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Engel's Law
Engel's law is an economic relationship proposed by the statistician Ernst Engel in 1857. It suggests that as family income increases, the percentage spent on food decreases, even though the total amount of food expenditure increases. Expenditure on housing and clothing remains proportionally the same, and that spent on education, health and recreation rises. Even though Engel's law was proposed roughly 160 years ago, it holds relevance today in the context of poverty, especially the reduction of poverty. For instance, the lines and rates for national poverty are often determined by the food share of household expenditure. A quotation of Engel himself reveals the same relationship between income and percentage of income spent on food, but also indicates the application of Engel's Law in measuring standard of living: Understanding Engel's law Engel's law states that an increase in the income of a family decreases the proportion of the income which is spent on food, even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Correlation Does Not Imply Causation
The phrase "correlation does not imply causation" refers to the inability to legitimately deduce a cause-and-effect relationship between two events or variables solely on the basis of an observed association or correlation between them. The idea that "correlation implies causation" is an example of a questionable-cause logical fallacy, in which two events occurring together are taken to have established a cause-and-effect relationship. This fallacy is also known by the Latin phrase ''cum hoc ergo propter hoc'' ('with this, therefore because of this'). This differs from the fallacy known as '' post hoc ergo propter hoc'' ("after this, therefore because of this"), in which an event following another is seen as a necessary consequence of the former event, and from conflation, the errant merging of two events, ideas, databases, etc., into one. As with any logical fallacy, identifying that the reasoning behind an argument is flawed does not necessarily imply that the resulting c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eponymous Laws Of Economics
An eponym is a noun after which or for which someone or something is, or is believed to be, named. Adjectives derived from the word ''eponym'' include ''eponymous'' and ''eponymic''. Eponyms are commonly used for time periods, places, innovations, biological nomenclature, astronomical objects, works of art and media, and tribal names. Various orthographic conventions are used for eponyms. Usage of the word The term ''eponym'' functions in multiple related ways, all based on an explicit relationship between two named things. ''Eponym'' may refer to a person or, less commonly, a place or thing for which someone or something is, or is believed to be, named. ''Eponym'' may also refer to someone or something named after, or believed to be named after, a person or, less commonly, a place or thing. A person, place, or thing named after a particular person share an eponymous relationship. In this way, Elizabeth I of England is the eponym of the Elizabethan era, but the Elizabethan e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bennett's Law
In agricultural economics and development economics, Bennett's law observes that as incomes rise, people eat relatively fewer calorie-dense starchy staple foods and relatively more nutrient-dense meats, oils, sweeteners, fruits, and vegetables. Bennett's law is related to Engel's law, which considers the relationship between rising household incomes and total food spending. History The concept of the declining "starchy-staple ratio" originated in Merrill K. Bennett's 1941 paper, "International Contrasts in Food Consumption." The first published attribution of the concept to Bennett and naming as Bennett's law appears in the proceedings of a 1959 conference held by the American Society of Civil Engineers. Contemporary use and implications Bennett's law is now a "well-established stylized fact" referenced in university textbooks, reports of the FAO and the World Bank, and many global food system The term food system describes the interconnected systems and processes that in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poverty
Poverty is a state or condition in which an individual lacks the financial resources and essentials for a basic standard of living. Poverty can have diverse Biophysical environment, environmental, legal, social, economic, and political causes and effects. When evaluating poverty in statistics or economics there are two main measures: ''absolute poverty'' which compares income against the amount needed to meet basic needs, basic personal needs, such as food, clothing, and Shelter (building), shelter; secondly, ''relative poverty'' measures when a person cannot meet a minimum level of living standards, compared to others in the same time and place. The definition of ''relative poverty'' varies from one country to another, or from one society to another. Statistically, , most of the world's population live in poverty: in Purchasing Power Parity, PPP dollars, 85% of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and international security, security, to develop friendly Diplomacy, relations among State (polity), states, to promote international cooperation, and to serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of states in achieving those goals. The United Nations headquarters is located in New York City, with several other offices located in United Nations Office at Geneva, Geneva, United Nations Office at Nairobi, Nairobi, United Nations Office at Vienna, Vienna, and The Hague. The UN comprises six principal organizations: the United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly, the United Nations Security Council, Security Council, the United Nations Economic and Social Council, Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, the United Nations Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard Of Living
