|
Duplicate Bridge
Duplicate bridge is a variation of contract bridge where the same set of bridge deals (i.e., the distribution of the 52 cards among the four hands) are played by different competitors, and scoring is based on relative performance. In this way, every hand, whether strong or weak, is played in competition with others playing identical cards, and the element of skill is heightened while that of chance is reduced. This stands in contrast to Bridge played without duplication, where each hand is freshly dealt and where scores may be more affected by chance in the short run. Four-way card holders known as Board (bridge), bridge boards are used to enable each player's hand to be preserved from table to table, and final scores are calculated by comparing each pair's result with others who played the same hand. In duplicate bridge, players normally play all the hands with the same partner, and compete either as a partnership (in a 'Pairs tournament') or on a team with one or more other p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Deck
French-suited playing cards or French-suited cards are playing cards, cards that use the French Playing card suit, suits of (clovers or clubs ), (tiles or diamonds ), (hearts ), and (pikes or spades ). Each suit contains three or four face cards, face/court cards. In a standard 52-card deck these are the (jack (playing card), knave or jack), the (queen (playing card), lady or queen), and the (king (playing card), king). In addition, in Tarot packs, there is a (Knight (playing card), knight) ranking between the queen and the jack. Aside from these aspects, decks can include a wide variety of regional and national patterns, which often have stripped deck, different deck sizes. In comparison to Spanish playing cards, Spanish, Italian playing cards, Italian, German playing cards, German, and Swiss playing cards, French cards are the most widespread due to the geopolitical, commercial, and cultural influence of France, the United Kingdom, and the United States ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bye (sports)
In sport, a bye is the preferential status of a player or team that is automatically advanced to the next round of a tournament without having to play an opponent in an early round. In knockout (elimination) tournaments, byes may be assigned either to reward the highest ranked participant(s), or randomly, to make a working bracket if the number of participants is not a power of two (e.g. 16 or 32). In round-robin tournaments, usually one competitor gets a bye in each round when there are an odd number of competitors, as it is impossible for all competitors to play in the same round. However, over the whole tournament, each plays the same number of games as well as sitting out for the same number of rounds. The "Berger Tables" used by FIDE for chess tournaments, provide pairings for even numbered pools and simply state that "Where there is an odd number of players, the highest number counts as a bye." Similar to the round-robin context, in league sports with weekly regular-seaso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sacrifice (bridge)
In duplicate bridge, a sacrifice (a save in common usage) is a deliberate bid of a contract that is unlikely to make in the hope that the points will be less than the points likely to be gained by the opponents in making their contract. In rubber bridge, a sacrifice is an attempt to prevent the opponents scoring a game or rubber on the expectation that positive scores on subsequent deals will offset the negative score. Owing to the difference in the methods of scoring between duplicate and rubber bridge, a sacrifice bid in rubber bridge is much less likely to be advantageous and so strategies differ between the games. Comparable strategy differences exist between Matchpoints scoring and IMPs scoring games. Scoring context Sacrificing against game contracts In duplicate bridge scoring, if the opponents bid and make a game contract, it yields them 600 or 620 points when they are vulnerable and 400 or 420 points when they are not vulnerable, depending upon the and assuming no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contract Bridge Glossary
These terms are used in contract bridge, using duplicate or rubber scoring. Some of them are also used in whist, bid whist, the obsolete game auction bridge, and other trick-taking games. This glossary supplements the Glossary of card game terms. : ''In the following entries,'' boldface links ''are external to the glossary and'' plain links ''reference other glossary entries.'' 0–9 ;: A mnemonic for the original (Roman) response structure to the Roman Key Card Blackwood convention. It represents "3 or 0" and "1 or 4", meaning that the lowest step response (5) to the 4NT key card asking bid shows responder has three or zero keycards and the next step (5) shows one or four. ;: A mnemonic for a variant response structure to the Roman Key Card Blackwood convention. It represents "1 or 4" and "3 or 0", meaning that the lowest step response (5) to the 4NT key card asking bid shows responder has one or four keycards and the next step (5) shows three or zero. ;1RF: One round ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safety Play
Safety play in contract bridge is a generic name for plays in which declarer maximizes the chances for fulfilling the contract (or achieving a certain score) by ignoring a chance for a higher score. Declarer uses safety plays to cope with potentially unfavorable layouts of the opponent's cards. In so doing, declarer attempts to ensure the contract even in worst-case scenarios, by giving up the possibility of overtricks. Safety plays adapt declarer's strategy to the scoring system. In IMP-scoring tournaments and rubber bridge, the primary scoring reward comes from fulfilling the contract and overtricks are of little marginal value. Therefore, safety plays are an important part of declarer technique at quantitative scoring. In matchpoint games, which use comparative scoring, overtricks are very important. Therefore, although safety plays have a certain role at matchpoints, they are normally avoided if the odds for making the contract are good and overtricks are likely. Definit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bridge Convention
