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Elections In Rwanda
Elections in Rwanda are manipulated in various ways, which include banning opposition parties, arresting or assassinating critics, and electoral fraud. According to its constitution, Rwanda is a multi-party democracy with a presidential system. In practice, it functions as a one-party state ruled by the Rwandan Patriotic Front and its leader Paul Kagame. The President of Rwanda, President and majority of members of the Chamber of Deputies (Rwanda), Chamber of Deputies are directly elected, whilst the Senate (Rwanda), Senate is indirectly elected and partly appointed. Latest election Presidental Chamber of Deputies Electoral history Pre-independence The ''Decree of 14 July 1952'' by the Belgian colonial authorities introduced an element of democracy to the Rwandan political system. A complicated electoral system was created, which involved several stages of elections to eventually elect the national Superior Council;Dolf Sternberger, Bernhard Vogel (politician), Bernhard Vogel, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1961 Rwandan Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Rwanda on 25 September 1961 alongside a referendum on the country's monarchy. The result was a victory for MDR-Parmehutu, which won 35 of the 44 seats in the Legislative Assembly. Voter turnout was 96%.Dieter Nohlen, Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A data handbook'', p734 They were the last multiparty elections held in Rwanda until 2003. Results References {{Rwandan elections Elections in Rwanda Parliamentary Rwanda Rwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by ... Parliament of Rwanda Election and referendum articles with incomplete results ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1988 Rwandan Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Rwanda on 19 December 1988. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the National Revolutionary Movement for Development (MRND) the sole legal party. Its leader, incumbent President Juvénal Habyarimana, who had taken power in the 1973 coup d'état, was the only candidate. The results showed 99.98% of votes in favour of his candidacy, up from 99.97% in the 1983 elections. African Elections Database The elections were the last presidential contest in Rwanda until . Results References {{Rwandan elections[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1983 Rwandan Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Rwanda on 26 December 1983. Although the previous elections had only been held two years beforehand, the term of that parliament was deemed to have begun in January 1979, so its five-year mandate was due to end. At the time the country was still a one-party state, with the National Revolutionary Movement for Development as the sole legal party. The National Development Council was enlarged from 64 to 70 seats; for each of the 10 constituencies, there were the equivalent of two candidates for each seat. Inter-Parliamentary Union Seventeen MPs lost their seats to challengers. Results References {{Rwandan elections Elections in Rwanda |
1983 Rwandan Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Rwanda on 19 December 1983. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the National Revolutionary Movement for Development (MRND) the sole legal party. Its leader, incumbent President Juvénal Habyarimana, who had taken power in the 1973 coup d'état, was the only candidate. The results showed 99.97% of votes in favour of his candidacy. African Elections Database Results References {{Rwandan elections Presidential elections in Rwanda 1983 in Rwanda Single-candidate elections < ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Republican Movement For Democracy And Development
The National Revolutionary Movement for Development (, MRND) was the ruling political party of Rwanda from 1975 to 1994 under President Juvénal Habyarimana, running with first Vice President Édouard Karemera. From 1978 to 1991, the MRND was the only legal political party in the country. It was dominated by Hutus, particularly from President Habyarimana's home region of Northern Rwanda. The elite group of MRND party members who were known to have influence on the President and his wife are known as the akazu. In 1991, the party was renamed the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development (, MRND or MRNDD). Following the Rwandan genocide in 1994, the party was banned. History The party was established by Habyarimana on 5 July 1975, exactly two years after he had ousted the first post-independence president Grégoire Kayibanda in a ''coup d'état''. Habyarimana established a totalitarian state and banned the Parmehutu party, which had been dominated by Hutus from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1981 Rwandan Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Rwanda on 28 December 1981, the first since 1969. The country was a one-party state with the National Revolutionary Movement for Development (MNRD) as the sole legal party. The MNRD had been formed as a replacement for the previous sole legal party MDR-Parmehutu following a 1978 constitutional referendum. The new constitution created the National Development Council, a 64-seat national legislature. Two candidates contested each constituency. Inter-Parliamentary Union Voter turnout was 96%. Results References {{Rwandan elections Elections in Rwanda ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juvénal Habyarimana
