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Earthquakes In The Philippines
The Philippines lies within the zone of complex interaction between several Plate tectonics, tectonic plates, involving multiple subduction, subduction zones and one large zone of strike-slip, all of which are associated with major earthquakes. Many intraplate earthquakes of smaller magnitude also occur very regularly due to the interaction between the major tectonic plates in the region. The largest historical earthquake in the Philippines was the 1918 Celebes Sea earthquake with . Tectonic setting Much of the Philippines lie within the area of strongly tectonised blocks of mainly island arc origin, known as the Philippine Mobile Belt. To the east, Philippine Sea plate is subducting beneath the mobile belt along the line of the Philippine Trench and the East Luzon Trench at the northern end of the belt. The convergence across this boundary is strongly oblique and the strike-slip component is accommodated by movement on the left lateral Philippine fault system. To the south of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tectonic Map Of Philippines
Tectonics ( via Latin ) are the processes that result in the structure and properties of the Earth's crust and its evolution through time. The field of ''planetary tectonics'' extends the concept to other planets and moons. These processes include those of orogeny, mountain-building, the growth and behavior of the strong, old cores of continents known as cratons, and the ways in which the relatively rigid tectonic plate, plates that constitute the Earth's outer shell interact with each other. Principles of tectonics also provide a framework for understanding the earthquake and volcanic belts that directly affect much of the global population. Tectonic studies are important as guides for economic geology, economic geologists searching for fossil fuels and ore deposits of metallic and nonmetallic resources. An understanding of tectonic principles can help geomorphology, geomorphologists to explain Erosion and tectonics, erosion patterns and other Earth-surface features. Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molucca Sea Plate
Located in the western Pacific Ocean near Indonesia, the Molucca Sea plate has been classified by scientists as a fully subducted microplate that is part of the Molucca Sea Collision Zone, Molucca Sea Collision Complex. The Molucca Sea plate represents the only known example of divergent double subduction (DDS), which describes the subduction on both sides of a single oceanic plate. Tectonic setting The Molucca Sea plate is one of many tectonic features that compose the Molucca Sea Collision Complex, which refers to the tectonic relationship of the Sangihe plate, Halmahera plate, and the Molucca Sea plate, in addition to the volcanic Halmahera Arc, Halmahera and Sangihe plate, Sangihe Arcs. The southeast moving Sangihe plate is situated along the western boundary of the Molucca Sea plate. The northwest moving Halmahera plate is situated along the eastern boundary of the Molucca Sea plate. In the western Pacific Ocean, the Molucca Sea is bordered by the Indonesian Islands of Cele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012 Samar Earthquake
An earthquake off the coast of Samar occurred on August 31, 2012, at 20:47 local time (12:47 UTC) in the Philippines. The populated islands of Visayas were struck by an earthquake of magnitude 7.6. The earthquake occurred at a depth of 45 km (27.9 miles). A tsunami warning was announced within the Pacific area and was lifted after two hours. The Philippine archipelago is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, where earthquakes and volcanic activity are common. Geology The Philippine Mobile Belt is between the Eurasia plate and the Philippine Sea plate. The Philippine Sea plate is subducting along the Philippine Trench in this region. At the latitude of the earthquake, the Philippine Sea plate moves in the WNW direction at a velocity of approximately 100 mm/yr with respect to the Sunda plate. This event was an intraplate earthquake greater than 50 kilometers to the east of the boundary of the Philippine Sea plate. This earthquake was unusual in that it occurred as a res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
December 2023 Mindanao Earthquake
On December 2, 2023, at 22:37 Philippine Standard Time, PST (14:37 Coordinated Universal Time, UTC), a moment magnitude () 7.6 earthquake occurred off the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. The shallow subduction earthquake killed at least three people and left 79 injured. Tectonic setting The Philippine Trench which runs east of the Philippine islands represents a major subduction zone where the Philippine Sea plate subducts westwards. At its southern portion, it runs north–south from the eastern coast of Mindanao to the northern part of Halmahera Island in Indonesia. The convergence rate along the trench varies from per year. Large earthquakes occurring along the Philippine Trench are limited in records although two large earthquakes were recorded in 1897 ( 7.3) and 1924 ( 8.2) with little seismological characteristics known. Some large intraslab earthquakes have been associated with the trench including the 7.6 normal-faulting earthquake of 1975 and a reverse-fault ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luzon
Luzon ( , ) is the largest and most populous List of islands in the Philippines, island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the List of islands of the Philippines, Philippine archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as well as Quezon City, the country's most populous city. With a population of 64 million , it contains 52.5% of the country's total population and is the List of islands by population, 4th most populous island in the world. It is the List of islands by area, 15th largest island in the world by land area. ''Luzon'' may also refer to one of the three primary Island groups of the Philippines, island groups in the country. In this usage, it includes the Luzon Mainland, the Batanes and Babuyan Islands, Babuyan groups of islands to the north, Polillo Islands to the east, and the outlying islands of Catanduanes, Marinduque and Mindoro, among others, to the south. The islands o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marikina Valley Fault System
