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Eutreptiaceae
Eutreptiaceae ( ICN) or Eutreptiidae (ICZN) is a family of algae in the class Euglenophyceae. It is the only family within the monotypic order Eutreptiales (ICN) or Eutreptiida (ICZN). It contains predominantly marine single-celled flagellates with photosynthetic chloroplasts. Description Members of the family Eutreptiaceae are unicellular flagellates, microscopic eukaryotes or protists capable of swimming by using flagella. Each individual has two or four heterodynamic flagella, of equal or unequal length, emerging from a pocket in the anterior side of the cell. The cells are usually capable of extensive flexibility or metaboly, a characteristic of all spirocute euglenids. Every species of this family is phototroph Phototrophs () are organisms that carry out photon capture to produce complex organic compounds (e.g. carbohydrates) and acquire energy. They use the energy from light to carry out various cellular metabolic processes. It is a list of common m ...ic and found p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euglenozoa Families
Euglenozoa are a large group of flagellate Discoba. They include a variety of common free-living species, as well as a few important parasites, some of which infect humans. Euglenozoa are represented by four major groups, ''i.e.,'' Kinetoplastea, Diplonemea, Euglenida, and Symbiontida. Euglenozoa are unicellular, mostly around in size, although some euglenids get up to long. Structure Most euglenozoa have two flagella, which are inserted parallel to one another in an apical or subapical pocket. In some these are associated with a cytostome or mouth, used to ingest bacteria or other small organisms. This is supported by one of three sets of microtubules that arise from the flagellar bases; the other two support the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the cell. Some other euglenozoa feed through absorption, and many euglenids possess chloroplasts, the only eukaryotes outside Diaphoretickes to do so without performing kleptoplasty, and so obtain energy through photosynthesis. These ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euglenophyceae
Euglenophyceae (ICNafp, proposed as a class) or Euglenea (ICZN, proposed as a class) is an unranked clade of single-celled algae belonging to the phylum Euglenozoa. They have chloroplasts originated from an event of secondary endosymbiosis with a green alga. They are distinguished from other algae by the presence of paramylon as a storage product and three membranes surrounding each chloroplast. Description Euglenophyceae are unicellular algae, protists that contain chloroplasts. Their chloroplasts originated from a secondary endosymbiosis with a green alga, particularly from the order Pyramimonadales, and contain chlorophylls ''a'' and ''b''.Some have secondarily lost this ability and evolved toward osmotrophy. In addition to photosynthetic plastids, most species have a photosensitive eyespot. Ecology Euglenophyceae are mainly present in the water column of freshwater habitats. They are abundant in small eutrophic water bodies of temperate climates, where they ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euglenid
Euglenids or euglenoids are one of the best-known groups of eukaryotic flagellates: single-celled organisms with flagella, or whip-like tails. They are classified in the phylum Euglenophyta, class Euglenida or Euglenoidea. Euglenids are commonly found in fresh water, especially when it is rich in organic materials, but they have a few marine and endosymbiotic members. Many euglenids feed by phagocytosis, or strictly by diffusion. A monophyletic subgroup known as Euglenophyceae have chloroplasts and produce their own food through photosynthesis. This group contains the carbohydrate paramylon. Euglenids split from other Euglenozoa (a larger group of flagellates) more than a billion years ago. The plastids (membranous organelles) in all extant photosynthetic species result from secondary endosymbiosis between a euglenid and a green alga. Structure Euglenoids are distinguished mainly by the presence of a type of cell covering called a pellicle. Within its taxon, the pellic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eutreptiella
''Eutreptiella'' is a genus of Euglenozoa belonging to the family Eutreptiaceae (Eutreptiidae). The genus was first described by A. M. da Cunha in 1914. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. Description ''Eutreptiella'' consists of single, free-swimming flagellate cells. Cells have two or four unequal flagella, an eyespot (stigma), and discoid, stellate or reticulate chloroplasts (according to the species) The cells exhibit a form of movement called metaboly. Habitat and ecology ''Eutreptiella'' is found in marine habitats (typically in the neritic zone), or in brackish habitats such as estuaries. During spring and summer, it can form blooms and become locally dominant. At least one species ('' E. eupharyngea'') is mixotrophic and feeds on marine heteretrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria. Blooms of euglenoids can be beneficial, as a source of nutrition for animals. However, ''Eutreptiella'' has also been implicated in fish kills in Mexico. Biochemistry The chloropl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eutreptia
''Eutreptia'' is a genus of Euglenozoa belonging to the family Eutreptiaceae (Eutreptiidae). The genus was species description, first described by Maximilian Perty in 1852. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, and is most commonly found in marine or brackish waters; however, some species have also been reported from freshwater. Description ''Eutreptia'' consists of single, free-swimming cells that are spindle-shaped with pronounced euglenoid movement (metaboly). Two heterodynamic flagella are present, both highly active while swimming, with a reddish eyespot apparatus, eyespot near the base. ''Eutreptia'' is photosynthetic with green chloroplasts; there may be numerous discoid or ribbon-shaped chloroplasts, often radiating from central pyrenoids surrounded by grains of paramylon. The chloroplast structure is similar to that of ''Euglena viridis'', but in ''Eutreptia'' what appears to be a stellate chloroplast actually consists complex of ribbon-shaped chloroplasts each with a ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algae
