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Egyptian Invasion Of Harar
The Egyptian Invasion of Harar, was part of a conflict in the Horn of Africa between the Emirate of Harar, Sultanate of Aussa, Sultan of Aussa, and Oromo people, Oromo tribesmen, and the Khedivate of Egypt from 1874 to 1885. In 1874, the Egyptians invaded Eastern Ethiopia, namely Hararghe and parts of the Somalia, Somali coast, and ruled it for 11 years. Background Facing a power vacuum, the Egyptians decided to move south and take full control of the Nile. After annexing Darfur, they aimed for Eritrea (then known as Ethiopia). The Egyptians and Ethiopians were not on good terms at the time. The Egyptians attempted a number of unsuccessful invasions of the Bilen people, Bogos/Hamasien provinces in present-day Eritrea, which were repelled by Emperor of Ethiopia, Emperor Tewodros II. Around that time, the Oromo people under Muhammad ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur were prospering in Harar. The Emir of Harar persecuted his own people, favoring the Oromo tribes over the Harari people due ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khedivate
The Khedivate of Egypt ( or , ; ') was an autonomous Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire, tributary state of the Ottoman Empire, established and ruled by the Muhammad Ali Dynasty following the defeat and expulsion of Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte's forces which brought an end to the short-lived French campaign in Egypt and Syria, French occupation of Lower Egypt. The Khedivate of Egypt had also expanded to control present-day Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, northwestern Somalia, northeastern Ethiopia, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Syria, Greece, Cyprus, southern and central Turkey, in addition to parts from Libya, Chad, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Uganda, as well as northwestern Saudi Arabia, parts of Yemen and the Kingdom of Hejaz. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom Anglo-Egyptian War, invaded and took control in 1882. In 1914, the Ottoman Empire connection was ended and Britain established a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egyptians
Egyptians (, ; , ; ) are an ethnic group native to the Nile, Nile Valley in Egypt. Egyptian identity is closely tied to Geography of Egypt, geography. The population is concentrated in the Nile Valley, a small strip of cultivable land stretching from the Cataracts of the Nile, First Cataract to the Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean and enclosed by desert both to the Eastern Desert, east and to the Western Desert (North Africa), west. This unique geography has been the basis of the DNA history of Egypt, development of Egyptian society since Ancient Egypt, antiquity. The daily language of the Egyptians is a continuum of the local variety of Arabic, varieties of Arabic; the most famous dialect is known as Egyptian Arabic or ''Masri''. Additionally, a sizable minority of Egyptians living in Upper Egypt speak Sa'idi Arabic. Egyptians are predominantly adherents of Sunni Islam with a small Shia minority and a significant proportion who follow native Sufi tariqah, orders.Hoffman, Val ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaldessa
Jaldessa (also transliterated Jeldessa, Gildessa, Guildessa, Gheldessa) is a village in eastern Ethiopia. Located in the Dire Dawa Region. The Central Statistical Agency has not published an estimate for the population of this village. It is located in History In its early history the area of Jaldessa was part of the Emirate of Harar. W.C. Barker, writing in 1842, mentions it as a stopping place in the territory of the Nole Oromo, on the caravan route between Zeila and Harar. The present-day town of Jaldessa (45 km north of Harar), was founded in 1875 by the Egyptians who set up a fort to secure supply from the coast and stationed a contingent of Sudanese soldiers with an Egyptian officer. Jaldessa then became an important station along the trade route between Harar and the Red Sea coast. A market was set up and people built huts around the station, which was fortified with stones and hedgerows, the Somali on one side and the Oromo on the other. The Ughaz of Issa, Roble ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ugaas Rooble
Ughaz (sometimes spelled ''Ugass'', ''Ugas'' or ''Ougaz'') is a traditional Somali title. It is primarily used by the Dir and Darod clans. Etymology According to Italian linguist Giorgio Banti, the term ''"Ughaz"'' is of Ethio-Semitic origin. However Djiboutian researcher, Ali Moussa Iye, states that the term ''"Ughaz"'' is composed of the two Somali terms ''"ul"'' and ''"gaas"'' meaning ''"the stick of the warrior’s chief".'' American archeologist, Julien Cooper, labeled ''"gas/gos"'' as a pan-Cushitic kinship root word with various reflexes such as ''"Ughaz"'' in Somali and ''"Gosa"'' in Burji. He later stated that this required further research. History After the downfall of the Adal Sultanate in the sixteenth century, the region descended into turmoil, which led to the establishment of the Ughaz. This figure was endowed with the authority to resolve conflicts among the different Somali clans, in addition to other responsibilities. According to I. M. Lewis, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harari People
The Harari people ( Harari: / , Gēy Usuach, "People of the City") are a Semitic-speaking ethnic group which inhabits the Horn of Africa. Members of this ethnic group traditionally reside in the walled city of Harar, simply called ''Gēy'' "the City" in Harari, situated in the Harari Region of eastern Ethiopia. They speak the Harari language, a member of the South Ethiopic grouping within the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic languages. History The Harla people, an extinct Afroasiatic-speaking people native to Hararghe, are considered by most scholars to be the precursors to the Harari people. The ancestors of the Hararis moved across the Bab-el-Mandeb, settling in the shores of Somalia and later expanding into the interior producing a Semitic-speaking population among Cushitic and non-Afroasiatic-speaking peoples in what would become Harar. These early Semitic settlers in the region were believed to be of Hadhrami stock. Sheikh Abadir, the legendary patriarch of the H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tewodros II