Juvénal Habyarimana (; ; 8 March 19376 April 1994) was a Rwandan politician and military officer who was the second president of Rwanda, from 1973 until Assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira, his assassination in 1994. He was nicknamed ''Kinani'', a Kinyarwanda word meaning "invincible". An ethnic Hutu, Habyarimana served in several security positions including Ministry of Defence (Rwanda), minister of defense under Rwanda's first president, Grégoire Kayibanda. After overthrowing Kayibanda in a 1973 Rwandan coup d'etat, coup in 1973, he became the country's new president and eventually continued his predecessor's pro-Hutu policies. He was a dictator, and electoral fraud was suspected for his unopposed re-elections: 98.99% of the vote on 24 December 1978, 99.97% of the vote on 19 December 1983, and 99.98% of the vote on 19 December 1988. During his rule, Rwanda became a totalitarian, One-party state, one-party state in which his National Revolutionary Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1978 Rwandan Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Rwanda on 24 December 1978, a week after the country's new constitution was approved in a referendum. The constitution had made the country a one-party state with the National Revolutionary Movement for Development (MRND) the sole legal party. Its leader, incumbent President Juvénal Habyarimana, who had taken power in the 1973 coup d'état, was the only candidate. The results showed 99% of votes in favour of his candidacy. African Elections Database Results References Presidential elections in Rwanda 1978 in Rwanda[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1973 Rwandan Coup D'état
The 1973 Rwandan coup d'état, also known as the Coup d'état of 5 July (), was a military coup staged by Juvénal Habyarimana against incumbent president Grégoire Kayibanda in the Republic of Rwanda. The coup took place on 5 July 1973 and was considered by many as a betrayal. Background While still under Belgian rule in the 1950s and early 1960s, resentment towards colonial rule and the ethnic Tutsi elite among the Hutu had increased, and led to the formation of the political party Parmehutu by Grégoire Kayibanda in 1957, with aims to overthrow the monarchy and gain identical rights ("emancipation") for the Hutus. This was achieved following the 1961 election and referendum, but the absence of effective Tutsi opposition led to regional tensions between Hutu politicians. The central and southern politicians were opposed by those from the north. In the months prior to Habyarimana's coup, the Army (mainly composed of northern soldiers) had intensified persecution of et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1969 Rwandan General Election
General elections were held in Rwanda on 29 September 1969. At the time, the country was a one-party state with MDR-Parmehutu as the sole legal party. Its leader, Grégoire Kayibanda, ran unopposed in the presidential election. Voter turnout was 90.9%. Electoral system The 47 members of the National Assembly elections were elected in ten multi-member constituencies. Voters could approve the entire MDR-Parmehutu list, or give a preferential vote to a single candidate.Dolf Sternberger, Bernhard Vogel, Dieter Nohlen & Klaus Landfried (1978) ''Die Wahl der Parlamente: Band II: Afrika'', Zweiter Halbband, p1720 Results President Legislative Assembly References {{Rwandan elections Elections in Rwanda General Rwanda Rwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by ... Single-can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grégoire Kayibanda
Grégoire Kayibanda (1 May 192415 December 1976) was a Rwandan politician and revolutionary who was the first elected President of Rwanda from 1962 to 1973. An ethnic Hutu, he was a pioneer of the Rwandan Revolution and led Rwanda's struggle for independence from Belgium, replacing the Tutsi monarchy with a republican form of government. Rwanda became independent from Belgium in 1962, with Kayibanda serving as the country's first president, establishing a pro-Hutu policy and a ''de facto'' one-party system governed by his party, Parmehutu. He was overthrown in a coup d'état in 1973 by his defense minister, Juvénal Habyarimana, and died three years later. Early life and education Kayibanda was born on 1 May 1924 in Tare, Rwanda. He studied his primary school at Tare then at Kabgayi. Kayibanda was admitted in Saint Léon Minor Seminary of Kabgayi in 1937. After the completion of minor seminary in 1943, he continued to Major Seminary of Nyakibanda where he studied for four ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
