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Duke Huan Of Jin
Duke Huan of Jin (), personal name Ji Qi, was from 388 BC to 369 BC the duke of the Jin state. The ''Records of the Grand Historian'' refers to him as Duke Xiao of Jin (晉孝公). Final ruler of Jin Duke Huan succeeded his father, Duke Lie of Jin, who died in 389 BC. By then the once powerful state of Jin had been existing in name only, as virtually all of its territory had been partitioned into the states of Han, Zhao, and Wei, founded by the aristocratic clans of Jin. The ''Bamboo Annals'' mentions that in the 20th year of Duke Huan's reign (369 BC), Marquess Cheng of Zhao and Marquess Gong of Han moved Duke Huan to Tunliu, and after that there were no more records of Duke Huan or any other Jin ruler. Modern historians such as Yang Kuan, Ch'ien Mu, and Han Zhaoqi consider 369 BC the final year of Duke Huan and the State of Jin. Account in ''Shiji'' The ''Records of the Grand Historian'' (''Shiji''), on the other hand, says Duke Xiao reigned for 17 years and was succeeded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jin (Chinese State)
Jin (, Old Chinese: ''*''), originally known as Tang (唐), was a major Ancient Chinese states, state during the middle part of the Zhou dynasty, based near the centre of what was then China, on the lands attributed to the legendary Xia dynasty: the southern part of modern Shanxi. Although it grew in power during the Spring and Autumn period, its aristocratic structure saw it break apart when the duke lost power to his nobles. In 403BC, the Zhou court recognized Jin's three successor states: Han (Warring States), Han, Zhao (state), Zhao, and Wei (state), Wei. The Partition of Jin marks the end of the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring States period. Geography Jin was located in the lower Fen River drainage basin on the Shanxi plateau. To the north were the Xirong and Beidi peoples. To the west were the Lüliang Mountains and then the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi. To the southwest the Fen River turns west to join the south-flowing part of the Yello ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wei (state)
Wei (; ) was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It was created from the three-way Partition of Jin, together with Han and Zhao. Its territory lay between the states of Qin and Qi and included parts of modern-day Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, and Shandong. After its capital was moved from Anyi to Daliang (present-day Kaifeng) during the reign of King Hui, Wei was also called Liang (). Not to be confused with the Wey state 衞, which is still sometimes only differentiated by its Chinese character in scholarship. History Foundation Surviving sources trace the ruling house of Wei to the Zhou royalty: Gao, Duke of Bi (), was a son of King Wen of Zhou. His descendants took their surname, Bi, from his fief. Bi Wan () served the Jin, where he became a courtier of Duke Xian's. After a successful military expedition, Bi Wan was granted Wei, from which his own descendants then founded the house of Wei. Spring and Autumn period Jin's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhou Dynasty
The Zhou dynasty ( ) was a royal dynasty of China that existed for 789 years from until 256 BC, the longest span of any dynasty in Chinese history. During the Western Zhou period (771 BC), the royal house, surnamed Ji, had military control over territories centered on the Wei River valley and North China Plain. Even as Zhou suzerainty became increasingly ceremonial over the following Eastern Zhou period (771–256 BC), the political system created by the Zhou royal house survived in some form for several additional centuries. A date of 1046 BC for the Zhou's establishment is supported by the Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project and David Pankenier, but David Nivison and Edward L. Shaughnessy date the establishment to 1045 BC. The latter Eastern Zhou period is itself roughly subdivided into two parts. During the Spring and Autumn period (), power became increasingly decentralized as the authority of the royal house diminished. The Warring States ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Of Wei
Wei (; ) was one of the seven major State (Ancient China), states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It was created from the three-way Partition of Jin, together with Han (Warring States), Han and Zhao (state), Zhao. Its territory lay between the states of Qin (state), Qin and Qi (state), Qi and included parts of modern-day Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, and Shandong. After its capital was moved from Xia County, Anyi to Kaifeng#History, Daliang (present-day Kaifeng) during the reign of King Hui of Wei, King Hui, Wei was also called Liang (). Not to be confused with the Wey (state), Wey state 衞, which is still sometimes only differentiated by its Chinese character in scholarship. History Foundation Surviving sources trace the ruling house of Wei to the Zhou royalty: Gao, Duke of Bi (), was a son of King Wen of Zhou. His descendants took their Chinese surname, surname, Bi (surname), Bi, from his fengjian, fief. Bi Wan () served the Jin (Chinese state), Jin, where he be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Xiang Of Wei
King Xiang of Wei (; died 296 BC), personal name Wei Si (), was king of the Wei state from 318 BC to 296 BC. He was the son of King Hui. In 318 BC, at the suggestion of the Wei minister Gongsun Yan, he entered into an alliance against the Qin state created by King Huai of Chu which also included the states of Zhao, Han and Yan. Chu then betrayed this alliance. In 317 BC, at the suggestion of chancellor Zhang Yi, King Xiang entered into an alliance with Qin. To punish Chu for its betrayal of the five-state alliance, King Xiang sent an army in 312 BC to attack the city of Dengcheng in Chu (modern-day Shangshui County, Zhoukou, Henan Province). Wei itself was attacked by the Qi state in 310 BC, and King Xiang met King Wu of Qin at Linjin (modern-day Linyi County, Yuncheng, Shanxi Province). In 308 BC, the two kings met again at Yingcheng (modern-day part of Xiaogan, Hubei) to plan an attack on Han. In 306 BC, after the death of King Wu of Qin, Wei's alliance with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ch'ien Mu
