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Duchy Of Warsaw (Middle Ages)
The Duchy of Warsaw was a feudal district duchy in Masovia, centered on the Warsaw Land. Its capital was Warsaw. The state was established in 1310, in the partition of the Duchy of Masovia, with duke Siemowit II of Masovia becoming its first leader.Janusz Grabowski, ''Dynastia Piastów Mazowieckich'', p. 56. It existed until 5 November 1370, when, under the rule of duke Siemowit III, duchies of Czersk, Rawa, and Warsaw were unified into the Duchy of Masovia. It was again re-established in June 1381, in the partition of the Duchy of Masovia, with duke Janusz I of Warsaw as its first leader. It existed until 1488, when it got incorporated into the Duchy of Czersk. From 1310 to 1320, it was a fiefdom within the Kingdom of Poland, and from 1320 to 1385, a fiefdom of the United Kingdom of Poland, and from 1386 to 1488, a fiefdom of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. List of rulers First state * Siemowit II of Masovia (1310–1313) * Trojden I (1313–1341) * Siemowit III an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fief
A fief (; ) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a form of feudal allegiance, services or payments. The fees were often lands, land revenue or revenue-producing real property like a watermill, held in feudal land tenure: these are typically known as fiefs or fiefdoms. However, not only land but anything of value could be held in fee, including governmental office, rights of exploitation such as hunting, fishing or felling trees, monopolies in trade, money rents and tax farms. There never existed a standard feudal system, nor did there exist only one type of fief. Over the ages, depending on the region, there was a broad variety of customs using the same basic legal principles in many variations. Terminology In ancient Rome, a " benefice" (from the Latin noun , meaning "benefit") was a gift of land () f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janusz I Of Warsaw
Janusz I of Warsaw (pl: ''Janusz I warszawski''), also known as Janusz I the Old (pl: ''Janusz I Starszy'') (c. 1347/52 – 8 December 1429), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast in the Dukes of Masovia, Masovian branch, from 1373/74 Duchy of Warsaw (Middle Ages), Duke of Warsaw and after the division of the paternal inheritance between him and his brother in 1381, ruler over Nur, Poland, Nur, Łomża, Liw, Poland, Liw, Ciechanów, Wyszogród and Zakroczym. In addition, he was a vassal of the Polish Kingdom since 1391 for the fief of Podlachia (only during his lifetime). He was the eldest son of Siemowit III, Duke of Masovia and his first wife Euphemia, daughter of Nicholas II of Opava. Due to an error of chronicler Jan Długosz was previously assumed that Janusz I was born c. 1329, and it wasn't until modern time that this date could be corrected until a much later one, c. 1346. Evidence of this fact was that only in 1373/74 he received his own duchy (with its capital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janusz II Of Płock
Janusz II of Płock (pl: ''Janusz II płocki''; ca. 1455 – 16 February 1495), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast in the Masovian branch. He was a duke of Warsaw, Nur, Łomża, Liw, Ciechanów, Wyszogród and Zakroczym during 1454–1471 jointly with his brothers (under regency until 1462), Duke of Płock, Płońsk, Zawkrze and Wizna during 1462–1471, and after the division of the paternal domains in 1471, sole ruler over Ciechanów and Łomża, since 1475 also ruler over Płock, Płońsk, Zawkrze and Wizna, since 1484 ruler over Błonie, Tarczyn and Kamieniec, since 1489 ruler over Wyszogród. Family Janusz II was born about 1455. He was the eighth and youngest son of Bolesław IV of Warsaw and Barbara Aleksandrówna, a Lithuanian princess, (granddaughter of Vladimir Olgerdovich). His father died on 10 September 1454. Life After their father's death, Janusz II and his siblings where place under the guardianship of their mother Barbara and Paweł Giżycki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbara Aleksandrówna