Standard of living is the level of income, comforts and services available to an individual, community or society. A contributing factor to an individual's quality of life, standard of living is generally concerned with objective metrics outside an individual's personal control, such as economic, societal, political, and environmental matters. Individuals or groups use the standard of living to evaluate where to live in the world, or when assessing the success of society. In international law, an "adequate standard of living" was first described in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and further described in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. To evaluate the impact of policy for sustainable development, different disciplines have defined ''Decent Living Standards'' in order to evaluate or compare relative living experience. During much of its use in economics, improvements to standard of living were thought to be directly connected to eco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Median Income
The median income is the income amount that divides a population into two groups, half having an income above that amount, and half having an income below that amount. It may differ from the mean (or average) income. Both of these are ways of understanding income distribution. Median income can be calculated by household income, by personal income, or for specific demographic groups. When taxes and mandatory contributions are subtracted from income, the result is called net or disposable income. The measurement of income from individuals and households, which is necessary to produce statistics such as the median, can pose challenges and yield results inconsistent with aggregate national accounts data. For example, an academic study on the Census income data claims that when correcting for underreporting, U.S. median gross household income was 15% higher in 2010 (table 3). Median equivalised disposable income (OECD) See also * Disposable household and per capita income *I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hendrik S
Hendrik may refer to: People * Hendrik (given name) Hendrik is a given name of Dutch origin, and a cognate to the English Henry. The spelling Hendrick or Henderick was interchangeable until the 19th century. Birth names of people with this name can be Latinized to ''Henderickus'', ''Hendricus'', ... * Hans Hendrik (1832–1889), Greenlandic Arctic traveller and interpreter * Tony Hendrik (born 1945), German music producer and composer Others * Hendrik Island, an island in Greenland * Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, a municipality in the Netherlands * A character from '' Dragon Quest XI'' See also * Hendrich (other) * Hendrick (other) * Henrich {{disambig, surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carle C
Carle or Carlé is a surname. Notable people with the name include: *Andrea Cosima Carle, whose stage name is Maggie Mae (1960–2021), German singer * Barbara Carle (born 1958), French-American poet, critic, translator and Italianist * David Carle (born 1989), American ice hockey coach * Derek Carle (born 1973), Zimbabwean cricketer * Eric Carle (1929–2021), American designer, illustrator, and writer of children's books *Erwin Carlé, know by the pseudonym Erwin Rosen (1876–1923), German author and journalist * Frankie Carle (1903–2001), American pianist and bandleader * Jerry Carle (1923–2014), American football, basketball, and baseball player and coach *Gabrielle Carle (born 1998), Canadian soccer forward *Gilles Carle (1928–2009), French Canadian director, screenwriter and painter * Glenn Carle, American writer and former intelligence officer * Jean Carle (born 1962), Canadian former civil servant, business executive, and Liberal Party operative *Jean-Claude Carle ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carroll D
Carroll may refer to: People * Carroll (given name) * Carroll (surname) * O'Carroll, also known as Carroll, a Gaelic Irish clan * Mac Cearbhaill, anglicised as Carroll, a Gaelic Irish clan Places Australia * Carroll, New South Wales United States *Carroll, Iowa * Carroll, Nebraska * Carroll, New Hampshire * Carroll, New York *Carroll, Ohio * Carroll, Texas * Carroll County (other), various *Carroll Plantation, Maine * Carroll Township (other), various * Carroll Valley, Pennsylvania *East Carroll Parish, Louisiana * East Carroll Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania *West Carroll Parish, Louisiana * Mount Carroll, Illinois Education * Carroll College (Montana) *Carroll University, Waukesha, Wisconsin *John Carroll University, Cleveland, Ohio *Carroll Hall (University of Notre Dame), residence hall *Carroll School of Management, within Boston College Court cases *''R v Carroll'', Australian High Court case *''Carroll v. United States'', which decided that aut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
