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Emergency Ultrasound
Emergency ultrasound employing POCUS, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is the application of Medical ultrasonography, ultrasound at the point of care to make immediate patient-care decisions. It is performed by the health care professional caring for the injured or ill persons. This point-of-care use of ultrasound is often to evaluate an emergency medical condition, in settings such as an emergency department, critical care unit, ambulance, or combat zone.Beck-Razi N, Fischer D, Michaelson M et al. The utility of focused assessment with sonography for trauma as a triage tool in multiple-casualty incidents during the second Lebanon war. J Ultrasound Med 2007;26:1149–1156.Stawicki SP, Howard JM, Pryor JP, et al. Portable ultrasonography in mass casualty incidents: The CAVEAT examination. World J Orthopedics 2010;1(1):10–19. Setting Emergency ultrasound is used to quickly diagnose a limited set of injuries or pathologic conditions, specifically those where conventional diagnostic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
POCUS
POCUS (point-of-care ultrasonography or point-of-care ultrasound) is defined as the acquisition, interpretation, and immediate clinical integration of diagnostic medical ultrasound imaging performed by a treating clinician during a clinical interaction rather than by a radiologist, cardiologist, or other consulting physician. POCUS is utilized across various specialties, for a variety of clinical goals, and on a number of body systems to provide diagnostic information and guide procedures. Overview POCUS has found utility in a number of clinical settings including Emergency ultrasound, Emergency Department, Critical Care, Obstetric ultrasonography, Obstetrics, general Inpatient Care, Orthopedics, Sports Medicine, Family Medicine, Pain Management, and Hospice and Palliative Care and is used in support of a variety of clinical goals including screening, diagnosis, monitoring care, and procedural interventions. It can be used to support management in a number of body systems includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyperdynamic Precordium
(redirect frohyperactive precordium Hyperdynamic precordium is a condition where the precordium (the area of the chest over the heart) moves too much (is ''hyper dynamic'') due to some pathology of the heart. That means a forceful and hyperdynamic impulse (large amplitude that terminates quickly) can be palpated during physical examination. Hyperdynamic precordium is a physical finding which can be normal or pathological. Some possible etiologies are as followings: * Exercise or vigorous activities * Hypermetabolic states, such as hyperthyroidism, anemia, or high cardiac output * Volume overload status, such as severe aortic regurgitation, severe mitral regurgitation or left-to-right shunt In addition, hyperactive precordium indicates this physical finding with a pathologic cause which is noted by a clinician. This problem (hyperdynamic precorrdium) can be hypertrophy of the ventricles, tachycardia, or some other heart problem. Compared with forceful and hyperdynamic impulse fin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Venous Catheter
A central venous catheter (CVC), also known as a central line (c-line), central venous line, or central venous access catheter, is a catheter placed into a large vein. It is a form of venous access. Placement of larger catheters in more centrally located veins is often needed in critically ill patients, or in those requiring prolonged intravenous therapies, for more reliable vascular access. These catheters are commonly placed in veins in the neck (internal jugular vein), chest (subclavian vein or axillary vein), groin (femoral vein), or through veins in the arms (also known as a PICC line, or peripherally inserted central catheters). Central lines are used to administer medication or fluids that are unable to be taken by mouth or would harm a smaller peripheral vein, obtain blood tests (specifically the "central venous oxygen saturation"), administer fluid or blood products for large volume resuscitation, and measure central venous pressure. The catheters used are commonl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intravenous Therapy
Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein. The intravenous route of administration is commonly used for rehydration or to provide nutrients for those who cannot, or will not—due to reduced mental states or otherwise—consume food or water per os, by mouth. It may also be used to administer pharmaceutical drug, medications or other medical therapy such as blood transfusion, blood products or electrolytes to correct electrolyte imbalances. Attempts at providing intravenous therapy have been recorded as early as the 1400s, but the practice did not become widespread until the 1900s after the development of techniques for safe, effective use. The intravenous route is the fastest way to deliver medications and fluid replacement throughout the body as they are introduced directly into the circulatory system and thus quickly distributed. For this reason, the intravenous route ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pericardiocentesis
Pericardiocentesis (PCC), also called pericardial tap, is a medical procedure where fluid is aspirated from the pericardium (the sac enveloping the heart). Anatomy and physiology The pericardium is a fibrous sac surrounding the heart composed of two layers: an inner visceral pericardium and an outer parietal pericardium. The area between these two layers is known as the pericardial space and normally contains 15 to 50 mL of serous fluid. This fluid protects the heart by serving as a shock absorber and provides lubrication to the heart during contraction. The elastic nature of the pericardium allows it to accommodate a small amount of extra fluid, roughly 80 to 120 mL, in the acute setting. However, once a critical volume is reached, even small amounts of extra fluid can rapidly increase pressure within the pericardium. This pressure can significantly hinder the ability of the heart to contract, leading to cardiac tamponade. If accumulation of fluid is slow and occurs over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acad Emerg Med
