|
Eubelodon Cropped 2
''Eubelodon'' is an extinct genus of gomphothere (a family in the order Proboscidea, which also includes modern elephants) which lived in North America during the Miocene Epoch. It contains a single species: ''Eubelodon morrilli''. Description ''Eubelodon'' is considered to be a trilophodont gomphothere. It has the highly unusual combination of retaining a long lower jaw, but having lost the lower tusks, a combination only shared with fellow North American gomphothere ''Gnathabelodon'' and the choerolophodontid ''Choerolophodon.'' Fossil distribution Fossils are restricted to what is now the Great Plains of the United States. Remains were found in the Poison Ivy Quarry, Antelope, Brown County, Nebraska, and Tripp County, South Dakota. Taxonomy ''Eubelodon'' was named by Erwin Hinckly Barbour in 1914. It was synonymized subjectively with ''Trilophodon'' by Osborn in 1918 and again by Tobien in 1973 with ''Gomphotherium''. It was assigned to Gomphotheriidae by Erwin Barbou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene followed the Oligocene and preceded the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by distinct global events but by regionally defined transitions from the warmer Oligocene to the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, Afro-Arabia collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Oceans, and allowing the interchange of fauna between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans and Ape, hominoids into Eurasia. During the late Miocene, the conn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinz Tobien
The Kraft Heinz Foods Company, formerly the H. J. Heinz Company and commonly known as Heinz (), is an American food processing company headquartered at One PPG Place in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The company was founded by Henry J. Heinz in 1869. Heinz manufactures food products on six continents, and markets them in more than 200 countries and territories. The company claimed to have 150 number-one or number-two brands worldwide . Heinz ranked first in ketchup in the US with a market share in excess of 50%; the Ore-Ida label held 46% of the frozen potato sector in 2003. Since 1896, the company used its "57 Varieties" slogan; it was inspired by a sign advertising 21 styles of shoes, and Henry Heinz chose the number 57 even though the company then manufactured more than 60 products, because "5" was his lucky number and "7" was his wife's. In February 2013, Heinz agreed to be purchased by Berkshire Hathaway and the Brazilian investment firm 3G Capital for $23billion. On March 25, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protanancus
''Protanancus'' is an extinct genus of amebelodontid proboscidean from Kenya, Pakistan and Thailand. The genus consists solely of type species ''P. macinnesi''.Anancus'', and the Greek ''prōtos'' "first". Description ''Protanancus'', about the size of a present-day , was presumably quite similar to the related proboscidean ''''. Like ''Platybelodon'', the mandibular symphysis of this species was narrow and elongated, and possess ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbelodon
''Serbelodon'' is an extinct genus of proboscidean. It had tusks and a trunk. It lived in North America during the Miocene Epoch, and it was closely related to ''Amebelodon''. They had a diet that consisted of C3 plants which include fruits, tree cortex, herbs, and leaves. ''Serbelodon burnhami'' was named after Frederick Russell Burnham Major (rank), Major Frederick Russell Burnham Distinguished Service Order, DSO (May 11, 1861 – September 1, 1947) was an American scout and world-traveling adventurer. He is known for his service to the British South Africa Company and to t ... the brother-in-law of the fossil's discoverer John C. Blick. References Amebelodontidae Miocene mammals of North America Prehistoric mammals of North America Miocene proboscideans Prehistoric placental genera Fossil taxa described in 1933 {{paleo-proboscidean-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeobelodon
''Archaeobelodon'' is an extinct genus of proboscidean of the family Amebelodontidae that lived in Europe and North Africa (Egypt) during the Miocene from 16.9 to 16.0 Ma, living for approximately . ''Archaeobelodon'' was an ancestor of '' Platybelodon'' and '' Amebelodon''. ''Archaeobelodon'' had a trunk and tusks. It reached a weight of about 2305 - 3477 kg, being smaller than a modern elephant Elephants are the largest living land animals. Three living species are currently recognised: the African bush elephant ('' Loxodonta africana''), the African forest elephant (''L. cyclotis''), and the Asian elephant ('' Elephas maximus .... References Amebelodontidae Miocene proboscideans Miocene mammals of Africa Prehistoric placental genera Fossil taxa described in 1984 {{paleo-proboscidean-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amebelodontidae
Amebelodontidae is an extinct family (biology), family of large herbivorous proboscidean mammals related to elephants. They were formerly assigned to Gomphotheriidae, but recent authors consider them a distinct family. They are distinguished from other proboscideans by having flattened lower tusks (leading to the nickname "shovel tuskers") and very elongate mandibular symphysis (the fused frontmost part of the lower jaw). The lower tusks could grow to considerable size, with those of ''Konobelodon'' reaching in length. Their molar teeth are typically trilophodont (with only ''Konobelodon'' being fully tetralophodont), and possessed posttrite conules. In the past, amebelodonts' shovel-like mandibular tusks led to them being portrayed scooping up water plants, however, dental microwear suggests that they were browsers and mixed feeders. The lower tusks have been proposed to have had a variety of functions depending on the species, including stripping bark, cutting through vegetation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuvieronius
''Cuvieronius'' is an extinct New World genus of gomphothere which ranged from southern North America to western South America during the Pleistocene epoch. Reaching a shoulder height of and a body mass of , it was on average shorter but comparable in body mass to an Asian elephant. ''Cuvieronius'' inhabited subtropical and tropical latitudes in environments ranging from grasslands to tropical rainforest. Among the last gomphotheres along with the South American ''Notiomastodon'', it became extinct as part of the end Pleistocene-extinction event, approximately 12,000 years ago, along with most other large mammals in the Americas. The extinctions followed the arrival of humans to the Americas, and evidence has been found for human hunting of ''Cuvieronius,'' which may have been a factor in its extinction. Taxonomy The species now known as ''Cuvieronius hyodon'' was among the first fossil animals from the New World to be studied. The first remains of this species were recovered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhynchotherium
''Rhynchotherium'' is an extinct genus of proboscidea endemic to North America and Central America during the Miocene through Pliocene from 13.650 to 3.6 Annum, Ma, living for approximately . This gomphothere had two tusks and may have evolved from ''Gomphotherium''. Taxonomy ''Rhynchotherium'' was first described in 1868 on the basis of a lower jaw from the Miocene of Tlaxcala, Mexico. Later, the type species epithet ''R. tlascalae'' was erected for the jaw by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1918. In 1921, a gomphothere skull from the Mt. Eden area of southern California was described as a subspecies of ''Trilophodon shepardi'' (a now-defunct combination for ''Mastodon shepardi''), ''T. s. edensis'', but was subsequently reassigned to ''Rhynchotherium''. Other species subsequently assigned to ''Rhynchotherium'' included ''R. falconeri'', ''R. paredensis'', ''R. browni'', and ''R. simpsoni''. It was the closest relative to ''Cuvieronius'', and may be ancestral to it. Lucas and Morgan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notiomastodon
''Notiomastodon'' is an extinct genus of gomphothere proboscidean (related to modern elephants), endemic to South America from the Pleistocene to the early Holocene. ''Notiomastodon'' specimens reached a size similar to that of the modern Asian elephant, with a body mass of 3-4 tonnes. Like other brevirostrine gomphotheres such as '' Cuvieronius'' and '' Stegomastodon'', ''Notiomastodon'' had a shortened lower jaw and lacked lower tusks, unlike more primitive gomphotheres like '' Gomphotherium''. The genus was originally named in 1929, and has been controversial in the course of taxonomic history as it has frequently been confused with or synonymized with forms called ''Haplomastodon'' and ''Stegomastodon''. Extensive anatomical studies since the 2010s have shown that ''Notiomastodon'' represents the only valid proboscidean in lowland South America, ''Haplomastodon'' is synonymous and ''Stegomastodon'' is limited to North America, with the only other gomphothere in South America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinomastodon
''Sinomastodon'' ("Chinese mastodont") is an extinct gomphothere genus (of order Proboscidea) known from the Late Miocene to Early Pleistocene of Asia, including China, Japan, Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia and probably Kashmir. Extinct animals of Indonesia Description ''Sinomastodon'', in comparison to earlier gomphotheres, had a shortened (brevirostrine) lower jaw that lacked permanent tusks/incisors. The skull was proportionally relatively short. The upper tusks, which are circular in cross-section, are upward curving and lack enamel bands. The molar teeth were triolophodont and bunodont. One individual of ''S. hanjiangensis,'' suggested to about 30-years-old, is estimated to have been about tall and weighed . Taxonomy and evolution The taxonomic position of ''Sinomastodon'' is disputed. Some authors suggest that ''Sinomastodon'' originated from North American gomphotheres that migrated into Asia. Position according to Mothé et al. 2016 supporting this hypothesis, showing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stegomastodon
''Stegomastodon'' ('roof breast tooth') is an extinct genus of gomphotheres. It ranged throughout North America from the Pliocene (early Blancan ~4 Ma), to the Early Pleistocene (early Irvingtonian, ~1.2 Ma). The former South American species have been synonymized with '' Notiomastodon platensis''. Description ''Stegomastodon mirificus'' is known from NMNH 10707, a roughly 30-year-old male, of which most of the skeleton has been found. Alive, it stood about tall, with a weight around . Unlike more primitive gomphotheres like ''Gomphotherium'', it lacked lower tusks and had a shortened lower jaw. The upper tusks curved upward and were about long, and lacked enamel bands. The tall head and robust lower jaw suggest a strong vertical bite. ''Stegomastodons third molars molars had at least 5 lophs (ridge-like structures), greater than previous gomphotheres. The strong bite and increased tooth complexity are suggested to be adaptations to a grazing diet. Origin and evolution '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Alroy
John Alroy is a paleobiologist born in New York in 1966 and now residing in Sydney, Australia. Area of expertise Alroy specializes in diversity curves, speciation, and extinction of North American fossil mammals and Phanerozoic marine invertebrates, connecting regional and local diversity, taxonomic composition, body mass distributions, ecomorphology, and phylogenetic patterns to intrinsic diversity dynamics, evolutionary trends, mass extinctions, and the effects of global climate change. In a 3 September 2010 online article by Hugh Collins, a contributor for AOL Online Science, Alroy was quoted in a newly released study paper from Sydney's Macquarie University that "It would be unwise to assume that any large number of species can be lost today without forever altering the basic biological character of Earth's oceans." Education He graduated from Hunter College High School in 1984. He then received his BA from Reed College, Department of Biology, in 1989. And then his PHD ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