Algae ( , ; : alga ) is an informal term for any organisms of a large and diverse group of photosynthesis, photosynthetic organisms that are not plants, and includes species from multiple distinct clades. Such organisms range from unicellular microalgae, such as cyanobacteria, ''Chlorella'', and diatoms, to multicellular macroalgae such as kelp or brown algae which may grow up to in length. Most algae are aquatic organisms and lack many of the distinct cell and tissue types, such as stomata, xylem, and phloem that are found in embryophyte, land plants. The largest and most complex marine algae are called seaweeds. In contrast, the most complex freshwater forms are the Charophyta, a Division (taxonomy), division of green algae which includes, for example, ''Spirogyra'' and stoneworts. Algae that are carried passively by water are plankton, specifically phytoplankton. Algae constitute a Polyphyly, polyphyletic group because they do not include a common ancestor, and although Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protist
A protist ( ) or protoctist is any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, land plant, or fungus. Protists do not form a natural group, or clade, but are a paraphyletic grouping of all descendants of the last eukaryotic common ancestor excluding land plants, animals, and fungi. Protists were historically regarded as a separate taxonomic kingdom known as Protista or Protoctista. With the advent of phylogenetic analysis and electron microscopy studies, the use of Protista as a formal taxon was gradually abandoned. In modern classifications, protists are spread across several eukaryotic clades called supergroups, such as Archaeplastida ( photoautotrophs that includes land plants), SAR, Obazoa (which includes fungi and animals), Amoebozoa and " Excavata". Protists represent an extremely large genetic and ecological diversity in all environments, including extreme habitats. Their diversity, larger than for all other eukaryotes, has only been discovered in rece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phototroph
Phototrophs () are organisms that carry out photon capture to produce complex organic compounds (e.g. carbohydrates) and acquire energy. They use the energy from light to carry out various cellular metabolic processes. It is a list of common misconceptions, common misconception that phototrophs are obligatorily photosynthetic. Many, but not all, phototrophs often photosynthesize: they anabolism, anabolically convert carbon dioxide into organic material to be utilized structurally, functionally, or as a source for later catabolism, catabolic processes (e.g. in the form of starches, sugars and fats). All phototrophs either use electron transport chains or direct proton pumping to establish an electrochemical gradient which is utilized by ATP synthase, to provide the molecular energy currency for the cell. Phototrophs can be either autotrophs or heterotrophs. If their electron and hydrogen donors are inorganic compounds (e.g., , as in some purple sulfur bacteria, or , as in some gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ICNafp
The ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN or ICNafp) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all those "traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants".. It was formerly called the ''International Code of Botanical Nomenclature'' (ICBN); the name was changed at the International Botanical Congress in Melbourne in July 2011 as part of the ''Melbourne Code''. which replaced the ''Vienna Code'' of 2005. The current version of the code is the ''Shenzhen Code'' adopted by the International Botanical Congress held in Shenzhen, China, in July 2017. As with previous codes, it took effect as soon as it was ratified by the congress (on 29 July 2017), but the documentation of the code in its final form was not published until 26 June 2018. For fungi the ''Code'' was revised by the ''San Juan Chapter F'' in 2018. The 2025 edition of ICBN, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spirocute
Spirocuta () is a clade of euglenids, single-celled eukaryotes or protists belonging to the phylum Euglenozoa. They are distinguished from other euglenids by active deformation of their cell shape, a process called euglenid motion or metaboly. This is made possible by a high number of spirally arranged protein strips that run below their cell membrane and confer the cell with flexibility. These strips compose the helicoidal pellicle, a trait referenced by the alternative name Helicales. Description Spirocuta is a group of flagellates, unicellular eukaryotes or protists with one or two flagella for locomotion in the anterior region of the cell. The move through a gliding motion in contact with the substrate to propel the cell forward. Like other members of the Euglenida, their cells are lined by a pellicle composed of proteinaceous strips that interlock with each other, and are spirally arranged underneath the cell membrane. In particular, members of Spirocuta share a synapom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anterior (anatomy)
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to describe unambiguously the anatomy of humans and other animals. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position provides a definition of what is at the front ("anterior"), behind ("posterior") and so on. As part of defining and describing terms, the body is described through the use of anatomical planes and axes. The meaning of terms that are used can change depending on whether a vertebrate is a biped or a quadruped, due to the difference in the neuraxis, or if an invertebrate is a non-bilaterian. A non-bilaterian has no anterior or posterior surface for example but can still have a descriptor used such as proximal or distal in relation to a body part that is nearest to, or furthest from its middle. International organisations have determined vocabularies that are often used as standards for subdisciplines of anatomy. For example, '' Terminologia A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