Tewodros II (, once referred to by the English cognate Theodore; baptized as Kassa, – 13 April 1868) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1855 until his death in 1868. His rule is often placed as the beginning of modern Ethiopia and brought an end to the decentralized Zemene Mesafint (Era of the Princes). Although Tewodros II's origins were in the Era of the Princes, his ambitions were not those of the regional nobility. He sought to re-establish a cohesive Ethiopian state and to reform its administration and church. Tewodros II's first task after having reunited the other provinces was to bring Shewa under his control. During the Era of the Princes, Shewa was, even more than most provinces, an independent entity, its ruler even styling himself Negus, the title for King. In the course of subduing the Shewans, Tewodros took with him a Shewan prince, Sahle Maryam, who he brought up as his own son, who would later become Emperor (or Atse) himself as Menelik II. Despite his success again ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Of Ethiopia
The emperor of Ethiopia (, "King of Kings"), also known as the Atse (, "emperor"), was the hereditary monarchy, hereditary ruler of the Ethiopian Empire, from at least the 13th century until the abolition of the monarchy in 1975. The emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive power, executive, judicial power, judicial and legislative power in that country. A ''National Geographic'' article from 1965 called Imperial Ethiopia "nominally a constitutional monarchy; in fact it was a benevolent dictatorship, benevolent autocracy". Title and style The title "King of Kings", often rendered imprecisely in English as "emperor", dates back to ancient Mesopotamia, but was used in Aksumite Empire, Axum by King Sembrouthes (). However, Yuri Kobishchanov dates this usage to the period following the Persian Empire, Persian victory over the Roman Empire, Romans in 296–297. The most notable pre-Solomonic usage of the title "Negusa Nagast" was by Ezana of Ax ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamasien
Hamasien ( Tigrinya: ሓማሴን) ('' Ge'ez'' ሓማሴን) was a historical province including and surrounding Asmara, part of modern Eritrea. In 1996 the province was divided and distributed largely to the modern Maekel region, with smaller parts being distributed amongst the Debub, Northern Red Sea, Gash-Barka, and Anseba regions. Hamasien was located northwest of Akele Guzai and northeast of Seraye. Traditionally being the center of the Eritrean highlands, it is the locality of the city of Asmara (the capital of Eritrea). History Archaeological evidence shows that Hamasien had been an area of a flourishing pre-historic society known as the Ona Culture that existed since around 800 B.C. with its population density being one of the highest in Sub Saharan Africa. The earliest surviving appearance of the name "Hamasien" is believed to have been the region ḤMS²M, i.e. ḤMŠ, mentioned in a Sabaic inscription of the Aksumite king Ezana. Wolbert G. C. Smidt: "Ḥamase ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilen People
The Bilen (also variously transcribed as Blin, and also formerly known as the Bogos or Northern Agaw) are a Cushitic ethnic group in Eritrea. They are primarily concentrated in central Eritrea, in and around the city of Keren and further south toward Asmara, the nation's capital. They are split into two sub-tribes; Bet Tarqe and Bet Tawqe which are split into further clans known as Hissat. The Tawke has six whereas the Tarke has five which each are divided into smaller kinship groups. SF Nadel. (194Races and tribes of Eritrea/ref> History According to local oral tradition, the Bilen migrated to the Eritrean plateau from Lasta around the 9th or 10th century led by Gebre Tarqe. A second wave of migration may have occurred according to historians during the fall of the Zagwe dynasty in 1270. In the 14th century, other groups with different origins were also integrated into the Bilen, such as the Bet Tawqe from Hamasien. The Bilen are first mention in the 14th century text, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethiopians
Ethiopians are the native inhabitants of Ethiopia, as well as the global Ethiopian diaspora, diaspora of Ethiopia. Ethiopians constitute #Ethnicity, several component ethnic groups, many of which are closely related to ethnic groups in neighboring Eritrea and other parts of the Horn of Africa. The first documented use of the name "Ethiopia" from Greek name , was in the 4th century during the reign of Kingdom of Aksum, Aksumite king Ezana of Axum, Ezana. There were three ethnolinguistic groups in the Kingdom of Aksum; Semitic languages, Semitic, Cushitic languages, Cushitic, and Nilo-Saharan languages, Nilo-Saharan (ancestors of the modern-day Kunama people, Kunama and Nara people, Nara). The Kingdom of Aksum remained a geopolitically influential entity until the Kingdom of Aksum#Decline, decline of its capital — also named Axum — beginning in the 7th century. Nevertheless, the core Aksumite civilization was preserved and continued into the successive Zagwe dynasty. By this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eritrea
Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa, with its capital and largest city being Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia in the Eritrea–Ethiopia border, south, Sudan in the west, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has a total area of approximately , and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands. Hominid remains found in Eritrea have been dated to 1 million years old and anthropological research indicates that the area may contain significant records related to the evolution of humans. The Kingdom of Aksum, covering much of modern-day Eritrea and Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia, was established during the first or second century AD.Henze, Paul B. (2005) ''Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia'', . It adopted Eritrean Orthodox Church, Christianity around the middle of the fourth century. Beginning in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darfur
Darfur ( ; ) is a region of western Sudan. ''Dār'' is an Arabic word meaning "home f – the region was named Dardaju () while ruled by the Daju, who migrated from Meroë , and it was renamed Dartunjur () when the Tunjur ruled the area. Darfur was an independent sultanate for several hundred years until 1874, when it fell to the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr. The region was later invaded and incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916. Richard Cockett Sudan: Darfur and the failure of an African state. 2010. Hobbs the Printers Ltd., Totten, Hampshire. As an administrative region, Darfur is divided into five federal states: Central Darfur, East Darfur, North Darfur, South Darfur and West Darfur. Because of the War in Darfur between Sudanese government forces and the indigenous population, the region has been in a state of humanitarian emergency and genocide since 2003. The factors include religious and ethnic rivalry, and the rivalry between farm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
