to be Benue–Congo. Boyd (ms), however, considers Daka an isolate branch within Niger–Congo (Blench 2008). Dong (Donga), though clearly Niger–Congo, is difficult to classify. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |