|
FM Broadcasting In The USA
FM broadcasting in the United States began in the 1930s at engineer and inventor Edwin Howard Armstrong's experimental station, W2XMN. The use of FM radio has been associated with higher sound quality in music radio. History of FM radio in the U.S. In the United States, FM broadcasting stations currently are assigned to 101 channels, designated 87.9 to 107.9 MHz, within a 20.2 MHz-wide frequency band, spanning 87.8–108.0 MHz. In the 1930s investigations were begun into establishing radio stations transmitting on "Very High Frequency" (VHF) assignments above 30 MHz. In October 1937, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced new frequency allocations, which included a band of experimental and educational "Apex (radio band), Apex" stations, that consisted of 75 channels spanning from 41.02 to 43.98 MHz. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edwin Howard Armstrong
Edwin Howard Armstrong (December 18, 1890 – February 1, 1954) was an American electrical engineer and inventor who developed FM (frequency modulation) radio and the superheterodyne receiver system. He held 42 patents and received numerous awards, including the first Medal of Honor awarded by the Institute of Radio Engineers (now IEEE), the French Legion of Honor, the 1941 Franklin Medal and the 1942 Edison Medal. He achieved the rank of major in the Signal Corps (United States Army), U.S. Army Signal Corps during World War I and was often referred to as "Major Armstrong" during his career. He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame and included in the International Telecommunication Union's roster of great inventors. He was inducted into the Wireless Hall of Fame posthumously in 2001. Armstrong attended Columbia University, and served as a professor there for most of his life. Armstrong is also noted for his legal battles with Lee de Forest and David Sarnoff, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clear-channel Stations
A clear-channel station is a North American AM radio station that has the highest level of protection from interference from other stations, particularly from nighttime skywave signals. This classification exists to ensure the viability of cross-country or cross-continent radio service enforced through a series of treaties and statutory laws. Known as Class A stations since the 1983 adoption of the Regional Agreement for the Medium Frequency Broadcasting Service in Region 2 (Rio Agreement), they are occasionally still referred to by their former classifications of Class I-A (the highest classification), Class I-B (the next highest class), or Class I-N (for stations in Alaska too far away to cause interference to the primary clear-channel stations in the lower 48 states). The term "clear-channel" is used most often in the context of North America and the Caribbean, where the concept originated. Since 1941, these stations have been required to maintain a transmitter power output ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intermediate Frequency
In communications and electronic engineering, an intermediate frequency (IF) is a frequency to which a carrier wave is shifted as an intermediate step in Transmission (telecommunications), transmission or reception. The intermediate frequency is created by mixing the carrier signal with a local oscillator signal in a process called heterodyning, resulting in a signal at the difference or beat frequency. Intermediate frequencies are used in Superheterodyne receiver, superheterodyne radio receivers, in which an incoming signal is shifted to an IF for Amplifier, amplification before final Detector (radio), detection is done. Conversion to an intermediate frequency is useful for several reasons. When several stages of filters are used, they can all be set to a fixed frequency, which makes them easier to build and to tune. Lower frequency transistors generally have higher gains so fewer stages are required. It's easier to make sharply selective filters at lower fixed frequencies. Ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FM Broadcast Band
The FM broadcast band is a range of radio frequencies used for FM broadcasting by radio stations. The range of frequencies used differs between different parts of the world. In Europe and Africa (defined as International Telecommunication Union (ITU) region 1) and in Australia and New Zealand, it spans from 87.5 to 108 megahertz (MHz) - also known as VHF Band II - while in the Americas (ITU region 2) it ranges from 88 to 108 MHz. The FM broadcast band in Japan uses 76 to 95 MHz, and in Brazil, 76 to 108 MHz. The International Radio and Television Organisation (OIRT) band in Eastern Europe is from 65.9 to 74.0 MHz, although these countries now primarily use the 87.5 to 108 MHz band, as in the case of Russia. Some other countries have already discontinued the OIRT band and have changed to the 87.5 to 108 MHz band. Narrow band Frequency Modulation was developed and demonstrated by Hanso Idzerda in 1919. Wide band Frequency modulation radio originated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sun Valley, Nevada
