Elias (Greek Scholar)
Elias (; ; fl. 6th century) was a Greek scholar and a commentator on Aristotle and Porphyry (philosopher), Porphyry. Life No information has been handed down about the life of Elias; all assumptions represented in the research are deductions from circumstantial evidence in his works. That he was at least nominally a Christian is inferred from his Christian name, but has not been proven conclusively. His thinking is influenced by Neoplatonism, the dominant philosophical direction in late antiquity. Numerous passages in writings, some of which are certain, some of which are assumed to be by Elias, correspond to passages in the works of Olympiodorus the Younger. Olympiodorus was a prominent pagan philosopher who taught in the Neoplatonic school of Alexandria in the late-6th century. It is therefore reasonable to assume that Elias also lived and taught in Alexandria and that he was a student of Olympiodorus.Jonathan Barnes, 2006, ''Porphyry Introduction'', page xxi. Oxford University ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Aristotle
Aristotle (; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts. As the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy in the Lyceum (classical), Lyceum in Athens, he began the wider Aristotelianism, Aristotelian tradition that followed, which set the groundwork for the development of modern science. Little is known about Aristotle's life. He was born in the city of Stagira (ancient city), Stagira in northern Greece during the Classical Greece, Classical period. His father, Nicomachus (father of Aristotle), Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought up by a guardian. At around eighteen years old, he joined Plato's Platonic Academy, Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty seven (). Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Ilsetraut Hadot
Ilsetraut Hadot (born 20 December 1928 in Berlin), is a philosopher and historian of philosophy who specialised in Stoicism, Neoplatonism and more generally in Ancient Philosophy. Biography In 1978, Hadot won the Victor Cousin prize of the Académie française for her work ''The problem of Alexandrian Neoplatonism.'' ''Hierocles and Simplicius.'' In 2015, she received the François-Millepierres prize by the Académie for her work ''Seneca. Spiritual Direction and Practice of Philosophy''. In 1966, she graduated the Dr. Phil. at the Free University of Berlin about ''Seneca and Spiritual Direction in Antiquity''. She defended her State thesis in 1977, a Doctor of Arts at Paris-Sorbonne University (Paris IV). She met Pierre Hadot during a symposium in Cologne in 1962 and they married in Berlin in 1966. He is also a specialist of Ancient Philosophy. Together, they wrote ''Learn to Philosophize in Antiquity'', in 2004. Research work ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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6th-century Greek Philosophers
The 6th century is the period from 501 through 600 in line with the Julian calendar. In the West, the century marks the end of Classical Antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages. The collapse of the Western Roman Empire late in the previous century left Europe fractured into many small Germanic kingdoms competing fiercely for land and wealth. From the upheaval the Franks rose to prominence and carved out a sizeable domain covering much of modern France and Germany. Meanwhile, the surviving Eastern Roman Empire began to expand under Emperor Justinian, who recaptured North Africa from the Vandals and attempted fully to recover Italy as well, in the hope of reinstating Roman control over the lands once ruled by the Western Roman Empire. Owing in part to the collapse of the Roman Empire along with its literature and civilization, the sixth century is generally considered to be the least known about in the Dark Ages. In its second golden age, the Sassanid Empire reached ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Theaetetus (dialogue)
The ''Theaetetus'' (; ''Theaítētos'', Latinisation of names, lat. ''Theaetetus'') is a philosophical work written by Plato in the early-middle 4th century BCE that investigates the definitions of knowledge, nature of knowledge, and is considered one of the founding works of epistemology. Like many of Plato's works, the ''Theaetetus'' is written in the form of a Socratic dialogue, dialogue, in this case between Socrates and the young mathematician Theaetetus (mathematician), Theaetetus and his teacher Theodorus of Cyrene. In the dialogue, Socrates and Theaetetus attempt to come up with a definition of ''episteme'', or knowledge, and discuss three definitions of knowledge: knowledge as nothing but ''perception'', knowledge as ''true judgment'', and, finally, knowledge as a ''Belief#Justified true belief, true judgment with an account.'' Each of these definitions is shown to be unsatisfactory as the dialogue ends in aporia as Socrates leaves to face a hearing for his trial for ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Christian Wildberg
Christian Wildberg (born 1957) is a German classical scholar and Andrew W. Mellon Professor at the University of Pittsburgh. He is emeritus professor of classics at Princeton University. He is known for his works on Greek philosophy Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC. Philosophy was used to make sense of the world using reason. It dealt with a wide variety of subjects, including astronomy, epistemology, mathematics, political philosophy, ethics, metaphysic .... Books * Philoponus: Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World. London: Duckworth 1987, 188pp. * John Philoponus’ Criticism of Aristotle's Theory of Aether. Peripatoi 16, Berlin, New York: De Gruyter 1988, 274pp. * Simplicius against Philoponus on the Eternity of the World. London: Duckworth 1991, pp. 95–135. (Co-authored with David Furley). * Hyperesie und Epiphanie. Ein Versuch über die Bedeutung der Götter in den Dramen des Euripides. Zetemata 109, Beck Verlag, München 2002, 231pp. ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Eternity Of The World
The eternity of the world is the question, in pre-scientific philosophy, of whether the world has a beginning in time or has existed for eternity. It was a concern for ancient philosophers as well as theologians and philosophers of the 13th century. The problem became a focus of a dispute in the 13th century, when some of the works of Aristotle, who believed in the eternity of the world, were rediscovered in the Latin West. This view conflicted with the view of the Catholic Church that the world had a beginning in time. The Aristotelian view was prohibited in the Condemnations of 1210–1277. Aristotle The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle argued that the world must have existed from eternity in his ''Physics'' as follows. In Book I, he argues that everything that comes into existence does so from a substratum. Therefore, if the underlying matter of the universe came into existence, it would come into existence from a substratum. But the nature of matter is precisely t ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Pseudo-Elias
