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Dukes Of Urbino
The Duchy of Urbino () was an independent duchy in early modern central Italy, corresponding to the northern half of the modern region of Marche. It was directly annexed by the Papal States in 1631. It was bordered by the Adriatic Sea in the east, the Republic of Florence in the west and the Papal States in the south. In 1523 the capital was moved from Urbino to Pesaro. After the short rule by Cesare Borgia in 1502–08, the dukedom went to the della Rovere papal family, who held it until 1625, when Pope Urban VIII annexed it to the Papal States as ' (later '). History The papal nomination transformed the county of Urbino, established in 1213, into a duchy governed by the House of Montefeltro. In fact, it was Pope Eugene IV, in 1443, who appointed Oddantonio da Montefeltro as the first Duke of Urbino. However, he reigned for less than a year, from 1443 to 1444, before being assassinated. His older half-brother Federico therefore took power, one of the greatest princes on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oddantonio Da Montefeltro
Oddantonio da Montefeltro (1428 – 22 July 1444) was the first duke of Urbino in Italy. Oddantonio succeeded his father Guidantonio da Montefeltro, Guidantonio as count of Urbino. He was the half-brother of Federico III da Montefeltro, Federico da Montefeltro. The testamentary division of the county between Oddantonio and Federico is not known; nor is the relationship between the two. However, it has been suggested that Federico provided at least some financial support to his brother via his activity as condottiero. On 25 April 1443, at the age of sixteen, in a ceremony in Siena the Pope Eugene IV made him Duke of Urbino as a reward for his support in the war against the Sforza in the Marche.* Oddantonio exhausted the treasury of the small state with his excessive lifestyle (he is reported to have held extravagant parties, some lasting over 15 days), and consequently had to exert heavy taxes over the duchy. He also sought the support of their arch-enemies, the House of Malatesta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cesare Borgia
Cesare Borgia (13 September 1475 – 12 March 1507) was a Cardinal (Catholic Church)#Cardinal_deacons, cardinal deacon and later an Italians, Italian ''condottieri, condottiero''. He was the illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI of the Aragonese people, Aragonese House of Borgia and was a sibling to Lucrezia Borgia. After initially entering the Church and becoming a cardinal on his father's election to the papacy, he resigned his diaconal profession after the death of his brother in 1498. He was employed as a ''condottiero'' for King Louis XII of France around 1500, and occupied both Milan and Naples during the Italian Wars. At the same time, he carved out a state for himself in Central Italy, but he was unable to retain power for long after his father's death. His quest for political power was a major inspiration for ''The Prince'' by the renowned Florence, Florentine historian, Niccolò Machiavelli. Early life Like many aspects of Cesare Borgia's life, the date of his birth i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battista Sforza
Battista Sforza (14466 or 7 July 1472) was the Duchess of Urbino in 1460-1472 as the second wife of Federico da Montefeltro. She acted as regent during her husband's absences from Urbino. Biography Battista was the first legitimate child born to Alessandro Sforza, lord of Pesaro, and Costanza da Varano (14281447), the eldest daughter of Piergentile Varano (d. 1433), Lord of Camerino, and Elisabetta Malatesta. In 1447, Costanza died after giving birth to her second child, a son called Costanzo (d. 1483), when Battista was 18 months old. After the death of their mother Battista and Costanzo, together with their illegitimate half-sisters Ginevra (14401507) and Antonia (14451500), moved to the court of their paternal uncle Francesco Sforza and his wife Bianca Maria Visconti where they were brought up alongside their cousins. Battista and her cousin Ippolita Maria received a humanist education and the former was fluent in Greek and Latin, giving her first Latin public speech at th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francesco Di Giorgio Martini
Francesco di Giorgio Martini (1439–1501) was an Italian architect, engineer, painter, sculptor, and writer. As a painter, he belonged to the Sienese School. He was considered a visionary architectural theorist—in Nikolaus Pevsner's terms: "one of the most interesting later Quattrocento architects". As a military engineer, he executed architectural designs and sculptural projects and built almost seventy fortifications for the Federico da Montefeltro, Count (later Duke) of Urbino, building city walls and early examples of star-shaped fortifications. Born in Siena, he apprenticed as a painter with Vecchietta. In panels painted for '' cassoni'' he departed from the traditional representations of joyful wedding processions in frieze-like formulas to express visions of ideal, symmetrical, vast and all but empty urban spaces rendered in perspective. He composed an architectural treatis''Trattato di architettura, ingegneria e arte militare'' the third of the Quattrocento, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justus Van Gent
Justus van Gent or Joos van Wassenhove () was an Early Netherlandish painter, perhaps from Ghent, who after training and working in Flanders later moved to Italy where he worked for Federico da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino, and was known as Giusto da Guanto, or in modern Italian Giusto di Gand etc. The artist is known for his religious compositions executed in the early Netherlandish idiom and a series of portraits of famous men, which show the influence of early Italian Renaissance painting.Paula Nuttall. "Justus of Ghent." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 25 July 2014 Life Very little is known about the early life of Joos van Wassenhove. It is believed that the artist referred to by Vasari and Lodovico Guicciardini, Guicciardini as 'Giusto da Guanto' (i.e. 'Justus of Ghent') is the painter Joos van Wassenhove, who became a member of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1460 and a freemaster in the Ghent painters' guild in 1464. While in Ghent, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luca Della Robbia
Luca della Robbia (, also , ; 1399/1400–1482) was an Italian Renaissance sculptor from Florence. Della Robbia is noted for his colorful, tin-glazed terracotta statuary, a technique that he invented and passed on to his nephew Andrea della Robbia and great-nephews Giovanni della Robbia and Girolamo della Robbia. Although a leading sculptor in stone, after developing his technique in the early 1440s he worked primarily in terracotta. His large workshop produced both less expensive works cast from molds in multiple versions, and more expensive one-off individually modeled pieces. The vibrant, polychrome glazes made his creations both more durable and more expressive. His work is noted for its charm rather than the drama of the work of some of his contemporaries. Two of his famous works are ''The Nativity'' () and ''Madonna and Child'' (). In stone, his most famous work is also his first major commission, the choir gallery, ''Cantoria'' in the Florence Cathedral (1431–1438 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedro Berruguete
Pedro Berruguete (c. 1450 – 1504) was a Spanish painter whose art is regarded as a transitional style between Gothic art, Gothic and Renaissance art. Berruguete most famously created paintings of the first few years of the Inquisition and of religious imagery for Castilian retablos. He is considered by some as the first Renaissance painter in Spain. He was the father of Alonso Berruguete, considered the most important sculptor of the Spanish Renaissance. Because of the fame accrued by Alonso, Pedro Berruguete is sometimes referred to as Berruguete el Viejo ("Berruguete the Elder") to differentiate between the two. It is speculated that Pedro travelled to Italy in 1480 and worked in the court of Federico III da Montefeltro in Urbino, where he could have seen some works by Melozzo da Forlì. The ''Portrait of Federico da Montefeltro with His Son Guidobaldo'' (c. 1475), now at the Galleria nazionale delle Marche, has been attributed to Berruguete by some art historians but the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paolo Uccello
Paolo Uccello ( , ; 1397 – 10 December 1475), born Paolo di Dono, was an Italian Renaissance painter and mathematician from Florence who was notable for his pioneering work on visual Perspective (graphical), perspective in art. In his book ''Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects'', Giorgio Vasari wrote that Uccello was obsessed by his interest in perspective and would stay up all night in his study trying to grasp the exact vanishing point. Uccello used perspective to create a feeling of depth in his paintings. His best known works are the The Battle of San Romano, three paintings representing the battle of San Romano, which were wrongly entitled the ''Battle of Sant'Egidio of 1416'' for a long period of time. Paolo worked in the International Gothic, Late Gothic tradition, emphasizing colour and pageantry rather than the classical realism that other artists were pioneering. His style is best described as idiosyncratic, and he left no school of followers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piero Della Francesca