The Marikina Valley fault system, also known as the Valley fault system (VFS), is a dominantly Sinistral and dextral, right-lateral strike-slip fault system in Luzon, Philippines. It extends from Doña Remedios Trinidad, Bulacan in the north, running through the Provinces of the Philippines, provinces of Rizal (province), Rizal, the Metro Manila Cities of the Philippines, cities of Quezon City, Quezon, Marikina, Pasig, Taguig and Muntinlupa, and the provinces of Cavite and Laguna (province), Laguna, before ending in Canlubang in the south. Fault segments The fault contains two major segments: the West Valley Fault (WVF) and the East Valley Fault (EVF). ;West Valley Fault The western segment, known as the ''West Valley Fault (WVF)'', is one of the two major fault segments of the Valley Fault System, which runs through the cities of Marikina, Quezon City, Pasig, Taguig and Muntinlupa in Metro Manila and moves in a dominantly Sinistral and dextral, dextral strike-slip motion. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mindanao
Mindanao ( ) is the List of islands of the Philippines, second-largest island in the Philippines, after Luzon, and List of islands by population, seventh-most populous island in the world. Located in the southern region of the archipelago, the island is part of an island group of the same name that also includes its adjacent islands, notably the Sulu Archipelago. According to the 2020 census, Mindanao had a population of 26,252,442, while the entire island group had an estimated population of 27,021,036. Mindanao is divided into six administrative regions: the Zamboanga Peninsula, Northern Mindanao, the Caraga region, the Davao Region, Davao region, Soccsksargen, and the autonomous region of Bangsamoro. According to the 2020 census, Davao City is the most populous city on the island, with 1,776,949 people, followed by Zamboanga City (pop. 977,234), Cagayan de Oro (pop. 728,402), General Santos (pop. 697,315), Butuan (pop. 372,910), Iligan (pop. 363,115) and Cotabato City (pop. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palawan Microcontinental Block
The subduction tectonics of the Philippines is the control of geology over the Philippine archipelago. The Philippine region is seismically active and has been progressively constructed by plates converging towards each other in multiple directions. The region is also known as the Philippine Mobile Belt due to its complex tectonic setting. The region is bounded by subduction zones, where surrounding oceanic plates to the east and west slide towards the centre of the Philippine archipelago. Subduction results in deep oceanic trenches, such as the Philippine Trench and Manila Trench, which bound the eastern and western sides of the Philippine archipelago, respectively. The Philippine archipelago is also cut along its length by a left-lateral strike-slip fault known as the Philippine Fault. Active subduction disturbs the Earth's crust, leading to volcanic activity, earthquakes, and tsunamis, making the Philippines one of the most geologically hazard-prone regions on Earth. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulu Trench
The Sulu Trench is an oceanic trench in the Pacific Ocean, located west of the islands of Mindanao and Sulu in the Philippines. The trench reaches a depth of about 5,600 metres (18,400 ft), in contrast with the average depth of the South China Sea of about 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). The trench formed when the Sunda Plate (part of the Eurasian Plate) subducted below the Philippine Mobile Belt. The convergent boundary terminates at the Negros Trench in the east. The Sulu Trench is not associated with frequent earthquakes, but hosts volcanoes south of the trench, such as Mount Malindang. Background The Sulu Trench was formed from subduction of the Eurasian Plate underneath the Philippine sea plate, which initiated during the Early Miocene (23.03-20.44 Million years ago). Historically, the trench was the site of a collision zone with the Palawan plate, which formed the Philippine Trench 8–9 million years ago. The trench is located southwest of the Visayas and north ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulu Sea
The Sulu Sea (; Tausug: ''Dagat sin Sūg''; ; ) is a body of water in the southwestern area of the Philippines, separated from the South China Sea in the northwest by Palawan and from the Celebes Sea in the southeast by the Sulu Archipelago. Borneo is found to the southwest and Visayas to the northeast. The Sulu Sea contains a number of islands. The Cuyo Islands and the Cagayan Islands are part of the province of Palawan whereas Mapun and the Turtle Islands are part of the province of Tawi-Tawi. Sulu Sea is also where the Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park, one of the World Heritage Sites is located. Panay Gulf is an extension of the Sulu Sea. Straits out of the Sulu Sea include the Iloilo Strait, the Guimaras Strait, and the Basilan Strait. Geography The sea's surface area is . The Pacific Ocean flows into Sulu Sea in northern Mindanao and between Sangihe talaud Archipelago, North Sulawesi. Extent The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oceanic Crust
Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of the tectonic plates. It is composed of the upper oceanic crust, with pillow lavas and a dike complex, and the lower oceanic crust, composed of troctolite, gabbro and ultramafic cumulates. The crust lies above the rigid uppermost layer of the mantle. The crust and the rigid upper mantle layer together constitute oceanic lithosphere. Oceanic crust is primarily composed of mafic rocks, or sima, which is rich in iron and magnesium. It is thinner than continental crust, or sial, generally less than 10 kilometers thick; however, it is denser, having a mean density of about 3.0 grams per cubic centimeter as opposed to continental crust which has a density of about 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter. The crust uppermost is the result of the cooling of magma derived from mantle material below the plate. The magma is injected into the spreading center, which consists mainly of a partly solidified crystal mush derive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cotabato Trench
The Cotabato Trench is an oceanic trench in the Pacific Ocean, off the southwestern coast of Mindanao in the Philippines. Along this trench the oceanic crust of the Sunda Plate beneath the Celebes Sea is being subducted beneath the Philippines Mobile Belt. It forms part of a linked set of trenches along the western side of the Philippines formed over east-dipping subduction zones, including the Manila Trench and the Negros Trench. At its northern end the rate of convergence across this boundary is about 100 mm per year. It is a relatively young structure, forming during the late Miocene to Pliocene. This age is consistent with the estimated age of the sedimentary rocks in the accretionary wedge associated with the trench and the age of adakitic arc rocks on Mindanao thought to date the onset of subduction. Seismicity The trench is associated with large megathrust earthquakes, including the 1918 Celebes Sea earthquake (M 8.3), the 1976 Moro Gulf earthquake (M 8.0) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
