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Dugesia Absoloni
''Dugesia'' is a genus of freshwater planarians in the family Dugesiidae triclads and the type genus of this family. These common flatworms are found in freshwater habitats of Africa, Eurasia, and Australia. ''Dugesia'' is best known to non-specialists because of its regeneration capacities. Description ''Dugesia'' species have an elongated body with a slightly triangle-shaped head. They often have grey, brown, or black dorsal color, whereas the ventral surface is usually paler. These animals have a couple of eyes constituted by a multicellular pigmented cup with many retinal cells to detect the amount of light in the nearby environment. Sometimes they present supernumerary eyes. At the anterior part of the body, behind the eye level, they have a pair of structures called auricles that give the triangle look to the 'head' and allow them to detect the intensity of water current. These auricles are free of pigment and rhabdites. Each side of the anterior margin of the head has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dugesia Subtentaculata
''Dugesia subtentaculata'' is a species of planarian that inhabits the freshwater of Southern France, several localities on the Iberian Peninsula (including Catalonia), Mallorca, Morocco and Algeria. In 1986 De Vries designated a neotype for ''D. subtentaculata'' after the original type material was lost. She also synonymized the species ''D. iberica'', described from Mallorca and Iberian Peninsula, with ''D. subtentaculta''. Both the neotype and the holotype are from the surroundings of Montpellier Montpellier (; ) is a city in southern France near the Mediterranean Sea. One of the largest urban centres in the region of Occitania (administrative region), Occitania, Montpellier is the prefecture of the Departments of France, department of ..., from a locality where asexual specimens of ''D. subtentaculata'' and sexual individuals of '' D. gonocephala'' are found living together. Phylogeny ''Dugesia subtentaculata'' is related to other European ''Dugesia'' species. Howeve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a complex life cycle in which a gamete ( haploid reproductive cells, such as a sperm or egg cell) with a single set of chromosomes combines with another gamete to produce a zygote that develops into an organism composed of cells with two sets of chromosomes ( diploid). This is typical in animals, though the number of chromosome sets and how that number changes in sexual reproduction varies, especially among plants, fungi, and other eukaryotes. In placental mammals, sperm cells exit the penis through the male urethra and enter the vagina during copulation, while egg cells enter the uterus through the oviduct. Other vertebrates of both sexes possess a cloaca for the release of sperm or egg cells. Sexual reproduction is the most common life cycle in multicellular eukaryotes, such as animals, fungi and plants. Sexual reproduction also occurs in some unicellular eukaryotes. Sexual reproduction does not occur in pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dugesia Ryukyuensis
''Dugesia'' is a genus of freshwater planarians in the family Dugesiidae triclads and the type genus of this family. These common flatworms are found in freshwater habitats of Africa, Eurasia, and Australia. ''Dugesia'' is best known to non-specialists because of its regeneration capacities. Description ''Dugesia'' species have an elongated body with a slightly triangle-shaped head. They often have grey, brown, or black dorsal color, whereas the ventral surface is usually paler. These animals have a couple of eyes constituted by a multicellular pigmented cup with many retinal cells to detect the amount of light in the nearby environment. Sometimes they present supernumerary eyes. At the anterior part of the body, behind the eye level, they have a pair of structures called auricles that give the triangle look to the 'head' and allow them to detect the intensity of water current. These auricles are free of pigment and rhabdites. Each side of the anterior margin of the head has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dugesia Japonica
''Dugesia japonica'' is a species of freshwater planarian that inhabits freshwater bodies of East Asia, including Japan, Korea, Taiwan, China and north-eastern Siberia. However, molecular studies suggest that ''Dugesia japonica'' is polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as Homoplasy, homoplasies ... and different populations across its area of occurrence constitute distinct species. Phylogeny ''D. japonica'' position in relation with other ''Dugesia'' species after the work of Lázaro ''et al.'', 2009: Space Experimentation A study was published in 2017 in which a ''Dugesia Japonica'' trunk fragment had been sent into space, and grew with two heads, one on either end of the trunk. However, the influence of space conditions on this phenomenon is debated. References {{Taxonbar, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dugesia Aethiopica
''Dugesia aethiopica'' is a species of freshwater dugesiid planarian found in Lake Tana in Ethiopia.Tyler, S., Artois, T.; Schilling, S.; Hooge, M.; Bush, L.F. (eds) (2006-2022). World List of turbellarian worms: Acoelomorpha, Catenulida, Rhabditophora''Dugesia aethiopica'' Stocchino, Corso, Manconi & Pala, 2002 Accessed 2023-06-25. Etymology The specific epithet of ''aethiopica'' refers to the type-locality, within the country of Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ....Giacinta Angela Stocchino, Gavina Corso, Renata Manconi & Maria Pala (2002) African planarians: ''Dugesia aethiopica'' sp. n. (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from lake Tana (NW Ethiopia). ''Italian Journal of Zoology'', 69:1, 45-51. Description ''Dugesia aethiopica'' is about 20–22 mm lon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dugesia Sicula
''Dugesia sicula'' is a species of dugesiid triclad that lives in freshwater bodies of the Mediterranean Basin, where it is widely distributed. It has been reported from Sicily, Elba and Mallorca, Eivissa, Sardinia,Stocchino et al., 2005 G.A. Stocchino, G. Corso, R. Manconi, S. Casu and M. Pala, "Endemic freshwater planarians of Sardinia: Redescription of Dugesia hepta (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) with a comparison of the Mediterranean species of the genus", ''Journal of Natural History'' 39 (2005), pp. 1947–1960. Algeria, Tunisia,Charni, M., Harrath, A. H., Sluys, R., Tekaya, S., and Zghal, F. (2004). "The freshwater planarian Dugesia sicula Lepori, 1948 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) in Tunisia: ecology, karyology, and morphology". ''Hydrobiologia'' 517, 161–170. MoroccoStocchino, G A., Manconi R., Corso G., Sluys R., Casu S., & Pala M., 2009. "African planarians: morphology and karyology of Dugesia maghrebiana sp. n. (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from Tunisia". ''Italian J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schmidtea
''Schmidtea'' is a genus of freshwater triclads. Species of the genus ''Schmidtea'' are widely used in regeneration and developmental studies. Until 1991, ''Schmidtea'' was considered as a subgenus of ''Dugesia'', then it was elevated to the genus rank. Etymology The genus was presumably named after Eduard Oscar Schmidt Eduard Oscar Schmidt (21 February 1823, in Torgau – 17 January 1886, in Kappelrodeck) was a German zoologist and phycology, phycologist. Biography He initially studied mathematics and science at University of Halle, Halle, then continued his ..., who described two species within the genus. Phylogeny Phylogenetic tree including five dugesiid genera after Álvarez-Presas et al., 2008: References Dugesiidae {{flatworm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cura (genus)
''Cura'' is a genus of freshwater flatworm (triclads) belonging to the family Dugesiidae. ''Cura'' was ranked as a subgenus of ''Dugesia'' until 1974, then it was elevated to the genus rank. Description Individuals of this genus have a low triangle-shaped head.Ball IR: A contribution to the phylogeny and biogeography of the freshwater triclads (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria). Biology of the Turbellaria (Edited by: Riser NW & Morse MP). New York: McGraw-Hill New York 1974, pp.339-401. Distribution ''Cura'' species present a disjunct distribution. '' C. foremanii'' inhabits North America, while '' C. fortis'' is found in New Zealand,Sluys, R., Kawakatsu, M., 2001. Contribution to an inventory of the freshwater planarians of Australia and New Zealand (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae), with distribution maps of the species examined. Beaufortia/Bull Zool Mus Univ Amsterdam 51(10):163-198 and '' C. pinguis'' in Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia New Caledonia ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Girardia
''Girardia'' is a genus of freshwater Tricladida, planarians belonging to the family Dugesiidae. Distribution The genus ''Girardia'' is endemic to the Americas, from Argentina to Canada, although most species occur in South America. The only two species known to occur naturally in North America, ''Girardia tigrina'' and ''Girardia dorotocephala'', have been introduced in other continents and islands. Description Species of ''Girardia'' are very similar to species of other genera of Dugesiidae and few apomorphy, apomorphies that clearly define the genus are known. One of the few exclusive characteristics is the presence of pigment granules in the outer pharyngeal wall. Until 1991 ''Girardia'' was considered a subgenus of ''Dugesia'', then it was upgraded to the genus rank. However, some works continued to use the old genus for some ''Girardia'' species, mainly for ''Girardia dorotocephala'' and ''Girardia tigrina''. Species *''Girardia alba'' *''Girardia anceps'' *''Girardia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dugesia Liguriensis
''Dugesia'' is a genus of freshwater planarians in the family Dugesiidae triclads and the type genus of this family. These common flatworms are found in freshwater habitats of Africa, Eurasia, and Australia. ''Dugesia'' is best known to non-specialists because of its regeneration capacities. Description ''Dugesia'' species have an elongated body with a slightly triangle-shaped head. They often have grey, brown, or black dorsal color, whereas the ventral surface is usually paler. These animals have a couple of eyes constituted by a multicellular pigmented cup with many retinal cells to detect the amount of light in the nearby environment. Sometimes they present supernumerary eyes. At the anterior part of the body, behind the eye level, they have a pair of structures called auricles that give the triangle look to the 'head' and allow them to detect the intensity of water current. These auricles are free of pigment and rhabdites. Each side of the anterior margin of the head has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dugesia Creta
''Dugesia'' is a genus of freshwater planarians in the family Dugesiidae triclads and the type genus of this family. These common flatworms are found in freshwater habitats of Africa, Eurasia, and Australia. ''Dugesia'' is best known to non-specialists because of its regeneration (biology), regeneration capacities. Description ''Dugesia'' species have an elongated body with a slightly triangle-shaped head. They often have grey, brown, or black dorsal color, whereas the ventral surface is usually paler. These animals have a couple of eyes constituted by a multicellular pigmented cup with many retinal cells to detect the amount of light in the nearby environment. Sometimes they present supernumerary eyes. At the anterior part of the body, behind the eye level, they have a pair of structures called Planarian#Nervous system, auricles that give the triangle look to the 'head' and allow them to detect the intensity of water current. These auricles are free of pigment and rhabdites. Eac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apomorphy
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel Phenotypic trait, character or character state that has evolution, evolved from its ancestral form (or Plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy, plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxon, taxa and is therefore Hypothesis#Scientific hypothesis, hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor. ) In cladistics, synapomorphy implies Homology (biology), homology. Examples of apomorphy are the presence of Terrestrial locomotion#Posture, erect gait, fur, Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a Terrestrial locomotion#Posture, sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals. Etymology The word ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
