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Draft Evasion
Conscription evasion or draft evasion (American English) is any successful attempt to elude a government-imposed obligation to serve in the military forces of one's nation. Sometimes draft evasion involves refusing to comply with the military draft laws of one's nation. Illegal draft evasion is said to have characterized every military conflict of the 20th and 21st centuries, in which at least one party of such conflict has enforced conscription. Such evasion is generally considered to be a criminal offense,Beare, Margaret E., ed. (2012). ''Encyclopedia of Transnational Crime and Justice''. Sage Publications, p. 110 ("Draft Dodging" entry). . and laws against it go back thousands of years. There are many draft evasion practices. Those that manage to adhere to or circumvent the law, and those that do not involve taking a public stand, are sometimes referred to as draft avoidance. Draft evaders are sometimes pejoratively referred to as draft dodgers,Bell, Walter F. "Draft Do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conscription
Conscription, also known as the draft in the United States and Israel, is the practice in which the compulsory enlistment in a national service, mainly a military service, is enforced by law. Conscription dates back to antiquity and it continues in some countries to the present day under various names. The modern system of near-universal national conscription for young men dates to the French Revolution in the 1790s, where it became the basis of a very large and powerful military. Most European nations later copied the system in peacetime, so that men at a certain age would serve 1 to 8 years on active duty and then transfer to the reserve force. Conscription is controversial for a range of reasons, including conscientious objection to military engagements on religious or philosophical grounds; political objection, for example to service for a disliked government or unpopular war; sexism, in that historically men have been subject to the draft in the most cases; and ideol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Todd Gitlin
Todd Alan Gitlin (January 6, 1943 – February 5, 2022) was an American sociologist, political activist and writer, novelist, and cultural commentator. He wrote about the mass media, politics, intellectual life, and the arts for both popular and scholarly publications. Background Todd Alan Gitlin was born on January 6, 1943, in Manhattan and raised in the Bronx, the son of Dorothy (Siegel), who taught typing and stenography, and Max Gitlin, who taught high school history. His family was Jewish. He graduated as valedictorian from the Bronx High School of Science at the age of 16. Enrolling at Harvard College, he graduated in 1963 with an A.B. ''cum laude'' in mathematics and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. After his leadership in Students for a Democratic Society, he earned an M.A. in political science from the University of Michigan and a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of California, Berkeley. Personal life and death Gitlin lived in Manhattan and Hillsdale, New York. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bribery
Bribery is the corrupt solicitation, payment, or Offer and acceptance, acceptance of a private favor (a bribe) in exchange for official action. The purpose of a bribe is to influence the actions of the recipient, a person in charge of an official duty, to act contrary to their duty and the known rules of honesty and integrity. Gifts of money or other items of value that are otherwise available to everyone on an equivalent basis, and not for dishonest purposes, are not bribery. Offering a discount or a refund to all purchasers is a rebate (marketing), rebate and is not bribery. For example, it is legal for an employee of a Public Utilities Commission involved in electric rate regulation to accept a rebate on electric service that reduces their cost of electricity, when the rebate is available to other residential electric customers; however, giving a discount specifically to that employee to influence them to look favorably on the electric utility's rate increase applications would ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Self-harm
Self-harm refers to intentional behaviors that cause harm to oneself. This is most commonly regarded as direct injury of one's own skin tissues, usually without suicidal intention. Other terms such as cutting, self-abuse, self-injury, and self-mutilation have been used for any self-harming behavior regardless of suicidal intent. Common forms of self-harm include damaging the skin with a sharp object or scratching with the fingernails, hitting, or burning. The exact bounds of ''self-harm'' are imprecise, but generally exclude tissue damage that occurs as an unintended side-effect of eating disorders or substance abuse, as well as more societally acceptable body modification such as tattoos and piercings. Although self-harm is by definition non-suicidal, it may still be life-threatening. People who do self-harm are more likely to die by suicide, and self-harm is found in 40–60% of suicides. Still, only a minority of those who self-harm are suicidal. The desire to sel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Fallows
James Mackenzie Fallows (born August 2, 1949) is an American writer and journalist. He is a former national correspondent for ''The Atlantic.'' His work has also appeared in ''Slate (magazine), Slate'', ''The New York Times Magazine'', ''The New York Review of Books'', ''The New Yorker'' and ''The American Prospect'', among others. He is a former editor of ''U.S. News & World Report'', and as President Jimmy Carter's chief Speechwriter#United States, speechwriter for two years was the youngest person ever to hold that job. Fallows has been a visiting professor at a number of universities in the U.S. and China, and has held the Chair in U.S. Media at the United States Studies Centre at University of Sydney. He is the author of eleven books, including ''National Defense'' (1981), for which he received the 1983 National Book Award, ''Looking at the Sun'' (1994), ''Breaking the News'' (1996), ''Blind into Baghdad'' (2006), ''Postcards from Tomorrow Square'' (2009), ''China Airborne'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Draft Lottery (1969)