Pseudo-Elias (?), also called Pseudo-David, was the author of a set of lectures on logic written in Ancient Greek language, Ancient Greek that form a Commentary of a philosophical text, commentary on Porphyry (philosopher), Porphyry's ''Isagoge''. The commentary, except for the first seven lectures, survives in a number of medieval manuscripts. Identity The manuscripts identify the author of the commentary variously as either Elias (Greek scholar), Elias or David (commentator), David, two other Neoplatonism, Neoplatonist commentators on Aristotle. However, modern scholars doubt these ascriptions based on comparisons to those authors' other extant works, and so the author is generally known as Pseudo-Elias or Pseudo-David. The author of the commentary was probably active at Constantinople, or possibly Thessaloniki, some time before the closure of the University of Constantinople in 726, but probably closer to 600, and no earlier than the late sixth century, after Olympiodorus the ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Stephen Of Alexandria
Stephanus of Alexandria (; fl. c. 580 – c. 640) was a Byzantine philosopher and teacher who, besides philosophy in the Neo-Platonic tradition, also wrote on alchemy, astrology and astronomy. He was one of the last exponents of the Alexandrian academic tradition before the Islamic conquest of Egypt.. Life Stephanus studied at Alexandria, probably under Elias. He is often named alongside Elias and David as among the Christians of the school of Olympiodorus. According to John Moschus, he was teaching and writing commentaries in Alexandria in the 580s, where he was involved in the controversy over Monophysitism, apparently taking positions on both sides. John calls him a "sophist and philosopher". Shortly after the accession of the Emperor Heraclius in 610, Stephanus moved to Constantinople, the capital of the empire, "thereby bridging late Alexandria and the medieval Byzantine world." Whether he was invited by the emperor is not known. He took up a position as "ecumenical profes ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Dimitri Gutas
Dimitri Gutas (; born 1945, in Cairo) is an American Arabist and Hellenist specialized in medieval Islamic philosophy, who serves as professor emeritus of Arabic and Islamic Studies in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at Yale University. Biography Gutas studied classical philology, religion, history, Arabic and Islamic studies at Yale University, where he received his doctorate in 1974. His main research interests are the classical Arabic and the intellectual tradition of the Middle Ages in the Islamic culture, especially Avicenna, and the ''Graeco-Arabica'', which is the reception and the tradition of Greek works on medicine, science and philosophy in the Arab-Islamic world (especially from the 8th to the 10th century in Baghdad ). In this field he is considered one of the leading experts. He is a co-editor in Yale's Project Theophrastus. He worked with Professor Gerhard Endress of Ruhr University Bochum in Germany to create the ''Greek and Arabic Lex ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Anonymous Prolegomena To Platonic Philosophy
Anonymous may refer to: * Anonymity, the state of an individual's identity, or personally identifiable information, being publicly unknown ** Anonymous work, a work of art or literature that has an unnamed or unknown creator or author * Anonymity (social choice), a property of a voting rule, saying that it does not discriminate apriori between voters Organizations * Anonymous (hacker group), the collective name of loosely affiliated individuals who participate in hacktivism Film and television * "Anonymous" (''Australian Playhouse''), an Australian television play * ''Anonymous'' (film), a 2011 film * ''Anonymous'' (TV series), a 2006 Irish television show * "Anonymous" (''CSI''), a 2000 episode of ''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation'' * "Anonymous" (''NCIS: Los Angeles''), a 2010 episode of ''NCIS: Los Angeles'' Music * Anonymous (band), an Andorran band * ''Anonymous'' (Blackbear album) (2019) * ''Anonymous'' (Stray from the Path album) (2013) * ''Anonymous ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Adolf Busse
Adolf (also spelt Adolph or Adolphe, Adolfo, and when Latinised Adolphus) is a given name with German origins. The name is a compound derived from the Old High German ''Athalwolf'' (or ''Hadulf''), a composition of ''athal'', or ''adal'', meaning "noble" (or '' had(u)''-, meaning "battle, combat"), and ''wolf''. The name is cognate to the Anglo-Saxon name '' Æthelwulf'' (also Eadulf or Eadwulf). The name can also be derived from the ancient Germanic elements "Wald" meaning "power", "brightness" and wolf (Waldwulf). Due to its extremely negative associations with the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler, the name has greatly declined in popularity since the end of World War II. Similar names include Lithuanian Adolfas and Latvian Ādolfs. The female forms Adolphine and Adolpha are far more rare than the male names. Adolphus can also appear as a surname, as in John Adolphus, the English historian. Popularity and usage During the 19th and early 20th centuries, Adolf was a popular nam ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Porphyry (philosopher)
Porphyry (; ; – ) was a Neoplatonic philosopher born in Tyre, Roman Phoenicia during Roman rule. He edited and published the '' Enneads'', the only collection of the work of Plotinus, his teacher. He wrote original works in the Greek language on a wide variety of topics, ranging from music theory to Homer to vegetarianism. His '' Isagoge'' or ''Introduction'', an introduction to logic and philosophy, was the standard textbook on logic throughout the Middle Ages in its Latin and Arabic translations. Porphyry was, and still is, also well-known for his anti-Christian polemics. Through works such as ''Philosophy from Oracles'' and '' Against the Christians'' (which was banned by Constantine the Great), he was involved in a controversy with early Christians. Life The ''Suda'' (a 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia based on many sources now lost) reports that Porphyry was born in Tyre, however, other sources report that he was born in Batanaea, present-day Syria . His par ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |