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Duchy Of Racha
The Duchy of Racha ( ka, რაჭის საერისთავო, ''rach'is saerist'avo'') was an important fiefdom in medieval and early modern Georgia (country), Georgia, located in the western province of Racha, in the upper Rioni Valley in the foothills of the Greater Caucasus crest, and ruled by a succession of ''eristavi'' ("dukes") from c. 1050 until being transferred to the royal crown in 1789. History The duchy of Racha was founded c. 1050, when a branch of the Liparitids, Liparitid family, subsequently known as Kakhaberidze, was enfeoffed of it by King Bagrat IV of Georgia. Their possessions were further expanded under Queen Tamar of Georgia (reign, r. 1184–1213). The Kakhaberidze were dispossessed of the duchy in 1278 for having revolted against David VI of Georgia, David VI, but seem to have maintained themselves in Racha into the 15th century. The Japaridze (noble family), House of Japaridze possibly held the Duchy of Racha between the dispossession of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Racha 16-18 Cc
A duchy, also called a dukedom, is a country, territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess, a ruler hierarchically second to the king or queen in Western European tradition. There once existed an important difference between "sovereign dukes" and dukes who were ordinary noblemen throughout Europe. Some historic duchies were sovereign in areas that would become part of nation-states only during the modern era, such as happened in Germany (once a federal empire) and Italy (previously a unified kingdom). In contrast, others were subordinate districts of those kingdoms that had unified either partially or completely during the medieval era, such as France, Spain, Sicily, Naples, and the Papal States. Examples In France, several duchies existed in the medieval period, including Normandy, Burgundy, Brittany, and Aquitaine. The medieval German stem duchies (, literally "tribal duchy," the official title of its ruler being ''Herzog'' or "duke") were associated with the Frankish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Georgian Princely Families
This is the alphabetic list of the upper class noble houses of Georgia. They were entitled as tavadi ( ka, თავადი), roughly translated in English as "prince" and in Russian as "knyaz", a title which was eventually conferred upon most of these families under the Imperial Russian rule (1801–1917). __NOTOC__ A * Abamelik *Abashidze * * Agiashvili * Akhvlediani * Amatuni * Amilakhvari * Amirejibi * Anchabadze * Andronikashvili * Apakidze * Arghutashvili (Mkhargrdzeli-Argutashvili, Argutinsky-Dolgorukov) * Asatiani * Asikhmovanov (Osikhmovani) * Avalishvili B * Babadishvili * Bagrationi-Davitishvili * Bagration-Mukhraneli * Baratashvili * Bebutov (Bebutashvili) * Begtabegishvili * Bejanidze * Beriashvili C * Chavchavadze * Cherkezishvili * Chichua * Chijavadze * Chikovani *Chiladze *Chkheidze * Chkhotua * Cholokashvili * Charkviani *Chkhetiani D * Dadiani * Dadishkeliani *Devdariani * Dgebuadze * Diasamidze * Dziapshpa (Zepishvili) *Dididze *Dvali E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Marshall Lang
David Marshall Lang (6 May 1924 – 20 March 1991), was a Professor of Caucasian Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He was one of the most productive British scholars who specialized in Georgian, Armenian and ancient Bulgarian history. Biography Lang was born in Bromley and was educated at Monkton Combe School and St John’s College, Cambridge where he was a Major Scholar and later held a Fellowship. As a 20-year-old graduate, he was serving as an officer in Iran in 1944 when he was appointed as acting Vice-Consul in Tabriz, Iran. He met many of the city's Armenian people and leaders. In 1949 he was a member of staff of the School of Oriental and African Studies at University of London. He began as lecturer in Georgian language, then as reader and in 1964 became professor of Caucasian studies. In 1953 he held a Senior Fellowship at the Russian Institute of Columbia University and in 1965 he was a visiting professor in Caucasian Studies a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solomon II Of Imereti
Solomon II (born as David) ( ka, სოლომონ II; 1772 – February 7, 1815), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the last king ('' mepe'') of Imereti (western Georgia) from 1789 to 1790 and from 1792 until his deposition by the Imperial Russian government in 1810. Biography Early life and ascent to the throne He was named David at birth, to Prince Archil of Imereti, by his wife Princess Elene of Georgia. David spent his youth at the court of his maternal grandfather, King Heraclius II of Georgia. The heirless brother of Archil, David's uncle, Solomon I of Imereti, bequeathed the throne to his nephew should Solomon die without an heir. However, the influential feudal lords of Imereti, after the death of Solomon in the year 1784, managed to place George IX of Imereti's son David II on the throne instead. In the same year, David II sent ambassadors to the Russian Empire and asked the emperor to submit to him. Dissatisfied with this horrendous show of international diploma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dagestan
Dagestan ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Dagestan, is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, along the Caspian Sea. It is located north of the Greater Caucasus, and is a part of the North Caucasian Federal District. The republic is the southernmost tip of Russia, sharing land borders with the countries of Azerbaijan and Georgia to the south and southwest, the Russian republics of Chechnya and Kalmykia to the west and north, and with Stavropol Krai to the northwest. Makhachkala is the republic's capital and largest city; other major cities are Derbent, Kizlyar, Izberbash, Kaspiysk, and Buynaksk. Dagestan covers an area of , with a population of over 3.1 million, consisting of over 30 ethnic groups and 81 nationalities. With 14 official languages, and 12 ethnic groups each constituting more than 1% of its total population, the republic is one of Russia's most linguistically and ethnically diverse, and one of the most heteroge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. The empire emerged from a Anatolian beyliks, ''beylik'', or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in by the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors Ottoman wars in Europe, conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II. With its capital at History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire, Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interacti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsereteli
The House of Tsereteli ( ka, წერეთელი), also known as Tsertelev (Russian), is a noble family in Georgia (and partly, a Russian noble family) which gave origin to several notable writers, politicians, scholars, and artists. History According to traditional accounts, the family's ancestors had been chieftains in Dagestan იოანე ბატონიშვილი (Ioane Bagrationi; 1768-1830)"წერეთელი (იმერეთის თავადნი)" (Tsereteli [Princes of Imereti]) შემოკლებით აღწერა საქართველოსა შინა მცხოვრებთა თავადთა და აზნაურთა გვარებისა (''The Brief Description of the Georgian Noble Houses''). Retrieved on April 12, 2007. or Ossetia,Церетели ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsulukidze (family)
The House of Tsulukidze ( ka, წულუკიძე) is an old Georgian noble family, known in the western part of the country since 1451.Toumanoff, Cyril (1967). ''Studies in Christian Caucasian History'', p. 272. Georgetown University Press. According to a traditional account, they were elevated to a princely dignity (tavadi) by King George III of Imereti in 1605. History Under the western Georgian Kings of Imereti, the Tsulukidze served as Constables of Lower Imereti and had a fiefdom in Racha, with a familial burial ground at the Nikortsminda Cathedral. The Tsulukidze were involved in a series of civil wars which plagued Imereti until the eventual annexation by the Russian Empire in 1810. The family was confirmed as princes (knyaz) of the Russian Empire in 1850. ''Russian Biographic Dictionary''. Retrieved on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David II Of Imereti
David II ( ka, დავით II, ''Davit II''; 1756 – 11 January 1795), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was king (''mepe'') of Imereti (western Georgia) from 1784 to 1789 and from 1790 to 1791. Life He was the son of George IX of Imereti, who had briefly ruled in 1741, and his wife, Princess Mzekhatun Lipartiani, daughter of Prince Giorgi Lipartiani. After the death of his cousin, King Solomon I, he became a regent but prevented the rival princes David (the future king Solomon II) and George from being crowned. With the support of Katsia II Dadiani, prince of Mingrelia, he seized the throne and proclaimed himself king on May 4, 1784. He attempted to establish a contact with Imperial Russia and to restrict the powers of great nobles. In 1787 David sent the poet Besiki ostensibly to negotiate with the Russians (Besiki was rumoured to be the lover of David's queen). Besiki lingered in Ukraine until 1789, forbidden to proceed to St Petersburg, and eventually dying in Iaşi. Davi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Domain
Crown land, also known as royal domain, is a territorial area belonging to the monarch, who personifies the Crown. It is the equivalent of an entailed estate and passes with the monarchy, being inseparable from it. Today, in Commonwealth realms, crown land is considered public land and is apart from the monarch's private estate. Australia In Australia, public lands without a specific tenure (e.g. National Park or State Forest) are referred to as Crown land or State Land, which is described as being held in the "right of the Crown" of either an individual State or the Commonwealth of Australia (as Australia is a federation, there is no single "Crown" as legal entity). Most Crown lands in Australia are held by the Crown in the right of a State. The only land held by the Commonwealth consists of land in the Northern Territory (surrendered by South Australia), the Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, and small areas acquired for airports, defence and other governmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solomon I Of Imereti
Solomon I the Great, ( ka, სოლომონ I დიდი) (1735 – April 23, 1784), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was a king (''mepe'') of Imereti from 1752 to 1765 and again from 1767 until his death in 1784. Biography Solomon was a son of Alexander V of Imereti by his second wife, Princess Tamar Abashidze and succeeded upon his father's death in 1752. He immediately launched a series of stringent measures against the renegade nobles and slave trade from which they profited in conjunction with the Ottoman authorities. In 1752, the aristocratic opposition staged a coup, but Solomon quickly regained the crown and began a program of reforms aimed at stabilizing the kingdom torn apart by chronic civil wars. The Ottomans, which saw Imereti as the sphere of their influence, sent in an army, but Solomon succeeded in mobilizing his nobles around him and defeated the invaders at the Battle of Khresili in 1757. The same year, he forged an alliance with his kinsman, Heraclius II, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toumanoff, Cyril
Cyril Leo Toumanoff ( ka, კირილ თუმანოვი; ; 10 October 1913 – 4 February 1997) was a Georgian-American historian, and academic genealogist who mostly specialized in the history and genealogies of medieval Georgia, Armenia, Iran, and the Byzantine Empire. Born in the Russian Empire into a princely family, Toumanoff escaped to the United States after the Russian Revolution. His works have significantly influenced the Western scholarship of the medieval Caucasus. Robert H. Hewsen. "In Memoriam: Cyril Toumanoff." ''Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies''. Vol. 8, 1995, 5–7. Family Cyril Toumanoff was born on 10 October 1913 in Saint Petersburg, the son of Prince Leo Tumanov, a military officer of the Russian Imperial army. His father, who was born in Yerevan, was descended from the Armeno-Georgian princely family of Tumanishvili (Russified to Tumanov)Rapp, Stephen H. (2003), ''Studies in Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts and Eurasian Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
