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Falklands War
The Falklands War () was a ten-week undeclared war between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1982 over two British Overseas Territories, British dependent territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands and Falkland Islands Dependencies, its territorial dependency, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The conflict began on 2 April 1982, when 1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands, Argentina invaded and Occupation of the Falkland Islands, occupied the Falkland Islands, followed by the invasion of South Georgia the next day. On 5 April, the British government dispatched a British naval forces in the Falklands War, naval task force to engage the Argentine Navy and Argentine Air Force, Air Force before making an Amphibious warfare, amphibious assault on the islands. The conflict lasted 74 days and ended with an Argentine Argentinian surrender in the Falklands War, surrender on 14 June, returning the islands to British control. In total, 649&nbs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falklands Crisis Of 1770
The Falklands Crisis of 1770 was a diplomatic standoff between Great Britain and Spain over possession of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. These events were nearly the cause of a war between Britain and Spain—backed by France—and all three countries were poised to dispatch armed fleets to defend the rival claims to sovereignty of the barren but strategically important islands. Ultimately, a lack of French support, however, deprived Spain of any help, and faced with the Royal Navy alone they backed down and opened talks. The British thus had managed to gain a diplomatic victory, and reached an inconclusive compromise with Spain in which both nations maintained their settlements but neither relinquished its claim of sovereignty over the islands. Background Several British and Spanish historians maintain that their own explorers discovered the islands, leading to claims from both sides on the grounds of prior discovery. In January 1690, English sailor John ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Lombardo
Juan José Lombardo (19 March 1927 – 26 November 2019) was an Argentine vice admiral imprisoned for crimes against humanity. He was the commander-in-chief of the South Atlantic Theatre of Operations during the 1982 Falklands War. He was also the mastermind of the Argentine invasion of the Falklands. Lombardo was born in Salto, Buenos Aires in March 1927. Trial In 2010, he was put under house arrest for crimes against humanity committed in Argentina during the National Reorganization Process The National Reorganization Process ( PRN; often simply , "the Process") was the military dictatorship that ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1983. In Argentina it is often known simply as the ("last military junta"), ("last military dictatorship") .... He was later one of the 63 accused of such crimes during the dictatorship in a series of trial known as the "ESMA mega-trial". In February 2016, he received a third sentence of life imprisonment. He died in November 2019, two weeks after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Undeclared War
An undeclared war is a military conflict between two or more nations without either side issuing a formal declaration of war. The term is sometimes used to include any disagreement or conflict fought about without an official declaration. Since the United Nations' police action in the Korean War, some governments have pursued disciplinary actions and limited warfare by characterizing them as something else such as a military action or armed response. Under customary international law, it is not necessary to declare war—simply beginning hostilities is sufficient to make belligerent intentions clear. United States There is no specific format required under United States law for the way an official war declaration will be structured or delivered. The United States Constitution states: "The Congress shall have Power ��To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water". As of September 2024, the United States Congress ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falkland Islands Sovereignty Dispute
Sovereignty over the Falkland Islands () is disputed by Argentina and the United Kingdom. The British claim to sovereignty dates from 1690, when they made the first recorded landing on the islands, and the United Kingdom has exercised '' de facto'' sovereignty over the archipelago almost continuously since 1833. Argentina has long disputed this claim, having been in control of the islands for a few years prior to 1833. The dispute escalated in 1982, when Argentina invaded the islands, precipitating the Falklands War. Falkland Islanders overwhelmingly prefer to remain British. Following the British victory in the Falklands War, they were granted full British citizenship under the British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983. Historical basis of the dispute Pre-settlement claims In 1493, Pope Alexander VI issued a Papal bull, ''Inter caetera'', dividing the New World between Spain and Portugal. The following year, the Treaty of Tordesillas between those countries agreed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counter-insurgency Aircraft
Counter-insurgency aircraft or COIN aircraft are a specialized variety of military light attack aircraft, armed with aircraft artillery and/or portable rockets and designed for counter-insurgency operations, armed reconnaissance, air escort of ground forces, and ground support against " low-intensity engagements"; usually irregular groups of insurgents. Roles Some of the roles carried out by counter-insurgency aircraft include: *Transportation in support of combatants and civilians alike, including casualty evacuation (CASEVAC). *Intelligence gathering, surveillance, and reconnaissance. * Psychological operations (PSYOPs) through leaflet drops, loudspeakers, and radio broadcasts. *Air-to-ground attack against soft targets. For an aircraft—whether fixed-wing or rotary—to effectively carry out all these roles, it should have specification characteristics such as low loitering speed, long endurance, simplicity in maintenance, and the capability to perform short or ver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ARA Narwal
