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Earthquake Tax (Turkey)
The so-called earthquake tax (also officially known as special communications tax) was introduced in the aftermath of the earthquake in İzmit in 1999 during which over 17,000 people died. Initially introduced as a temporary tax, it became a permanent tax aimed at the prevention of earthquake-related damage. Establishment The earthquake tax was established in November 1999 during the government of Bülent Ecevit and was directed at cable TV, mobile calls, and messaging. With law No. 4481, taxes on income, vehicle, real estate, private communication and private transaction were added. In 2003 most of the taxes were abolished, but the private communication tax remained and became permanent. The tax was initially 7.5% on private communication, but over a presidential decree it was raised to 10% in early 2021. Aims and use With the taxes, buildings were to be prepared better for earthquakes. Telecommunications services were also meant to be improved. The Disaster and Emergency Mana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1999 İzmit Earthquake
An earthquake of moment magnitude 7.6 struck Kocaeli Province, Turkey on 17 August 1999. According to official figures, at least 18,373 people died and 48,901 people were injured during the earthquake, and 5,840 people were missing. At least 155 deaths were associated with the tsunami. The damage was estimated at between $12 billion and $20 billion (in 1999 U.S. dollars) according to various sources such as the World Bank. The earthquake was named for the epicenter's proximity to the northwestern city of İzmit. It occurred at 03:01 local time (00:01 UTC) at a shallow depth of . A maximum Mercalli intensity of X (''Extreme'') was observed. The earthquake lasted for 37 seconds, causing seismic damage, and is widely remembered as one of the deadliest natural disasters in modern Turkish history. The 1999 earthquake was part of a seismic sequence along the North Anatolian Fault that started in 1939, causing large earthquakes that moved progressively from east to west over a period ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
57th Government Of Turkey
The 57th government of Turkey (28 May 1999 – 18 November 2002) was a coalition government led by Bülent Ecevit Mustafa Bülent Ecevit (; 28 May 1925 – 5 November 2006) was a Turkish politician, statesman, poet, writer, scholar, and journalist. He served as the Prime Minister of Turkey four times between 1974 and 2002. He served as prime minister in 197 ... of Democratic Left Party (DSP). Background The number of seats gained by the most successful party in the elections held on 18 April 1999 was only 136 out of 550. Thus, at least three parties had to form the government. Ecevit asked Motherland Party (ANAP) and Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) to participate in the government. The government In the list below, the serving period of cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown in the column "Notes". The main reason for the excessive number of changes in the seats was the formation of a new party. A group of MPs split off from DSP to form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bülent Ecevit
Mustafa Bülent Ecevit (; 28 May 1925 – 5 November 2006) was a Turkish politician, statesman, poet, writer, scholar, and journalist. He served as the Prime Minister of Turkey four times between 1974 and 2002. He served as prime minister in 1974, 1977, 1978–1979, and 1999–2002. Ecevit was chairman of the Republican People's Party (CHP) between 1972 and 1980, and in 1987 he became chairman of the Democratic Left Party (Turkey), Democratic Left Party (DSP). Ecevit began his political career when he was elected a CHP MP from Ankara in the 1957 Turkish general election, 1957 election and came to prominence as Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Turkey), Minister of Labour in İsmet İnönü's cabinets, representing the rising left-wing faction of the party. Ecevit eventually became leader of the CHP in 1972; his leadership rejuvenated the party by reaching out to working class voters and cementing the party as "Left of Center (Turkey), Left of Center". Ecevit became prime mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bianet
Bianet (acronym for ) is an Independent news agency based in Beyoğlu, Istanbul. Focused on human rights in Turkey it is mainly funded by a Swedish organization. Bianet was established in January 2000 by journalists around , former representative of Reporters Without Borders, and left-wing activist Ertuğrul Kürkçü and is tied with Inter Press Service. It is mostly funded by the European Commission through the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR). Erol Önderoğlu served as the monitoring editor for Bianet for several years. His work for Bianet included quarterly reports on free speech in Turkey. A 2022 study said that it partly followed the principles of citizen journalism. It is active on social media. In collaboration with EIDHR and KAOS GL, an association that focuses on LGBT rights in Turkey, Bianet organized workshops between 2016 and 2018 in various cities concerning gender specific language in the mass media in Turkey. Controversies Access ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Monitor
''Al-Monitor'' is a news website launched in 2012 by the Arab-American entrepreneur Jamal Daniel. Based in Washington, D.C., ''Al-Monitor'' provides reporting and analysis from and about the Middle East. ''Al-Monitor'' is the recipient of the International Press Institute's 2014 Free Media Pioneer Award. History and organization ''Al-Monitor'' was launched on 13 February 2012 by Jamal Daniel. It was founded with the mission to foster a deeper understanding between the Middle East and the international community by diving deep with analytical pieces from some of the most trusted, independent authors from across the globe. In 2018, ''Al-Monitor'' partnered with North Base Media which was founded by former editor of ''The Washington Post'' and ''The Wall Street Journal'', Marcus Brauchli and Sasa Vucinic to manage ''Al-Monitor'' in order "to provide top-level operational and financial decision-making, and work with the company to explore possible content and commercial avenues ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Focus (German Magazine)