Ch'ien Mu or Qian Mu (; 30 July 1895 – 30 August 1990) was a Chinese historian, philosopher and writer. He is considered to be one of the greatest historians and philosophers of 20th-century China. Ch'ien, together with Lü Simian, Chen Yinke and Chen Yuan, was known as the "Four Greatest Historians of Modern China" (). Life Early life: Jiangsu, Beijing Ch'ien Mu was born in Qifang Qiao Village (, ) in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. He was from the prestigious Qian (Ch'ien) family in Wuxi, with his ancestor said to be Qian Liu (852–932), founder of the Wuyue Kingdom (907–978) during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Ch'ien's biographer Jerry Dennerlien described his childhood world as the "small peasant cosmos" of rituals, festivals, and beliefs held the family system together. He received little formal education, but gained his knowledge on Chinese history and culture through traditional family school education and continuous self-study. At eighteen years old, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yang Kuan
Yang Kuan (1914 − September 1, 2005), styled Kuanzheng (寬正), was a Chinese historian specializing in pre-Qin dynasty Chinese history. He is considered an authority of the Warring States period, and his ''History of the Warring States'', first published in 1955, remains the most authoritative treatment of the subject. Early life and education Yang Kuan was born in Qingpu County, Jiangsu Province (now Qingpu District of Shanghai) in 1914. He attended the prestigious Suzhou High School, whose teachers included famous scholars Lü Shuxiang and Ch'ien Mu, one of the greatest historians of modern China. After high school Yang attended Kwang Hua University in Shanghai − a predecessor of today's East China Normal University − and graduated in 1936 with a degree in Chinese. At Kwang Hua he also studied history under the prominent historian Lü Simian. Doubting Antiquity School Yang Kuan gained fame at a young age. In 1933, aged 19, he published his first essay ''Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunliu
Tunliu () is a district of the city of Changzhi, Shanxi province, China. Lord Chang'an, Chengjiao, brother of Qin Shi Huang Qin Shi Huang (, ; February 25912 July 210 BC), born Ying Zheng () or Zhao Zheng (), was the founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of China. He is widely regarded as the first ever supreme leader of a unitary state, unitary d ..., died here. Climate References www.xzqh.org County-level divisions of Shanxi Changzhi {{Shanxi-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marquess Gong Of Han
Marquess Gong of Han (; died 363 BC), personal name Han Ruoshan (韓若山), was the ruler of the Han state from 374 BC until his death in 363 BC. He was the son of Marquess Ai, whom he succeeded. After Marquess Ai was killed, the nobles supported Marquess Gong to be the next ruler of Han. After Marquess Gong died due to illness in 363 BC, the throne then passed to Marquess Xi (韓釐侯), another son of Marquess Ai. References 360s BC deaths Zhou dynasty nobility Monarchs of Han (Warring States) Year of birth unknown {{China-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marquess Cheng Of Zhao
Marquess Cheng of Zhao (?–350 BCE), personal name Zhao Zhong, was a marquess of the Zhao state. He was the son of Marquess Jing, whom he succeeded. In 372 BCE, Marquess Cheng built a wooden lookout tower, known as a "tantai" (檀臺) at Xingdi (modern-day Xingtai City, Hebei Province) facing the other Warring States; because of the structure, the location later took on the name "Xingtai". General Pang Juan of the Wei state brought troops and surrounded the Zhao capital Handan in 353 BCE in preparation for an attack. The Qi state sent envoys Tian Ji and Sun Bin along with troops to assist the Zhao state and they later defeated the forces of Wei at the Battle of Guiling. Afterwards, in the twenty-fourth year of his reign (351 BCE), Marquess Cheng forced King Hui of Wei King Hui of Wei (; 400–319 BC), also known as King Hui of Liang (), personal name Wei Ying, was a monarch of the Wei (state), Wei state, reigning from 369 BC to 319 BC. He initially ruled as marquess, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhao (state)
Zhao () was one of the seven major State (Ancient China), states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It emerged from the Partition of Jin, tripartite division of Jin, along with Han (Warring States), Han and Wei (state), Wei, in the 5th century BC. Zhao gained considerable strength from the military reforms initiated during the reign of King Wuling of Zhao, King Wuling, but suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Qin (state), Qin at the Battle of Changping. Its territory included areas in the modern provinces of Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi. It bordered the states of Qin, Wei, and Yan (state), Yan, as well as various nomadic peoples including the Donghu people, Hu and Xiongnu. Its capital was Handan, in modern Hebei province. Zhao was home to the Chinese Legalism, administrative philosopher Shen Dao, Confucian Xun Kuang, and Gongsun Long, who is affiliated to the school of names. Origins and ascendancy The Zhao (surname), Zhao clan within Jin ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Lie Of Jin
Duke Lie of Jin (), personal name Ji Zhi, was a duke of the Jin state.After his father Duke You died in 416 BC, Marquess Wen of Wei installed Duke Lie on the Jin throne. Since 453 BC, Jin had already been partitioned into three ''de facto'' states: Han, Zhao, and Wei. The only territories under Jin's control were the capitals, Jiang and Quwo. In 403 BC, during Duke Lie's reign, King Weilie of Zhou officially proclaimed the rulers of Han, Zhao, and Wei ''zhuhou Ancient Chinese states () were dynastic polities of China within and without the Zhou cultural sphere prior to Qin's wars of unification. They ranged in size from large estates, to city-states to much vaster territories with multiple population ...''. Duke Lie reigned for 27 years. He died in 389 BC and was succeeded by his son, Duke Huan. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Lie of Jin, Duke Year of birth unknown Monarchs of Jin (Chinese state) 5th-century BC Chinese monarchs 4th-century BC Chinese monarc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