''Academic Emergency Medicine'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by Wiley on behalf of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. The editor in chief is Jeffrey A. Kline, MD. Coverage includes basic science, clinical research, education information, and clinical practice related to emergency medicine. Abstracting and indexing This journal is indexed by the following services: NLM ID 9418450 * Current Contents/ Clinical Medicine * Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition * Research Alert (Thomson Reuters) * Science Citation Index * Abstracts in Anthropology * Embase * MEDLINE/Index Medicus According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 3.451. External links ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hospital Emergency Codes
Hospital emergency codes are coded messages often announced over a public address system of a hospital to alert staff to various classes of on-site emergencies. The use of codes is intended to convey essential information quickly and with minimal misunderstanding to staff while preventing stress and panic among visitors to the hospital. Such codes are sometimes posted on placards throughout the hospital or are printed on employee identification badges for ready reference. Hospital emergency codes have varied widely by location, even between hospitals in the same community. Confusion over these codes has led to the proposal for and sometimes adoption of standardized codes. In many American, Canadian, New Zealand and Australian hospitals, for example "code blue" indicates a patient has entered cardiac arrest, while "code red" indicates that a fire has broken out somewhere in the hospital facility. In order for a code call to be useful in activating the response of specific hospital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BLUE Protocol
The BLUE (Bedside Lung Ultrasound in Emergency) protocol is a standardized method for using lung ultrasound in Emergency medicine, emergency and Intensive care medicine, critical care settings. In 2008, it was introduced by Daniel Lichtenstein and Gilbert Mezière and has been used to diagnose Respiratory failure, acute respiratory failure in critically ill patients. It was first proposed in 1996 and rejected repeatedly until being accepted twelve years later. Lung ultrasound has been shown to provide timely diagnosis of acute respiratory failure in about 90% of cases. It can be performed under 3 minutes. Overview The BLUE protocol is a systematic approach to evaluating lung pathology through ultrasound, allowing for rapid differentiation of conditions such as Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD or asthma, pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism. By assessing specific lung zones and identifying characteristic ultrasound patterns, clinicians can q ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulmonary Embolus
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has moved from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (embolism). Symptoms of a PE may include shortness of breath, chest pain particularly upon breathing in, and coughing up blood. Symptoms of a blood clot in the leg may also be present, such as a red, warm, swollen, and painful leg. Signs of a PE include low blood oxygen levels, rapid breathing, rapid heart rate, and sometimes a mild fever. Severe cases can lead to passing out, abnormally low blood pressure, obstructive shock, and sudden death. PE usually results from a blood clot in the leg that travels to the lung. The risk of blood clots is increased by advanced age, cancer, prolonged bed rest and immobilization, smoking, stroke, long-haul travel over 4 hours, certain genetic conditions, estrogen-based medication, pregnancy, obesity, trauma or bone fracture, and after some types of surgery. A small proportion of cases ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pericardial Effusion
A pericardial effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity. The pericardium is a two-part membrane surrounding the heart: the outer fibrous Connective tissue, connective membrane and an inner two-layered serous membrane. The two layers of the serous membrane enclose the pericardial cavity (the potential space) between them. This pericardial space contains a small amount of pericardial fluid, normally 15-50 mL in volume. The pericardium, specifically the pericardial fluid provides lubrication, maintains the anatomic position of the heart in the chest (levocardia), and also serves as a barrier to protect the heart from infection and inflammation in adjacent tissues and organs. By definition, a pericardial effusion occurs when the volume of fluid in the cavity exceeds the normal limit. If large enough, it can compress the heart, causing cardiac tamponade and obstructive shock. Some of the presenting symptoms are shortness of breath, chest pain, chest pressu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulmonary Edema
Pulmonary edema (British English: oedema), also known as pulmonary congestion, is excessive fluid accumulation in the tissue or air spaces (usually alveoli) of the lungs. This leads to impaired gas exchange, most often leading to shortness of breath ( dyspnea) which can progress to hypoxemia and respiratory failure. Pulmonary edema has multiple causes and is traditionally classified as cardiogenic (caused by the heart) or noncardiogenic (all other types not caused by the heart). Various laboratory tests ( CBC, troponin, BNP, etc.) and imaging studies (chest x-ray, CT scan, ultrasound) are often used to diagnose and classify the cause of pulmonary edema. Treatment is focused on three aspects: * improving respiratory function, * treating the underlying cause, and * preventing further damage and allow full recovery to the lung. Pulmonary edema can cause permanent organ damage, and when sudden (acute), can lead to respiratory failure or cardiac arrest due to hypoxia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congestive Heart Failure
Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is a syndrome caused by an impairment in the heart's ability to fill with and pump blood. Although symptoms vary based on which side of the heart is affected, HF typically presents with shortness of breath, excessive fatigue, and bilateral leg swelling. The severity of the heart failure is mainly decided based on ejection fraction and also measured by the severity of symptoms. Other conditions that have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver disease, anemia, and thyroid disease. Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease, heart attack, high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excessive alcohol consumption, infection, and cardiomyopathy. These cause heart failure by altering the structure or the function of the heart or in some cases both. There are different types of heart failure: right-sided heart failure, which affect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
