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Eastern Catholic Victims Of Soviet Persecutions
Eastern Catholic victims of Soviet persecutions include bishops and others among the tens of thousands of victims of Soviet persecutions from 1918 to approximately 1980, under the state ideology of Marxist–Leninist atheism. From 1917 to 1939 During the Second World War Two months after his election on May 12, 1939, in ''Singolari Animi'', a papal letter to the Sacred Congregation of the Oriental Church, Pius XII reported again the persecutions of the Catholic faith in the Soviet Union. Three weeks later, while honouring the memory of Saint Vladimir on the 950th anniversary of his baptism, he welcomed Ruthenian priests and bishops and members of the Russian colony in Rome, and prayed for those who suffer in their country, awaiting with their tears the hour of the coming of the Lord. Suppression of Eastern Catholic Churches by Stalin Ruthenian Church After World War II, the Russian Orthodox Church was given some freedom by the atheist government of Joseph Stalin, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persecution Of Christians In The Soviet Union
Throughout the history of the Soviet Union (1922–1991), there were periods when Soviet authorities suppressed and persecuted various forms of Christianity to different extents depending on state interests. Soviet Marxist-Leninist policy consistently advocated the control, suppression, and ultimately, the elimination of religious beliefs, and it actively encouraged the propagation of Marxist-Leninist atheism in the Soviet Union. However, most religions were never officially outlawed. The state advocated the destruction of religion, and to achieve this goal, it officially denounced religious beliefs as superstitious and backward. Froese, Paul. "'I am an atheist and a Muslim': Islam, communism, and ideological competition." Journal of Church and State 47.3 (2005) The Communist Party destroyed churches, synagogues, and mosques, ridiculed, harassed, incarcerated and executed religious leaders, as part of the promotion of state atheism.Paul Froese. Forced Secularization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josyf Slipyj
Josyf Slipyi (, born as ; 17 February 1892 – 7 September 1984) was a Major Archbishop of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and a cardinal of the Catholic Church. Life Genealogy Josyf Slipyj's father, Joannes (Ivan) Slipyj, was born 17 February 1892 in Zazdrist (Polish: ) into a family of local Ukrainian farmers. His mother was Anastasia Dychkovska (born 27 January 1850), the daughter of Roman Dychkovski and Barbara Janisiewicz, also from Zazdrist. Both clans were well rooted in the village and can be traced there as far back as existing records allow. Interestingly, but not uncommon, one of Cardinal Josyf's great grandfathers, Adalberti Slominski, was of the Roman Catholic (Latin) rite. Cardinal Slipyj's older sister, Francisca, was also baptized in the Latin-rite by Rev. Martinus Serwacki on 17 February 1875. At the time the family was living at house #75, Zazdrist. Early years Josyf Slipyj was born in the village of Zazdrist (Terebovlia povit), Galicia (in moder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orientales Ecclesias
''Orientales ecclesias'' (December 15, 1952) is an encyclical of Pope Pius XII concerning the persecution of the Eastern Catholic Churches and describing the desperate situation of the faithful in Communist Bulgaria. Summary ''Orientales ecclesias'' reviews the efforts of the Holy See in improving relations with the Eastern Catholic Churches. Pope Pius XII mentions the naming of another Eastern Cardinal, Grégoire-Pierre Agagianian, and the reform of the Eastern Canon Law as two examples. But the most flourishing Christian communities are wiped out without trace these days. He does not know details except that many bishops and priests are deported to unknown destinations, to concentration camps and to jails, while some are under house arrest. In Bulgaria, Bishop Bossilkoff was executed with many others. The Pontiff writes this encyclical letter specifically after the arrest, brutal treatment and martyrdom of Bishop Eugene Bossilkov, ordinary of the diocese of Nicopoli. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communists
Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products in society based on need.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." A communist society entails the absence of private property and social classes, and ultimately money and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a libertarian socialist approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and an authoritarian socialist, vanguardist, or party-driven approach to establish a socialist state, which is expected to wither away. Communist parties have been described as ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communism
Communism () is a political sociology, sociopolitical, political philosophy, philosophical, and economic ideology, economic ideology within the history of socialism, socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products in society based on need.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." A communist society entails the absence of private property and social classes, and ultimately money and the State (polity), state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a Libertarian socialism, libertarian socialist approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and an authoritarian socialism, authoritarian socialist, vanguardis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sacro Vergente
