|
Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, (abbreviated Estonian SSR, Soviet Estonia, or simply Estonia ) was an administrative subunit (Republics of the Soviet Union, union republic) of the former Soviet Union (USSR), covering the Occupation of the Baltic states, occupied and annexed territory of Estonia in 1940–1941 and 1944–1991. The Estonian SSR was nominally established to replace the until then independent Republic of Estonia on 21 July 1940, a month after the 16–17 June 1940 Timeline of the occupation of the Baltic states, Soviet military invasion and occupation of the country during World War II. After the installation of a Stalinism, Stalinist communist government, government which, backed by the occupying Soviet Red Army, declared Estonia a Soviet constituency, the Estonian SSR was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union as a union republic on 6 August 1940. Estonia was Occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany, occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941, and administer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupation Of The Baltic States
The occupation of the Baltic states was a period of annexation of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania by the Soviet Union from 1940 until its Dissolution of the Soviet Union, dissolution in 1991. For a period of several years during World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the Baltic states after it invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. The initial Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940), Soviet invasion and occupation of the Baltic states began in June 1940 under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, made between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in August 1939 before the outbreak of World War II. The three independent Baltic states, Baltic countries were annexed as constituent Republics of the Soviet Union in August 1940. Most Western countries did not recognise this annexation, and considered it illegal. In July 1941, the German occupation of the Baltic states during World War II, occupation of the Baltic states by Nazi Germany took place, just weeks after its Operation Barbarossa, invasion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliamentary Republic
A parliamentary republic is a republic that operates under a parliamentary system of government where the Executive (government), executive branch (the government) derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature (the parliament). There are a number of variations of parliamentary republics. Most have a clear differentiation between the head of government and the head of state, with the head of government holding real power and the head of state being a ceremonial position, similar to Constitutional monarchy, constitutional monarchies. In some countries the head of state has reserve powers to use at their discretion as a non-partisan "referee" of the political process. Some have combined the roles of head of state and head of government, much like presidential systems, but with a dependency upon Motion of no confidence, parliamentary confidence. In general, parliamentary republics grant the Parliamentary sovereignty , highest sovereign powers to the parliament. P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indrek Toome
Indrek Toome (19 September 1943 – 28 February 2023) was an Estonian politician and entrepreneur. As a top level communist party official, he held several important positions in the leadership of the Estonian SSR. Becoming the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Estonian SSR in 1988, and continuing as the prime minister of the Estonian SSR in 1989, after the renaming of the Council of Ministers to the Government. For the 1990 Estonian Supreme Soviet election, Toome organized a list Democratic alliance "Free Estonia" which got 15 seats out of 105 and ended up in opposition with the election winners Popular Front, who formed the new government. In free Estonia Toome worked as a real estate businessman. Among other things, he was the major owner of Viru Keskus. Biography Toome was born in Tallinn on 19 September 1943, during the German occupation of Estonia. He completed his studies in 1968 as an electrical engineer at the Polytechnic Institute in Tallinn (now Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Lauristin
Johannes Lauristin (pseudonym: Juhan Madarik; 29 October 1899 – 28 August 1941) was an Estonian communist politician, activist, writer and statesman who served as the first Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. Hs wife was communist politician Olga Lauristin and his daughter was politician Marju Lauristin. Biography Lauristin was born in to a family of industrial workers. After the revolutionary events of 1917, he quit his work and joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks). In 1919, he was enrolled in the Army of the Republic of Estonia and participated in the War of Independence. After independence, Lauristin became a member of the illegal Estonian Communist Youth Union and worked as an editor in various underground newspapers and magazines. In the same year, he joined the Communist Party of Estonia and became a member of the Central Council of the Estonian Workers' General Union. He was a member ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Chairmen Of The Council Of Ministers Of The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic was the second-highest official in the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was in turn a part of the Soviet Union. Below is a list of office-holders: {, class="wikitable" ! Name ! Entered office ! Left office , - , Johannes Lauristin(1899–1941) , August 25, 1940 , August 28, 1941 , - , colspan="3" align=center, ''Vacant (August 28, 1941 – June 17, 1942)'' , - , Oskar Sepre (acting)In RSFSR exile 1942-1944(1900–1965) , June 17, 1942 , September 28, 1944 , - , Arnold Veimer(1903–1977) , September 28, 1944 , March 29, 1951 , - , Aleksei Müürisepp(1902–1970) , March 29, 1951 , October 12, 1961 , - , Valter Klauson(1914–1988) , October 12, 1961 , January 18, 1984 , - , Bruno Saul(1932–2022) , January 18, 1984 , November 16, 1988 , - , Indrek Toome(1943–2023) , November 16, 1988 , April 3, 1990 See also *Prime Minister of Estonia * List of chairmen of the Presidium of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnold Rüütel
Arnold Rüütel (, 10 May 1928 – 31 December 2024) was an Estonian politician. He was the third President of Estonia from 8 October 2001 to 9 October 2006. Rüütel was the second president of the country after the end of the 1944–1991 Soviet occupation, and the restoration of the independent Republic of Estonia on 20 August 1991. Biography Rüütel was born in the village of Pahavalla in Laimjala Parish, Saaremaa, Estonia on 10 May 1928. His parents were Feodor Rüütel (1900−1965) and Juulia Rüütel (1905−1990). He graduated from the Agricultural College in Jäneda in 1949. He worked as a senior agronomist in Saaremaa (1949−1950) and then as a teacher at the Tartu School of Agricultural Mechanization (1955−1957). In between those two jobs, he served his term in the Soviet Army. In 1957, he was appointed the director of the experimental farm of the Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, and in 1963 he was appointed director of the Tartu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Vares
Johannes Vares (pen name Barbarus or Vares-Barbarus – 29 November 1946) was an Estonian poet, medical doctor, and politician. Early life and education Vares was born in a farmer family in the village of Kiisa, near Viljandi, Estonia. He received secondary education at Pärnu Gymnasium, and in 1910–1914 studied medicine at the University of Kyiv. Medical career Vares served as a military physician in World War I, and after that as a military physician for the Estonian Army during the Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920). He was awarded the Estonian Cross of Liberty for the participation. In the 1920s, Vares started working as a medical doctor in Pärnu. He subsequently became a well-known poet as well as a radical socialist, using the pen name Johannes Barbarus. Prime minister of Estonia During World War II, after the Stalinist Soviet Union invaded and occupied Estonia in June 1940, Andrei Zhdanov, leader of the Soviet aggression, forced the Estonian pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Chairmen Of The Presidium Of The Supreme Soviet Of The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic was the highest official in the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was in turn a part of the Soviet Union. Below is a list of office-holders: {, class="wikitable" ! Image ! Name ! Entered office ! Left office , - , , Johannes VaresIn RSFSR exile 1941-1944(1890–1946) , August 25, 1940 , November 29, 1946 , - , , Nigol Andresen (acting)(1899–1985) , November 29, 1946 , March 5, 1947 , - , , Eduard Päll(1903–1989) , March 5, 1947 , July 4, 1950 , - , , August Jakobson(1904–1963) , July 4, 1950 , February 4, 1958 , - , , Johan Eichfeld(1893–1989) , February 4, 1958 , October 12, 1961 , - , , Aleksei Müürisepp(1902–1970) , October 12, 1961 , October 7, 1970 , - , , Aleksander Ansberg (acting)(1909–1975) , October 7, 1970 , December 22, 1970 , - , , Artur Vader(1920–1978) , December 22, 1970 , May 25, 1978 , - , , Meta Vannas (acting)(1924–2002) , May 25, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaino Väljas
Vaino Väljas (28 March 1931 – 16 January 2024) was a Soviet and Estonian diplomat and politician. Väljas was leader of the Communist party in Soviet Estonia in 1988–1991, and the leader of Democratic Estonian Workers Party in 1992–1995 in independent Estonia. Biography Vaino Väljas was born on 28 March 1931 on the island of Hiiumaa in Estonia. After Estonia had been occupied and annexed in 1940, and invaded and reoccupied in 1944 by the Soviet Union under Stalin's leadership, Väljas became a member of the Soviet Communist Party in 1952. In 1955, he graduated from Tartu State University. In 1949, he began working at the Komsomol. From 1955 to 1961 he held the office of First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Leninist Young Communist League of Estonia. From 1961 to 1971, Väljas was First Secretary of the Tallinn City Committee of the Communist Party of Estonia. He was the Chairman of the 6th Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR in 1963–1967. From 1971 to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Vaino
Karl Genrikhovich Vaino (; ; ''alias'' Kirill Voinov; 28 May 1923 – 12 February 2022) was a Russian-born Soviet politician in Soviet-occupied Estonia. In 1978–1988 he was the formal leader of the Communist Party of the Estonian SSR. Early life and career Karl Genrikhovich Vaino was born in 1923 and raised in the city of Tomsk, Siberia, in then Soviet Russia. His father Heinrich Vaino (later russified as Genrikh; 1889–1965) was an active Estonian Bolshevik who had moved to Siberia in 1918 after the Bolshevik Russian invasion into Estonia had failed in the 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence. His mother, Liidia ''née'' Savi, was a daughter of Estonian immigrants who had settled in Siberia at the beginning of the 20th-century. After graduating from what is now the Omsk State Transport University in 1947, Vaino moved to then Soviet-occupied Estonia, and started working in engineering and technical jobs on the railway. He joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Käbin
Johannes Käbin (), also known by his Russified name Ivan Gustavovich Kebin (; 24 September 1905 – 25 October 1999), was an Estonian Soviet politician who led the Communist Party of Estonia from 1950 to 1978. Käbin was an ethnic Estonian but had been raised in Russia (so-called " Yestonian"),Eesti Päevaleht = Estniska Dagbladet, August 4, 1979, p. 2 "SUUND" signed by KLA as his family had moved to in 1910. After Estoni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Karotamm
Nikolai Karotamm (October 23, 1901 – September 21, 1969) was an Estonian communist politician. He was a member of the Communist Party of Estonia. In 1925, he emigrated to the Netherlands, where in 1926, he joined the Communist Party of the Netherlands. Following the Second World War, he led multiple repatriation teams to displaced persons camps in Germany. Biography Nikolai Karotamm was born in the family of a carpenter and served in the Guard Battalion in 1921. In 1925, he moved to the Netherlands and joined the Communist Party of the Netherlands. In 1926 he settled in the USSR and studied at the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West. In 1928 Karotamm became a member of the All-Union Communist Party (b) and in the same year was sent to Estonia to reestablish the Estonian Communist Party. In 1929, he returned to the Soviet Union, graduated from a university, and later became a university lecturer. He also worked as an active agent of the Executi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