ARA ''Narwal'' was an Argentinian fishing trawler, equipped for ELINT purposes during the Falklands War and captained by Asterio Wagata. Operational history The ship had been given the task of shadowing the British fleet and performing ELINT operations along with other trawlers, and was observed for the first time by British air patrols on 29 April 1982. ''Narwal'' was heavily damaged in an attack by British Sea Harriers from on 9 May 1982. The ship was hit by a 1000-pound bomb, but it failed to explode as it had been released below the lowest prescribed height and did not arm in time. The bomb caused heavy damage and the Harriers then strafed the ''Narwal'' with their 30mm guns. The aircraft were Sea Harriers of Fleet Air Arm 800 Naval Air Squadron, flown by Fl Lt Morgan and Lt Cdr Batt. The two Harriers had been dispatched to Port Stanley for a bombing mission, but the mission was not completed due to low clouds over the target area. On the return leg to ''Hermes'' th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ARA Santa Fe (S-21)
ARA ''Santa Fe'' was an Argentine that was lost during the Falklands War. Built by the US during the Second World War, the ship operated in the United States Navy as USS ''Catfish'' (SS-339) until 1971 when she was transferred to the Argentine Navy. She served until 1982 when she was captured by the British at South Georgia after being seriously damaged and subsequently sank along a pier, with just her conning tower (sail) visible above the waterline. The submarine was raised, towed out of the bay and scuttled in deep water in 1985. U.S. Navy service ''Catfish'' was launched 19 November 1944 by Electric Boat Co., Groton, Connecticut; sponsored by Mrs. J. J. Crowley; and commissioned 19 March 1945. ''Catfish'' sailed from New London 4 May 1945 for Pearl Harbor, arriving 29 June. After training and the installation of new equipment, she proceeded to Guam for special training, then departed 8 August on her first war patrol, a special mission to locate a minefield off Kyūshū ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ARA General Belgrano
ARA ''General Belgrano'' (C-4) was an Argentine Navy light cruiser in service from 1951 until 1982. Originally commissioned by the U.S. Navy as , she saw action in the Pacific theatre of World War II before being sold to Argentina. The vessel was the second to have been named after the Argentine founding father Manuel Belgrano (1770–1820). The first vessel was a 7,069-ton armoured cruiser completed in 1896. She was sunk on 2 May 1982 during the Falklands War by the Royal Navy submarine with the loss of 323 lives. Losses from ''General Belgrano'' totalled just under half of Argentine military deaths in the war. She is the only ship to have been sunk during military operations by a nuclear-powered submarine and the second sunk in action by any type of submarine since World War II (the first being the Indian frigate , which was sunk by the Pakistani submarine during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War). Early career The warship was built as , the sixth ship of the design, in Cam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FV101 Scorpion
The FV101 Scorpion is a British armoured reconnaissance vehicle and light tank. It was the lead vehicle and the fire support type in the Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked), CVR(T), family of seven armoured vehicles. Manufactured by Alvis, it was introduced into service with the British Army in 1973 and was withdrawn in 1994. More than 3,000 were produced and used as reconnaissance vehicles or light tanks. It held the Guinness world record for the fastest production tank, recorded doing at the QinetiQ vehicle test track in Chertsey, Surrey, on 26 January 2002. History The CVR(T) family of vehicles came from a British Army requirement for an armoured fighting vehicle that could be rapidly airlifted to trouble spots. The Armoured Vehicle Reconnaissance was supposed to carry both a gun and an anti-tank missile but it was not possible to design an air portable vehicle to the specification. The limits on both size and weight led to the use of aluminium alloy for the hull and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS Atlantic Conveyor
''Atlantic Conveyor'' was a British merchant navy ship, registered in Liverpool, that was requisitioned during the Falklands War. She was hit on 25 May 1982 by two Argentine air-launched AM39 Exocet missiles, killing 12 sailors. ''Atlantic Conveyor'' sank whilst under tow on 28 May 1982. The wrecksite is designated under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986. History ''Atlantic Conveyor'' was a 14,950 ton roll-on, roll-off container ship owned by Cunard. She was built along with six other container ships, each named with the prefix ''Atlantic'', and each sailing under different national flags by different companies for the Atlantic Container Line consortium. Along with her sister ship, '' Atlantic Causeway'', ''Atlantic Conveyor'' was requisitioned by the Ministry of Defence at the beginning of the Falklands War through the STUFT (ship taken up from trade) system. Because of the short time available, the decision that the ship was not "a high-value unit", a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RFA Sir Galahad (1966)
RFA ''Sir Galahad'' (L3005) was a vessel belonging to the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) of the United Kingdom. The ship saw service in the Falklands War of 1982, where she was bombed and set afire at Fitzroy on 8 June. Background She was first managed for the British Army by the British-India Steam Navigation Company, before being transferred in 1970 to the RFA, and was crewed by British officers and Hong Kong Chinese civilian crew. Design and construction ''Sir Galahad'' was a 3,322-tonne LSL built by Stephens and launched in 1966. She could carry 340 troops or, when necessary, 534 for short periods. Cargo capacity could include 16 light tanks, 34 mixed vehicles, 122 tonnes of fuel and 31 tonnes of ammunition. Landing craft could be carried in place of lifeboats, but unloading was mainly handled by three onboard cranes. Operational history 1970 In November and December 1970 ''Sir Galahad'' was involved in Operation Burlap giving humanitarian assistance to East Pakistan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type 21 Frigate
The Type 21 frigate, or ''Amazon''-class frigate, was a British Royal Navy general-purpose escort that was designed in the late 1960s, built in the 1970s and served throughout the 1980s into the 1990s. Development In the mid-1960s, the Royal Navy (RN) had a requirement for a replacement for the diesel-powered (Type 41) anti-aircraft frigates and (Type 61) air direction frigates. While the Royal Navy's warships were traditionally designed by the Ministry of Defence's Ship Department based at Bath, private shipyards (in particular Vosper Thorneycroft) campaigned for the right to design and build a ship to meet this requirement. Vospers claimed that, by ignoring what they claimed to be the conservative design practices followed by the MoD team at Bath, they could deliver the new frigate at a significantly lower price (£3.5 million compared with the £5 million price of the contemporary ), while being attractive to export customers.Gardiner and Chumbley 1995, p. 522.Preston 2002 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