, (also called ), is a 7 July 1952 Apostolic Letter of Pope Pius XII to all people of Russia, issued on the feast of saints Cyril and Methodius, "Apostles to the Slavs". In it the Pope consecrates all the people of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary. Content The Pope remembered that after he solemnly declared the Virgin Mary taken up into heaven, many wrote to him, asking that he may dedicate the whole Russian people to the Immaculate Heart of the Virgin. He was grateful for this request, since he had a special affection for the great people, who, while separated from him, continued to fight for its Christian identity with all means and great courage. The Pope reviews 1000 years of relations and difficulties and describes the humanitarian efforts of his predecessors, Pope Benedict XV and Pope Pius XI for the needy and hungry populations of the Soviet Union. During the war, he himself would not utter one word, which could have been used unfairly, and despite strong pressures, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hryhoriy Khomyshyn
Hryhoriy Khomyshyn (also ''Hryhorij Khomyshyn'', , ) was a Ukrainian Greek Catholic bishop and hieromartyr. Biography Khomyshyn was born on 25 March 1867 in the village of Hadynkivtsi, eastern Galicia, in what is now Ternopil Oblast."Biographies of twenty five Greek-Catholic Servants of God" at the website of the He graduated from Lviv and was a |
Theodore Romzha
Theodore George Romzha (; ; 14 April 1911 – 31 October 1947) was a Rusyn prelate who served as Bishop of the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo from 1944 to 1947. Assassinated by the NKVD, he was beatified as a martyr by Pope John Paul II on 27 June 2001. Early life Theodore Romzha was born on 14 April 1911 in Nagybocskó, a village in Subcarpathia, Austria-Hungary (today Velykyi Bychkiv, Ukraine), inhabited by Rusyns and Hungarians. In his baptism certificate, his name is recorded as Tivadar György. His father, Pavel Romzha, worked as an official of the railroad. His mother, born Maria Semack, was a full-time homemaker. Like many ambitious families in the region, the Romzhas spoke the Hungarian language at home. In the presence of others, however, they switched to the Rusyn language. After his graduation from the Gymnasium in Chust (today Khust), and with the help of Péter Gebé, Theodore left to study for the priesthood in Rome. He began as a seminarian at the Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasyl Velychkovsky
Vasyl Vsevolod Velychkovsky, CSsR (; June 1, 1903 – June 30, 1973) was a Ukrainian religious priest of the Redemptorists and a prelate of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. He is considered a martyr in the Catholic Church, due to his death in 1973 of injuries sustained while imprisoned by the Soviet Union for his faith. He was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 2001. Life Velychkovsky was born in Stanislaviv, in then-Austria-Hungary. In 1920, he entered the seminary in Lviv, then in Poland. In 1925, he took his first religious vows in the village of Holosko near Lviv in the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (better known as the Redemptorists) and was ordained a priest. As a priest-monk Vasyl Velychkovsky taught and preached in Volyn, a Ukrainian-majority province in interwar Poland. In 1942, he became abbot of the monastery in German-occupied Ternopil. Because of religious persecution by the Communist Soviet Union he was arrested in 1945 by the NKVD and sent to Kiev. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clement Sheptytsky
Klymentiy Sheptytsky (, ; 17 November 1869 – 1 May 1951) also known as Klymentiy of Univ () was the archimandrite of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Ukrainian Studite Monks, Order of Studite Monks and a hieromartyr. He was also the Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Russia, Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarch of Great Russia and Siberia. Klymentiy has been beatified by the Catholic Church, as well as awarded the title of Righteous Among the Nations by the State of Israel for saving Ukrainian Jew, Jewish lives during the Holocaust in Ukraine. Sheptytsky was arrested and died a political prisoner of the Soviet Union in the Vladimir Central Prison. Early life Sheptytsky was born as Kazimierz Maria Szeptycki on 17 November 1869 in the village of Prylbychi, Yavorich Region, near Lviv [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonid Feodorov
Leonid Ivanovich Feodorov (; 4 November 1879 – 7 March 1935) was a Studite hieromonk from the Russian Greek Catholic Church, the first Exarch of the Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Russia, and a survivor of the Gulag at Solovki prison camp. He was beatified at Lviv by Pope John Paul II on 27 June 2001. Early life Feodorov was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, on 4 November 1879, into a Russian Orthodox family. His father, Ivan Feodorovich Feodorov, was the son of a former State serf from Yaroslavl Governorate and had become the owner of the ''Malii Yaroslaviets'', a highly successful St. Petersburg restaurant, which was one of the centers of the Imperial capital's artistic, literary, and intellectual ferment during the Silver Age. The restaurant's regular patrons included poet and philosopher Vladimir Soloviev and a young Joseph Stalin, who, according to Simon Sebag Montefiore, more than once braved the risk of arrest during Tsarist secret police manhunts out of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potapy Emelianov
Potapy Emelianov Потапий Емельянов (c. 1889, Ufa Governorate, Russian Empire – 14 August 1936, Nadvoitsy, Segezhsky District, Karelian ASSR, USSR) was a Russian clergyman and Eastern Catholic martyr under Stalinism. Pyotr Emelianov was born and raised in a family of Priestless Old Believers, who were received by Bishop Antony Khrapovitsky. As a special protege of Khrapovitsky, Emelianov followed him, first to Volhynia and then to Kharkiv. Emelianov eventually became a monastic priest, or Hieromonk, of the Pochaiv Lavra, and took the monastic name of Potapy. Following the Russian Revolution, Emelianov was received by Exarch Leonid Feodorov into the Russian Greek Catholic Church and communion with the Holy See along with his entire Old Ritualist parish, which was located at Nizhnaya Bogdanovka, near Kadiivka in the Luhansk Oblast of modern Ukraine, in 1918. He was subjected three times to flogging at the insistence of local Orthodox priests, arrested repeate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
