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Equals Sign
The equals sign (British English) or equal sign (American English), also known as the equality sign, is the mathematical symbol , which is used to indicate equality. In an equation it is placed between two expressions that have the same value, or for which one studies the conditions under which they have the same value. In Unicode and ASCII it has the code point U+003D. It was invented in 1557 by the Welsh mathematician Robert Recorde. History Prior to 16th century there was no common symbol for equality, and equality was usually expressed with a word, such as ''aequales, aequantur, esgale, faciunt, ghelijck'' or ''gleich,'' and sometimes by the abbreviated form ''aeq'', or simply and . Diophantus's use of , short for ( 'equals'), in '' Arithmetica'' () is considered one of the first uses of an equals sign. The symbol, now universally accepted in mathematics for equality, was first recorded by the Welsh mathematician Robert Recorde in '' The Whetstone of Witte'' (1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British English
British English is the set of Variety (linguistics), varieties of the English language native to the United Kingdom, especially Great Britain. More narrowly, it can refer specifically to the English language in England, or, more broadly, to the collective dialects of English throughout the United Kingdom taken as a single umbrella variety, for instance additionally incorporating Scottish English, Welsh English, and Northern Irish English. Tom McArthur (linguist), Tom McArthur in the Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford Guide to World English acknowledges that British English shares "all the ambiguities and tensions [with] the word 'British' and as a result can be used and interpreted in two ways, more broadly or more narrowly, within a range of blurring and ambiguity". Variations exist in formal (both written and spoken) English in the United Kingdom. For example, the adjective ''wee'' is almost exclusively used in parts of Scotland, north-east England, Northern Ireland, Ireland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geminus
Geminus of Rhodes (), was a Greek astronomer and mathematician, who flourished in the 1st century BC. An astronomy work of his, the ''Introduction to the Phenomena'', still survives; it was intended as an introductory astronomy book for students. He also wrote a work on mathematics, of which only fragments quoted by later authors survive. Life Nothing is known about the life of Geminus. It is not even certain that he was born in Rhodes, but references to mountains on Rhodes in his astronomical works suggests that he worked there. His dates are not known with any certainty either. A passage in his works referring to the ''Annus Vagus'' (Wandering Year) of the Egyptian calendar of 120 years before his own time, has been used to imply a date of c. 70 BC for the time of writing, which would be consistent with the idea that he may have been a pupil of Posidonius, but a date as late as 50 AD has also been suggested. The crater Geminus on the Moon is named after him. Astronomy The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Wallis
John Wallis (; ; ) was an English clergyman and mathematician, who is given partial credit for the development of infinitesimal calculus. Between 1643 and 1689 Wallis served as chief cryptographer for Parliament and, later, the royal court. He is credited with introducing the symbol ∞ to represent the concept of infinity. He similarly used 1/∞ for an infinitesimal. He was a contemporary of Newton and one of the greatest intellectuals of the early renaissance of mathematics. Biography Educational background * Cambridge, M.A., Oxford, D.D. * Grammar School at Tenterden, Kent, 1625–31. * School of Martin Holbeach at Felsted, Essex, 1631–2. * Cambridge University, Emmanuel College, 1632–40; B.A., 1637; M.A., 1640. * D.D. at Oxford in 1654. Family On 14 March 1645, he married Susanna Glynde ( – 16 March 1687). They had three children: # Anne, Lady Blencowe (4 June 1656 – 5 April 1718), married Sir John Blencowe (30 November 1642 – 6 May 1726) in 1675, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Norwood
Richard Norwood ( – ) was an English mathematician, diver, and surveyor. He has been called "Bermuda’s outstanding genius of the seventeenth century". Early life and first survey of Bermuda Born about 1590, Richard Norwood was sent out by the Somers Isles Company to survey the islands of Bermuda in 1616 (also known as the Somers Isles), then newly settled. After a quick initial survey, in which the total land area was roughly estimated, he completed a more thorough final survey. He was later accused of collusion with the governor, and that, after assigning the shares to all the settlers, an ''"overplus"'' of eight shares of the best land remained over due to a discrepancy between the initial estimate and the final survey, which were taken for the personal advantage of himself and the Governor (when it became evident there would be an overplus, the Governor had stopped him surveying from East to West, and obliged him to resume surveying from the less desirable Ireland islan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clavis Mathematicae
''Clavis mathematicae'' (English: ''The Key of Mathematics'') is a mathematics Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, Mathematical theory, theories and theorems that are developed and Mathematical proof, proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many ar ... book written by William Oughtred, originally published in 1631 in Latin. It was an attempt to communicate the contemporary mathematical practices, and the European history of mathematics, into a concise and digestible form. The book contains an addition in its 1647 English edition, "Easy Way of Delineating Sun-Dials by Geometry", which had been written by Oughtred earlier in life. The original edition brought the autodidactic Oughtred acclaim amongst mathematicians, but the English-language reissue brought him celebrity, especially amongst tradesman who made use of the arithmetic in their labors. The book is also notable for using the symbol "x" for mult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Oughtred
William Oughtred (5 March 1574 – 30 June 1660), also Owtred, Uhtred, etc., was an English mathematician and Anglican clergyman.'Oughtred (William)', in P. Bayle, translated and revised by J.P. Bernard, T. Birch and J. Lockman, ''A General Dictionary, Historical and Critical'', (James Bettenham, for G. Strachan and J. Clarke, London 1734/1739), Vol. VIIIpp. 77-86(Google). After John Napier discovered logarithms and Edmund Gunter created the logarithmic scales (lines, or rules) upon which slide rules are based, Oughtred was the first to use two such scales sliding by one another to perform direct multiplication and division. He is credited with inventing the slide rule in about 1622. He also introduced the "×" symbol for multiplication and the abbreviations "sin" and "cos" for the sine and cosine functions. Clerical life Education The son of Benjamin Oughtred of Eton in Buckinghamshire (now part of Berkshire), William was born there on 5 March 1574/75 and was educated a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artis Analyticae Praxis
Artis may refer to: People Surname * Dominic Artis (born 1993), American basketball player * Edmund Tyrell Artis (1789–1847), English archaeologist, palaebotanist, and geologist * Jamareo Artis (born 1989), American bass guitarist * Jamel Artis (born 1993), American basketball player * Orsten Artis (1943–2017), American basketball player * Rebecca Artis (born 1988), Australian professional golfer * William Artis (1914–1977), American sculptor * William Artis (1884–1957), British sports shooter Given name * Artis Ābols (born 1973), Latvian ice hockey player and coach * Artis Ate (born 1989), Latvian basketball player * Artis Gilmore (born 1949), American basketball player * Artis Ivey Jr. or Coolio (1963–2022), American rapper, actor, chef, and record producer * Artis Kampars (born 1967), Latvian politician and businessman * Artis Lazdiņš (born 1986), Latvian footballer * Artis Lane (born 1927), Canadian sculptor and painter * Artis Pabriks (born 1966) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Harriot
Thomas Harriot (; – 2 July 1621), also spelled Harriott, Hariot or Heriot, was an English astronomer, mathematician, ethnographer and translator to whom the theory of refraction is attributed. Thomas Harriot was also recognized for his contributions in navigational techniques, working closely with John White to create advanced maps for navigation. While Harriot worked extensively on numerous papers on the subjects of astronomy, mathematics and navigation, he remains obscure because he published little of it, namely only ''The Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia'' (1588). This book includes descriptions of English settlements and financial issues in Virginia at the time. He is sometimes credited with the introduction of the potato to the British Isles. Harriot invented binary notation and arithmetic several decades before Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, but this remained unknown until the 1920s. He was also the first person to make a drawing of the Moon thr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Napier
John Napier of Merchiston ( ; Latinisation of names, Latinized as Ioannes Neper; 1 February 1550 – 4 April 1617), nicknamed Marvellous Merchiston, was a Scottish landowner known as a mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. He was the 8th Laird of Merchiston. John Napier is best known as the discoverer of logarithms. He also invented the so-called "Napier's bones" and made common the use of the decimal point in arithmetic and mathematics. Napier's birthplace, Merchiston Castle, Merchiston Tower in Edinburgh, is now part of the facilities of Edinburgh Napier University. There is a memorial to him at St Cuthbert's Parish Church, St Cuthbert's at the west side of Edinburgh.Monuments and monumental inscriptions in Scotland: The Grampian Society, 1871 Life Napier's father was Archibald Napier (landowner), Sir Archibald Napier of Merchiston Castle, and his mother was Janet Bothwell, daughter of the politician and judge Francis Bothwell, and a sister of Adam Bothwell who bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio
''Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio'' (Description of the Wonderful Canon of Logarithms, 1614) and ''Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Constructio'' (Construction of the Wonderful Canon of Logarithms, 1619) are two books in Latin by John Napier expounding the method of logarithms. While others had approached the idea of logarithms, notably Jost Bürgi, it was Napier who first published the concept, along with easily used Mathematical table, precomputed tables, in his ''Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio.'' Prior to the introduction of logarithms, high accuracy numerical calculations involving multiplication, division and root extraction were laborious and error prone. Logarithms greatly simplify such calculations. As Napier put it: “…nothing is more tedious, fellow mathematicians, in the practice of the mathematical arts, than the great delays suffered in the tedium of lengthy multiplications and divisions, the finding of ratios, and in the extraction of square ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Wright (mathematician)
Edward Wright (baptism, baptised 8 October 1561; died November 1615) was an English mathematician and cartographer noted for his book ''Certaine Errors in Navigation'' (1599; 2nd ed., 1610), which for the first time explained the mathematical basis of the Mercator projection by building on the works of Pedro Nunes, and set out a reference table giving the linear scale multiplication factor as a function of latitude, calculated for each minute of arc up to a latitude of 75°. This was in fact a table of values of the integral of the secant function, and was the essential step needed to make practical both the making and the navigational use of Mercator charts. Wright was born at Garvestone, Garveston in Norfolk and educated at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he became a Oxford fellow, fellow from 1587 to 1596. In 1589 the college granted him leave after Elizabeth I of England, Elizabeth I requested that he carry out navigational studies with Azores Voyage of 1589, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