A bridge convention is an agreement about an artificial or a set of related artificial calls. Calls made during the auction phase of a contract bridge game convey information about the player's card holdings. Calls may be " natural" (that is, are based on a holding of the suit bid, or a balanced distribution in the case of a notrump bid) or "" (show a feature unrelated to the named denomination). Purpose Contract bridge is a trick-taking card game played by four players in two competing partnerships in which a sequence of , also known as the auction, precedes the play of the cards. The purpose of this bidding is for players to inform their partners of the content of their hand and to arrive at a suitable contract at which to play the hand (or to prevent the opponents from arriving at a suitable contract). Although bidding is often "natural" (describing a hand by simple reference to possession, shape, and strength of the named suit), players may also bid using conventions, which a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Signal (bridge)
A (bridge) signal is a move in the card game of contract bridge in which partners defending against a contract play particular cards in a manner which gives a coded meaning or ''signal'' to guide their subsequent card play. This may also be referred to as ''carding''. Signals are usually given with the cards from the two-spot to the nine-spot. There are three types of signals: * attitude signals – the most frequently used, to encourage or discourage continuation of the suit led by partner * count signals – showing either an even or odd number of cards held in the suit led and * suit preference signals – the least frequently used, indicating partiality for a specific side suit. The methods used for each type of signal have evolved over time and fall into two broad categories: * standard signals, where a high card or one followed by a lower card is encouraging when it is an attitude signal or shows an even number of cards when it is a count signal; and * reverse (upside-down) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bidding System
A bidding system in contract bridge is the set of agreements and understandings assigned to calls and sequences of calls used by a partnership, and includes a full description of the meaning of each treatment and convention. The purpose of bidding is for each partnership to ascertain which contract, whether made or defeated and whether bid by them or by their opponents, would give the partnership their best scoring result. Each bidding system ascribes a meaning to every possible call by each member of a partnership, and presents a codified language which allows the players to exchange information about their card holdings. The vocabulary of is limited to 38 different calls - 35 level/denomination ''bids''A bid consists of two components — the level in range of 1-7, and one of five denominations: clubs (), diamonds (), hearts (), spades () and notrump (NT) plus ''pass'', ''double'' and ''redouble''. Any bid becomes a contract if followed by three successive passes, therefore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matchpoint Scoring
While a deal of Contract Bridge, bridge is always played following a unique set of rules, its scoring may vary depending on the type of event the deal is played on. There are two main categories of scoring: rubber bridge, rubber and Duplicate bridge, duplicate. Rubber scoring, and its popular variant Chicago (bridge card game), Chicago, are mostly used in social play. Duplicate scoring is focused on tournament competition and has many variations that compare and rank the relative performance of partnerships and teams playing the same deals as their competitors. Terminology The following terms and concepts, defined in the glossary of contract bridge terms, are essential to understanding bridge scoring: * * * * * or Made * * * and grand slam * *Undoubled, and *, and Scoring elements Bridge scoring consists of six to eight elements, depending on the variant. The method of accumulation of contract points toward a "game" varies, too. However, a "game" is always triggered whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IMP Scoring
IMP or imp may refer to: * Imp, a fantasy creature Arts and entertainment Music * IMP (band) a Japanese boy band Fictional characters * Imp (She-Ra), a character in ''She-Ra: Princess of Power'' * Imp a character in '' Artemis Fowl: The Lost Colony'' * Imp, a character in the '' Clan Destine'' series of Marvel Comics * Imp, nickname of Tyrion Lannister, a character from ''A Song of Ice and Fire'' series Games * International Match Points, in contract bridge * Imp, a small Zombie that can appear randomly in '' Plants vs. Zombies'' * Imp (''Dungeons & Dragons''), a type of fictional lower level devil in the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' role-playing game * Imp (''Shattered Galaxy''), an infantry Unit in the MMORPG ''Shattered Galaxy'' * Imp, fire and ice enemies in the video game '' Hexen II'' * Imp, enemy in the video game '' Doom'' series * Imp, popular pet used by Warlocks in ''World of Warcraft'' * Imp, monster enemy in ''Geist'' * Imp, worker units in RTS ''Dungeon Keepe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caddy (bridge)
In duplicate bridge, a caddy is an assistant to the tournament director A tournament director (TD) is an official at a competitive sporting or gaming event, who typically perform a number of key functions. The extent of the tournament director's duties varies depending on the size of the tournament, the nature of the ... with primary responsibility for: # collecting (score slips) after each round where required by the event format, and # moving boards between tables. In addition, the caddy dresses the tables (putting out the boards, electronic scoring devices or score slips, pencils and private score sheets), picks up player entry forms and generally assists the Director as required. References Contract bridge card play {{Card-game-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Single-elimination Tournament
A single-elimination knockout, or sudden-death tournament is a type of elimination tournament where the loser of a match-up is immediately eliminated from the tournament. Each winner will play another in the next round, until the final match-up, whose winner becomes the tournament champion(s). Some match-ups may be a single match or several, for example two-legged ties in European sports or best-of series in North American pro sports. Defeated competitors may play no further part after losing, or may participate in "consolation" or "classification" matches against other losers to determine the lower final rankings; for example, a third place playoff between losing semi-finalists. In a shootout poker tournament, there are more than two players competing at each table, and sometimes more than one progresses to the next round. Some competitions are held with a pure single-elimination tournament system. Others have many phases, with the last being a single-elimination final stage, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