The United States ran a draft, a system of Conscription in the United States, conscription, during the late 1950s and early 1960s, the peacetime years before the Vietnam War. It was administered by the Selective Service System. But the number of men actually drafted each year was modest. There were enough volunteers to meet most of the personnel needs of the military. In the second half of 1965, with American troops pouring into Vietnam, there was a substantial expansion of the US armed forces, and this required a dramatic increase in the number of men drafted each month. But the number of men drafted each month remained far below the number who potentially could have been drafted, the number of young men of draftable age who were considered adequately fit, physically and mentally, for military service. Origins United States in the Vietnam War, US involvement in Vietnam began in 1946 with support for France during the First Indochina War, French Indo-China war. The 1954 Geneva Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neil Duxbury
Neil Duxbury is a British legal scholar. Education He received his LLB degree from the University of Hull Law School in 1984. He received his PhD from London School of Economics in 1988. Career Duxbury is a professor of English law at the London School of Economics. He was elected as a Fellow of the British Academy The British Academy for the Promotion of Historical, Philosophical and Philological Studies is the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and the social sciences. It was established in 1902 and received its royal charter in the sa ... in 2010. Bibliography Some of his books are: * ''Patterns of American Jurisprudence '' * ''The Nature and Authority of Precedent '' * ''Elements of Legislation '' * ''Jurists and Judges: An Essay on Influence '' * ''Random Justice: On Lotteries And Legal Decision Making '' * ''Frederick Pollock and the English Juristic Tradition '' References External link * {{DEFAULTSORT:Duxbury, Neil Year of birth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Strauss
William Strauss (December 5, 1947 – December 18, 2007) was an American author, playwright, theater director, and lecturer. As an author, he is known for his work with Neil Howe on social generations and for Strauss–Howe generational theory. He is also known as the co-founder and director of the satirical musical theater group the Capitol Steps, and as the co-founder of the Cappies, a critics and awards program for high school theater students. Early life and education Strauss was born in Chicago and grew up in Burlingame, California. He graduated from Harvard University in 1969. In 1973, he received a JD from Harvard Law School and a master's in public policy from Harvard Kennedy School, where he was a member of the program's first graduating class. Career After receiving his degrees, Strauss worked in Washington, D.C., as a policy aid to the Presidential Clemency Board, directing a research team writing a report on the impact of the Vietnam War on the generation th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lawrence Baskir
Lawrence Michael Baskir (born January 10, 1938) is a senior judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims who has served on the court since 1996. He was chief judge from 2000 to 2002 and a judge on the court from 1998 to 2013 before assuming senior status in 2013. Early life, education, and career Baskir was born in Brooklyn, New York, receiving a Bachelor of Arts, magna cum laude, from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University in 1959 followed by a Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1962. He was a United States Army Reserve first lieutenant in the JAG Corps from 1963 to 1968. Baskir than joined the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary in 1965 and served till 1967 and then resumed service from 1969 to 1974 while becoming chief counsel and staff director from 1969 to 1974. He then was chief executive officer of the Presidential Clemency Board for The White House from 1974 to 1975. Baskir joined the Vietnam Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homosexuality
Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or Human sexual activity, sexual behavior between people of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" exclusively to people of the same sex or gender. It also denotes Sexual identity, identity based on attraction, related behavior, and community affiliation. Along with bisexuality and heterosexuality, homosexuality is one of the three main categories of sexual orientation within the heterosexual–homosexual continuum. Although no single theory on the cause of sexual orientation has yet gained widespread support, scientists favor Biology and sexual orientation, biological theories. There is considerably more evidence supporting nonsocial, biological causes of sexual orientation than social ones, especially for males. A major hypothesis implicates the Prenatal development, prenatal environment, specifically the organizationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank Kusch
Frank Kusch is a historian of American history, who writes on post-1945 political and cultural events. Kusch is the author of ''Battleground Chicago: the Police and the 1968 Democratic National Convention'' (September, 2004) and ''All American Boys: Draft Dodgers in Canada from the Vietnam War'' (August, 2001). Kusch has served as an editor and copy editor for publishing houses, newspapers, magazines, including government and civic publications. He has also worked as a media and communications consultant, including speechwriting for federal and provincial politicians in Canada. Kusch has earned a Ph.D from the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, and a Master's Degree from Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. Kusch works in Teaching, Learning, and Student Experience, with the University of Saskatchewan. Kusch is completing a book on Richard Nixon and the 1972 United States presidential election Presidential elections were held in the United States on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