''Focus'' (stylized in all caps) is a German-language news magazine published by Hubert Burda Media. Established in 1993 as an alternative to the ''Der Spiegel'' weekly news magazine, since 2015 the editorial staff has been headquartered in Germany's capital of Berlin. Alongside Spiegel and Stern, Focus is one of the three most widely circulated German weeklies. The concept originated from Hubert Burda and Helmut Markwort, who went from being Editor-in-chief to become publisher in 2009 and since 2017 has been listed in the publication's masthead as founding editor-in-chief. As of March 2016 the editor-in-chief of ''Focus'' was Robert Schneider. History Under the code name "Zugmieze", work commenced on Focus in the summer of 1991. In October 1992, Hubert Burda Media announced plans for a new weekly news magazine. Observers initially gave the project only little chance for success. Several attempts of other publishers to establish a competitor to Spiegel and Stern magazines had p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidential Decree
A decree is a legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state, judge, royal figure, or other relevant authorities, according to certain procedures. These procedures are usually defined by the constitution, Legislative laws, or customary laws of a government. Belgium In Belgium, a decree is a law of a community or regional parliament, e.g. the Flemish Parliament. Catholic Church A decree (Latin: ''decretum'') in the usage of the canon law of the Catholic Church has various meanings. Any papal bull, brief, or motu proprio is a decree inasmuch as these documents are legislative acts of the pope. In this sense, the term is quite ancient. The Roman Congregations were formerly empowered to issue decrees in matters which come under their particular jurisdiction but were forbidden from continuing to do so under Pope Benedict XV in 1917. Each ecclesiastical province and also each diocese may issue decrees in their periodical synods within their sphere of authority. While in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disaster And Emergency Management Presidency
The Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (, also abbreviated as AFAD), ''reviewed in 10.11.2011'' also known as the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority, is a governmental agency operating under the Turkish . The organisation was established in 2009 to take necessary measures for effective emergency management and civil protection nationwide in Turkey. The presidency conducts pre-incident work, such as preparedness, mitigation and risk management, during-incident work such as respo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmet Şimşek
Mehmet Şimşek (born 1 January 1967) is a Turkish politician and economist, who has been serving as the List of Finance Ministers of Turkey, Minister of Treasury and Finance since 4 June 2023. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey from 24 November 2015 until the office's abolition on 9 July 2018. He previously served as the minister of finance from 2009 to 2015, in the cabinets of Prime Ministers of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Ahmet Davutoğlu. As a member of the Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party, he was elected as a Member of Parliament#Turkey, Member of Parliament for Gaziantep (electoral district), Gaziantep in the 2007 Turkish general election, 2007 general election and for Batman (electoral district), Batman in the 2011 Turkish general election, 2011 general election. In Prime Minister Erdoğan's Cabinet Erdoğan II, second cabinet (2007-2011), Şimşek became a minister of state responsible for the Economy of Turkey, economy upon his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gazete Duvar
Duvar was an online news portal which focuses mainly on Turkish politics. Duvar's headquarters are located in Sariyer Istanbul. History It was founded in 2016 by Vedat Zencir, the first conscientious objector in Turkey. Its current editor-in-chief is Ali Duran Topuz and it is described as reporting critically on the Turkish government. Several Academics for Peace who were dismissed from their work figure among its authors. Other journalists recruited were formerly employed by other Turkish media but dismissed due to their articles which criticized the Turkish government. Gazete Duvar was ordered several times to remove articles from the internet. In the past, Turkish judges have issued rulings which blocked access to certain articles it has published. In October 2019, Duvar launched a version in English, and its editor-in-chief is Cansu Çamlıbel, a former Washington D.C. correspondent for the Hürriyet newspaper. Its goal was to inform English speaking readers about even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2023 Turkey–Syria Earthquake
3 (three) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4, and is the smallest odd prime number and the only prime preceding a square number. It has religious and cultural significance in many societies. Evolution of the Arabic digit The use of three lines to denote the number 3 occurred in many writing systems, including some (like Roman and Chinese numerals) that are still in use. That was also the original representation of 3 in the Brahmic (Indian) numerical notation, its earliest forms aligned vertically. However, during the Gupta Empire the sign was modified by the addition of a curve on each line. The Nāgarī script rotated the lines clockwise, so they appeared horizontally, and ended each line with a short downward stroke on the right. In cursive script, the three strokes were eventually connected to form a glyph resembling a with an additional stroke at the bottom: ३. The Indian digits spread to the Caliphate in the 9th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republican People's Party
The Republican People's Party (RPP; , CHP ) is a Kemalism, Kemalist and Social democracy, social democratic political party in Turkey. It is the oldest List of political parties in Turkey, political party in Turkey, founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the List of presidents of Turkey, first president and founder of the modern Turkey, Republic of Türkiye. The party is also cited as the founding party of modern Turkey. Its logo consists of the The Six Arrows, Six Arrows, which represent the foundational principles of Kemalism: republicanism, reformism, Secularism in Turkey, laicism, populism, nationalism, and statism. It is currently the second largest party in Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Grand National Assembly with 135 MPs, behind the ruling conservative Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party (AKP). The political party has its origins in the various Association for Defence of National Rights, resistance groups founded during the Turkish W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