Piero della Francesca ( , ; ; ; – 12 October 1492) was an Italian Renaissance painter, Italian painter, mathematician and List of geometers, geometer of the Early Renaissance, nowadays chiefly appreciated for his art. His painting is characterized by its serene humanism, its use of geometric forms and Perspective (graphical), perspective. His most famous work is the cycle of frescoes ''The History of the True Cross'' in the Basilica of San Francesco, Arezzo, Basilica of San Francesco in the Tuscany, Tuscan town of Arezzo. Biography Early years Piero was born Piero di Benedetto in the town of Sansepolcro, Borgo Santo Sepolcro, modern-day Tuscany, to Benedetto de' Franceschi, a tradesman, and Romana di Perino da Monterchi, members of the Florentine and Tuscan Franceschi noble family. His father died before his birth, and he was called Piero della Francesca after his mother, who was referred to as "la Francesca" due to her marriage into the Franceschi family (similar to Lisa d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leon Battista Alberti
Leon Battista Alberti (; 14 February 1404 – 25 April 1472) was an Italian Renaissance humanist author, artist, architect, poet, Catholic priest, priest, linguistics, linguist, philosopher, and cryptography, cryptographer; he epitomised the nature of those identified now as polymaths. He is considered the founder of European cryptography, a claim he shares with Johannes Trithemius. He is often considered primarily an architect. However, according to James Beck, "to single out one of Leon Battista's 'fields' over others as somehow functionally independent and self-sufficient is of no help at all to any effort to characterize Alberti's extensive explorations in the fine arts". Although Alberti is known mostly as an artist, he was also a mathematician and made significant contributions to that field. Among the most famous buildings he designed are the churches of San Sebastiano (1460) and Sant'Andrea (1472), both in Mantua. Alberti's life was told in Giorgio Vasari's ''Lives of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federico Da Montefeltro
Federico da Montefeltro, also known as Federico III da Montefeltro Order of the Garter, KG (7 June 1422 – 10 September 1482), was one of the most successful mercenary captains (''condottiero, condottieri'') of the Italian Renaissance, and Duke of Urbino, lord of Urbino from 1444 (as Duke from 1474) until his death. A renowned intellectual Renaissance Humanist, humanist and civil leader in Urbino on top of his impeccable reputation for martial skill and honour, he commissioned the construction of a great library, perhaps the largest of Italy after the Vatican, with his own team of scribes in his scriptorium, and assembled around him a large humanistic court in the Ducal Palace, Urbino, Ducal Palace, Urbino, designed by Luciano Laurana and Francesco di Giorgio Martini. Biography Federico was born in Castello di Petroia in Gubbio. Guidantonio da Montefeltro, lord of Urbino, Gubbio and Casteldurante, and Duke of Spoleto acknowledged Federico as his illegitimate son. Two years lat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Montefeltro
The House of Montefeltro is a historical Italians, Italian family who ruled Urbino and Gubbio and became Duchy of Urbino, Dukes of Urbino in 1443. The family extinguished in the male line in 1508 and the duchy was inherited by the Della Rovere family. History The family was a branch of the Lords of Carpegna, just like its longtime opponents, the House of Malatesta, the Signoria, signori of Rimini. Around 1140, Antonio (d. 1184?), by distribution among heirs with his brothers, received the castle of Montecopiolo and later acquired the castle of San Leo (situated on the rock ''mons feretrius'' that gave its name to the region of Montefeltro). Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, made Antonio imperial vicar for the town of Urbino in 1155, thus claiming it to be a fief of the Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire) although the Papal States had an older claim to it. Antonio's son, Montefeltrano I (c. 1135-1202), also vicar of Urbino, became count of Montefeltro. In 1226, the latter's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
