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Echinostoma Jurini
''Echinostoma'' is a genus of trematodes (flukes), which can infect both humans and other animals. These intestinal flukes have a three-host life cycle with snails or other aquatic organisms as intermediate hosts, and a variety of animals, including humans, as their definitive hosts. ''Echinostoma'' infect the gastrointestinal tract of humans, and can cause a disease known as echinostomiasis. The parasites are spread when humans or animals eat infected raw or undercooked food, such as bivalve molluscs or fish. Taxonomy There has been debate about the number of species in this group, with estimates as high as 120 unique species of ''Echinostoma'', however, currently 16 species have been accepted as valid species with another 10 to be validated ''Echinostoma'' are difficult to classify based on morphology alone. Many species look alike and can be considered cryptic species (different lineages are considered to be the same species, due to high morphological similarity between th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinostoma Revolutum
''Echinostoma revolutum'' is a trematode parasite of which the adults can infect birds and mammals, including humans. In humans, it causes echinostomiasis.. Distribution ''Echinostoma revolutum'' is the most widely distributed species of the known 20 Echinostomatidae species; it is found in Asia, Oceania, Europe, and the Americas. In Asian countries the disease is endemic to humans. Outbreaks have been reported in North America after travellers returned from Kenya and Tanzania. Description The worms are leaflike, elongated, and an average of 8.8 mm long (8.0–9.5 mm) and 1.7 mm wide (1.2–2.1 mm). When first passed in the feces, they were pinkish red and coiled in a "c" or "e" shape. The eggs in uteri were an average of 105 μm long (97–117 μm) and 63 μm wide (61–65 μm). Life cycle Infection of ''Echinostoma revolutum'' usually results from ingestion of raw snails or frogs that serve as an intermediate host. This parasite is predominantly found t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Systematic Parasitology
''Systematic Parasitology'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of the taxonomy and systematics of parasites. It was established in 1979 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media. The editor-in-chief is Aneta Kostadinova (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2013 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 1.035. References External links * {{zoology-journal-stub Springer Science+Business Media academic journals Academic journals established in 1979 Parasitology journals Monthly journals English-language journals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinostoma Novaezealandense
''Echinostoma'' is a genus of trematodes (flukes), which can infect both humans and other animals. These intestinal flukes have a three-host life cycle with snails or other aquatic organisms as intermediate hosts, and a variety of animals, including humans, as their definitive hosts. ''Echinostoma'' infect the gastrointestinal tract of humans, and can cause a disease known as echinostomiasis. The parasites are spread when humans or animals eat infected raw or undercooked food, such as bivalve molluscs or fish. Taxonomy There has been debate about the number of species in this group, with estimates as high as 120 unique species of ''Echinostoma'', however, currently 16 species have been accepted as valid species with another 10 to be validated ''Echinostoma'' are difficult to classify based on morphology alone. Many species look alike and can be considered cryptic species (different lineages are considered to be the same species, due to high morphological similarity between t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinostoma Miyagawai
''Echinostoma miyagawai'' is a species of echinostome parasite that is found in Europe, Southeast Asia and Japan. It can use multiple aquatic snail species as first intermediate host, such as '' Planorbis planorbis'', '' Anisus vortex'', and ''Radix peregra''. The definitive host species include the wild duck, the tufted duck, the domestic chicken, and the brown rat. In the definitive host it resides in the small intestine, cecum, and rectum. In Thailand and Laos ''E. miyagawai'', is more common parasite of free-living ducks than '' E. revolutum''. Taxonomy Genetic analysis has shown that the species can be subdivided into two different lineages; a Eurasian lineage and an Australian lineage. The latter includes individuals from Australia and the Americas. Genetic exchange within these lineages over such long distances is possible through distribution by birds. However, it has also been suggested that the Eurasian lineage might actually present a distinct species. Furthermore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinostoma Robustum
''Echinostoma'' is a genus of trematodes (flukes), which can infect both humans and other animals. These intestinal flukes have a three-host life cycle with snails or other aquatic organisms as intermediate hosts, and a variety of animals, including humans, as their definitive hosts. ''Echinostoma'' infect the gastrointestinal tract of humans, and can cause a disease known as echinostomiasis. The parasites are spread when humans or animals eat infected raw or undercooked food, such as bivalve molluscs or fish. Taxonomy There has been debate about the number of species in this group, with estimates as high as 120 unique species of ''Echinostoma'', however, currently 16 species have been accepted as valid species with another 10 to be validated ''Echinostoma'' are difficult to classify based on morphology alone. Many species look alike and can be considered cryptic species (different lineages are considered to be the same species, due to high morphological similarity between t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinostoma Cinetorchis