Sun Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. The population was 19,299 at the 2010 census. It is north of Reno and is part of the Reno-Sparks metropolitan area. Geography The community is located within Sun Valley approximately three miles north of Reno on Nevada State Route 443.''Nevada Atlas & Gazetteer,'' DeLorme, 8th ed, 2012, p. 42 According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 19,461 people, 6,380 households, and 4,816 families living in the CDP. The population density was . There were 6,703 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 79.78% White, 2.20% African American, 1.93% Native American, 2.21% Asian, 0.62% Pacific Islander, 9.51% from other races, and 3.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21.13% of the population. There were 6,380 households, out of which 40.7% had childr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Broadcast Translator
A broadcast relay station, also known as a satellite station, relay transmitter, broadcast translator (U.S.), re-broadcaster (Canada), repeater (two-way radio) or complementary station (Mexico), is a broadcast transmitter which repeats (or transponds) the signal of a radio or television station to an area not covered by the originating station. These expand the broadcast range of a television or radio station beyond the primary signal's original coverage or improves service in the original coverage area. The stations may be (but are not usually) used to create a single-frequency network. They may also be used by an AM or FM radio station to establish a presence on the other band. Relay stations are most commonly established and operated by the same organisations responsible for the originating stations they repeat. Depending on technical and regulatory restrictions, relays may also be set up by unrelated organisations. Types Translators In its simplest form, a broadcast transl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CSN International
CSN Radio is a Christian radio network based in Twin Falls, Idaho. KAWZ, 89.9 MHz, in Twin Falls is the uplink station, feeding over 348 broadcast translators and 59 full-power radio stations across the United States, including Alaska and the Hawaiian Islands. CSN is a non-profit organization and operates non-profit stations. History KAWZ began broadcasting on April 3, 1988 (Easter Sunday), with Pastor Mike Kestler as its founder. The network was launched on April 26, 1995, broadcasting Christian radio over satellite from KAWZ in Twin Falls. The first satellite-fed translator to begin receiving the network from KAWZ was in Yucca Valley, California, and within six months the network had dozens of translators. It was originally known as the Calvary Satellite Network. By 1999, the network had grown to include 153 stations and translators, and by 2004 it had grown to approximately 400 stations and translators across the United States. In 2007, an agreement was reached between th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ATSC 3
ATSC 3.0 is a major version of the ATSC standards for terrestrial television broadcasting created by the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC). The standards are designed to offer support for newer technologies, including High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) for video channels of up to 4K resolution (2160p) at 120 frames per second, wide color gamut, high dynamic range, Dolby AC-4 and MPEG-H 3D Audio, datacasting capabilities, and more robust mobile television support. The capabilities have also been foreseen as a way to enable finer public alerting and targeted advertising. The first major deployment of ATSC 3.0 occurred in South Korea in May 2017, in preparation for the 2018 Winter Olympics. In November 2017, the FCC passed rules allowing American broadcast stations to voluntarily adopt ATSC 3.0 ("Next Gen TV"), provided that full-power stations preserve the availability of their programming in their city of license via legacy ATSC signals; adoption is being steer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Television In The United States
Television is one of the Mass media in the United States, major mass media outlets in the United States. In 2011, 96.7% of households owned television sets; about 114,200,000 American households owned at least one television set each in August 2013. Most households have more than one set. The percentage of households owning at least one television set peaked at 98.4%, in the 1996–1997 season. In 1948, 1 percent of U.S. households owned at least one television; in 1955, 75 percent did. In 1992, 60 percent of all U.S. households had Cable television in the United States, cable television subscriptions. However, this number has fallen to 40% in 2024. As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for American networks are the most widely broadcast syndication, syndicated internationally. Because of a surge in the number and popularity of critically acclaimed television ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Channel 6 Radio Stations In The United States
This is a review of low-power television stations (LPTV) in the United States, transmitting on VHF channel 6, which also operate as radio stations capable of being picked up by many standard FM receivers. These stations are colloquially known as "Franken FMs", a reference to Frankenstein's monster, because TV stations functioning as radio stations had not been envisioned by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)."MeTV FM goes from low-power TV station to top-10 Chicago radio station" by Robert Channick, ''Chicago Tribune'', May 3, 2018. The FCC commonly refers to these stations as "FM6" operations. All of these FM transmissions are authorized for operation on a center frequency of 87.75 MHz. First devised in 2002, until Jul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