Barbara Aleksandrówna (c. 1428 between 1488 and 1492) was a princess and wife of prince Bolesław IV of Warsaw. She was the daughter of Alexander Włodzimierzowic, Grand Prince of Kiev. Between 1440 and 1443 she married Bolesław IV of Warsaw. Her husband died on September 10, 1454.Grabowski, p. 477. After death of her mother-in-law in 1458 she became a regent in the name of her minor sons Konrad III, Bolesław V, Kazimierz III, and Janusz II.Grabowski, p. 361. She usually entitled herself ''ducissa et gubernatrix Mazouie etc''. She was buried in Nowe Miasto, Płońsk County. Footnotes References *Balzer Oswald, Genealogia Piastów, Akademia Umiejętności, Kraków 1895, p. 523. *Grabowski Janusz, Dynastia Piastów mazowieckich, Kraków 2012. *Jasiński Kazimierz, Rodowód Piastów mazowieckich, Wydawnictwo Historyczne, Poznań – Wrocław 1998, ISSN 1509-8702, {{ISBN, 83-913563-0-2, pp. 159–160. Further reading *Wolff Adam, Barbara ks. ruska nieznanego pochodzenia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konrad III Rudy
Konrad III Rudy, also known in English as Konrad the Red (1447/48 – 28 October 1503), was a Polish prince and member of the Piast dynasty in the Masovian branch. He was a duke of Czersk, Liw, Warsaw, Nur, Łomża, Ciechanów, Różan, Zakroczym and Wyszogród during 1454-1471 jointly with his brothers (under regency until 1462), Duke of Płock, Wizna, Płońsk and Zawkrze during 1462-1471, and after the division of the paternal domains in 1471, sole ruler over Czersk and Liw, over Wyszogród during 1474-1489 and again in 1495, over Zakroczym since 1484, over Nur since 1488 and over Warsaw since 1489. He was the third son of Bolesław IV of Warsaw and Barbara Olelkovna, a daughter of Kievan duke Olelko Volodymyrovych). The premature death of his two older brothers during 1453-1454 left him as the eldest surviving son of his family. Life After the death of his father on 10 September 1454, Konrad III and his younger siblings were placed under the guardianship of their mother ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casimir III Of Płock
Casimir III of Płock (; 10 June 1448/8 June 14499 June 1480), was a Polish prince and member of the Masovian branch of the House of Piast. He was a Duke of Warsaw, Nur, Łomża, Liw, Ciechanów, Wyszogród and Zakroczym during the period 1454–1471 jointly with his brothers (under regency until 1462), Duke of Płock, Płońsk, Zawkrze and Wizna from 1462 to 1471, and after the division of the paternal domains in 1471, sole ruler over Płock, Wizna, Wyszogród (until 1474), Płońsk and Zawkrze until his abdication in 1480, and Bishop of Płock during 1471–1480 (as secular administrator until 1475). He was the fifth son of Bolesław IV of Warsaw and Barbara Olelkovna of Slutsk-Kapy, a Lithuanian princess, (granddaughter of Vladimir Olgerdovich). The premature death of three of his older brothers during 1452–1454 left him as the second surviving son of his family. Life After the death of his father on 10 September 1454, Casimir III and his siblings were placed under the g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regent
In a monarchy, a regent () is a person appointed to govern a state because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been determined. The rule of a regent or regents is called a regency. A regent or regency council may be formed ''ad hoc'' or in accordance with a constitutional rule. ''Regent'' is sometimes a formal title granted to a monarch's most trusted advisor or personal assistant. If the regent is holding the position due to their being in the line of succession, the compound term '' prince regent'' is often used; if the regent of a minor is their mother, and she is wife or widow of the king, she would be referred to as ''queen regent''. If the formally appointed regent is unavailable or cannot serve on a temporary basis, a may be appointed to fill the gap. In a monarchy, a regent usually governs due to one of these reasons, but may also be elected to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolesław IV Of Warsaw
Bolesław IV of Warsaw (; – 10 September 1454), was a Polish prince and member of the House of Piast in the Masovian branch. He was Duke of Warsaw during 1429–1454 (under regency until 1436) and sovereign Duke of Podlachia in 1440–1444. He was the second son of Bolesław Januszowic (in turn second son of Janusz I of Warsaw) and Anna Feodorovna of Ratnie, a daughter of Fedor Olgierdowicz who ruled part of Volhynia. Life The successive deaths of his older uncle, father and brother between 1422–1427 left Bolesław IV as the only surviving male heir of Janusz I, who in order to protect his rights, in 1428 forced his local nobility to pay homage to the seven-year old prince as his future ruler; thanks to this, when the Duke died one year later (8 December 1429), Bolesław IV could assumed the power without much difficulties; however, because he was a minor at that moment, his mother Anna took the regency on his behalf until 1436, when he attained his majority and began his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casimir I Of Warsaw
Casimir I of Warsaw (pl: ''Kazimierz I warszawski''; 1329/31 – 26 November/5 December 1355Janusz Grabowski: ''Dynastia Piastów mazowieckich'', Kraków 2012, p. 444.), was a Polish prince, member of the House of Piast, Duke of Czersk 1341–1349 jointly with his brother, after 1345 ruler over Rawa Mazowiecka jointly with his brother, after 1349 sole ruler over Warsaw, after 1351 sole ruler over Sochaczew, Polish vassal since 1351. He was the third and youngest son of Trojden I of Czersk and Maria, daughter of Yuri I, King of Halych-Volhynia. Life After the death of his father in 1341, Casimir I ruled jointly with his oldest surviving brother Siemowit III, and four years later (1345), both brothers inherited Rawa Mazowiecka from their uncle Siemowit II. The formal division of the paternal inheritance took place in 1349, when Casimir I received the small district of Warsaw, being the first time that this district became in the capital of a Piast Dukedom. In 1351, Casimir I i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trojden I, Duke Of Masovia
Trojden I (1284/86 – 13 March 1341) was a Polish prince, Duke of Czersk from 1310, ruler over Warsaw and Liw from 1313, and regent of Płock in the years 1336–1340. He was a member of the House of Piast. Trojden was the second son of Bolesław II of Płock and his first wife Gaudemantė (Sophia), the daughter of Grand Duke Traidenis of Lithuania. He was named after his maternal grandfather. Life In 1310, Trojden I received the district region of Czersk when his father was still alive. Following his father's death in 1313, he further received the districts of Warsaw and Liw in addition to his duchy, which made him ruler over all of eastern Masovia. This division didn't satisfy all members of his family and led to a brief war between the three brothers (Trojden, Siemowit II and Wenceslaus) in 1316. The exact details of this conflict are unknown except for a brief mention in an annually published manuscript called the ''Rocznik miechowski''. Initially, Trojden I main ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fief
A fief (; ) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a form of feudal allegiance, services or payments. The fees were often lands, land revenue or revenue-producing real property like a watermill, held in feudal land tenure: these are typically known as fiefs or fiefdoms. However, not only land but anything of value could be held in fee, including governmental office, rights of exploitation such as hunting, fishing or felling trees, monopolies in trade, money rents and tax farms. There never existed a standard feudal system, nor did there exist only one type of fief. Over the ages, depending on the region, there was a broad variety of customs using the same basic legal principles in many variations. Terminology In ancient Rome, a " benefice" (from the Latin noun , meaning "benefit") was a gift of land () f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Rawa
The Duchy of Rawa was a feudal district duchy in Masovia, centered on the Rawa Land. Its capital was Rawa. It existed during the High Middle Ages era, from 1313 to 1370, and from 1381 to 1442. The state was established in April 1313, in the partition of the Duchy of Płock, with duke Siemowit II of Masovia becoming its first leader.Janusz Grabowski, ''Dynastia Piastów Mazowieckich'', p. 62-63. It existed until 5 November 1370, when, under the rule of duke Siemowit III, duchies of Czersk, Rawa, and Warsaw were unified into the Duchy of Masovia.Anna Suprunik, ''Mazowsze Siemowitów'', p. 29. It was again reestablished in June 1381, in the partition of the Duchy of Masovia, with duke Siemowit IV as its first leader.Janusz Grabowski, ''Dynastia Piastów Mazowieckich'', p. 98.J. Krzyżaniakowa, J. Ochmański, ''Władysław II Jagiełło'', p. 315. It existed until 1488, when it got incorporated into the Duchy of Czersk.O. Balzer, ''Genealogia Piastów''. From 1310 to 1320, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