''Echinostoma cinetorchis'' is a species of human intestinal fluke, a trematode in the family Echinostomatidae. Distribution This species occurs in Korea. Hosts Hosts of ''Echinostoma cinetorchis'' include: * '' Cipangopaludina chinensis'' (Gray, 1834) – Chinese mystery snail, an intermediate host * ''Austropeplea ollula'' – as a first and main intermediate host * Note on ''Hippeutis (Helicorbis) cantori'' – this species had previously been reported as first and second intermediate host, but in a subsequent study in a laboratory setting, the species was not able to be infected at all. * '' Segmentina hemispaerula'' as a first and second intermediate host in Korea, based on laboratory work. * '' Gyraulus convexiusculus'' as a potential first and second intermediate host in Korea, based on laboratory work. Experimentally induced infection of host species that occur in Korea in a laboratory setting include: From miracidia to cercaria, i.e. as a primary intermediate host: *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinostoma Paraulum
''Echinostoma'' is a genus of Trematoda, trematodes (flukes), which can infect both humans and other animals. These intestinal trematoda, flukes have a three-host life cycle with snails or other aquatic organisms as intermediate hosts, and a variety of animals, including humans, as their host (biology), definitive hosts. ''Echinostoma'' infect the human gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal tract of humans, and can cause a disease known as echinostomiasis. The parasites are spread when humans or animals eat infected raw or undercooked food, such as bivalvia, bivalve molluscs or fish. Taxonomy There has been debate about the number of species in this group, with estimates as high as 120 unique species of ''Echinostoma'', however, currently 16 species have been accepted as valid species with another 10 to be validated ''Echinostoma'' are difficult to biological classification, classify based on morphology alone. Many species look alike and can be considered cryptic species com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinostoma Deserticum
''Echinostoma'' is a genus of trematodes (flukes), which can infect both humans and other animals. These intestinal flukes have a three-host life cycle with snails or other aquatic organisms as intermediate hosts, and a variety of animals, including humans, as their definitive hosts. ''Echinostoma'' infect the gastrointestinal tract of humans, and can cause a disease known as echinostomiasis. The parasites are spread when humans or animals eat infected raw or undercooked food, such as bivalve molluscs or fish. Taxonomy There has been debate about the number of species in this group, with estimates as high as 120 unique species of ''Echinostoma'', however, currently 16 species have been accepted as valid species with another 10 to be validated ''Echinostoma'' are difficult to classify based on morphology alone. Many species look alike and can be considered cryptic species (different lineages are considered to be the same species, due to high morphological similarity between t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondrion, mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA contained in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA is in the cell nucleus, and, in plants and algae, the DNA also is found in plastids, such as chloroplasts. Mitochondrial DNA is responsible for coding of 13 essential subunits of the complex oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system which has a role in cellular energy conversion. Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. This sequencing revealed that human mtDNA has 16,569 base pairs and encodes 13 proteins. As in other vertebrates, the human mitochondrial genetic code differs slightly from nuclear DNA. Since animal mtDNA evolves faster than nuclear genetic markers, it represents a mainstay of phylogenetics and evolutionary biology. It als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic Tree
A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA. In other words, it is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics. In evolutionary biology, all life on Earth is theoretically part of a single phylogenetic tree, indicating common ancestry. Phylogenetics is the study of phylogenetic trees. The main challenge is to find a phylogenetic tree representing optimal evolutionary ancestry between a set of species or taxa. Computational phylogenetics (also phylogeny inference) focuses on the algorithms involved in finding optimal phylogenetic tree in the phylogenetic landscape. Phylogenetic trees may be rooted or unrooted. In a ''rooted'' p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitology (journal)
''Parasitology'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the area of parasitology, including the biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, ecology and epidemiology of eukaryotic parasites, and the relationship between the host and the parasite. It was established in 1908 and is published fourteen times a year by Cambridge University Press. The editor-in-chief is John Russell Stothard ( Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine). Cambridge University Press announced that as of 3 October 2022, publishing would be switching to gold open access. History The journal was established in 1908 by George Nuttall, who served as the editor until his death in 1933. Subsequent editors have included David Keilin (1934–63), Parr Tate (1952–68), Harry Crofton (1968–72), David Crompton and Bruce Newton (1973–81), Frank Cox (1982–2000), Phil Whitfield (1982–86), Chris Arme (1987–2006), Stephen Phillips (2000–20), Robin Gasser (2005 – after 2009) and Les Chappell (2006 – aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
