|
Doxographies
Doxography ( – "an opinion", "a point of view" + – "to write", "to describe") is a term used especially for the works of classical historians, describing the points of view of past philosophers and scientists. The term was coined by the German classical scholar Hermann Alexander Diels. In Ancient Greek philosophy A great many philosophical works have been lost; our limited knowledge of such lost works comes chiefly through the doxographical works of later philosophers, commentators, and biographers. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy lists the following works as being representative doxographies: * Cicero - '' Academica'', '' De Finibus'', ''De Natura Deorum'', '' De Fato'', ''De Officiis'' * Aetius - ''Vetusta Placita'' * Clement of Alexandria - ''Stromata'' * Diogenes Laertius - ''Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers'' * Hippolytus of Rome - ''Refutation of All Heresies'' Philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle also act as doxographers, as their co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classical Antiquity
Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, is the period of cultural History of Europe, European history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD comprising the interwoven civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, Rome known together as the Greco-Roman world, centered on the Mediterranean Basin. It is the period during which ancient Greece and Rome flourished and had major influence throughout much of Europe, North Africa, and West Asia. Classical antiquity was succeeded by the period now known as late antiquity. Conventionally, it is often considered to begin with the earliest recorded Homeric Greek, Epic Greek poetry of Homer (8th–7th centuries BC) and end with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. Such a wide span of history and territory covers many disparate cultures and periods. ''Classical antiquity'' may also refer to an idealized vision among later people of what was, in Ed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hippolytus Of Rome
Hippolytus of Rome ( , ; Romanized: , – ) was a Bishop of Rome and one of the most important second–third centuries Christian theologians, whose provenance, identity and corpus remain elusive to scholars and historians. Suggested communities include Rome, Palestine, Egypt, Anatolia and other regions of the Middle East. The best historians of literature in the ancient church, including Eusebius and Jerome, openly confess they cannot name where Hippolytus the biblical commentator and theologian served in leadership. They had read his works but did not possess evidence of his community. Photios I of Constantinople describes him in his ''Bibliotheca (Photius), Bibliotheca'' (cod. 121) as a disciple of Irenaeus, who was said to be a disciple of Polycarp, and from the context of this passage it is supposed that he suggested that Hippolytus so styled himself. This assertion is doubtful. One older theory asserts he came into conflict with the popes of his time and seems to have heade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicias Of Nicaea
Nicias () of Nicaea, was a biographer and historian of ancient Greek philosophers. Nothing is known about his life, he may have lived in the 1st century BC or AD. He is repeatedly referred to by Athenaeus Athenaeus of Naucratis (, or Nαυκράτιος, ''Athēnaios Naukratitēs'' or ''Naukratios''; ) was an ancient Greek rhetorician and Grammarian (Greco-Roman), grammarian, flourishing about the end of the 2nd and beginning of the 3rd century .... His principal work seems to have been a '' Successions'' (), a history of the various schools of philosophy. Athenaeus also mentions a work ''On the Philosophers'' (), A third work, a ''History of Arcadia'' () is also referred to,Athenaeus, xiii. 609 but whether it is by this Nicias is unclear. Notes 1st-century BC Greek philosophers 1st-century Greek writers 1st-century BC historians 1st-century historians Ancient Greek biographers Greek-language historians from the Roman Empire People from Bithynia Historians from Roman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antisthenes Of Rhodes
Antisthenes of Rhodes (; ) was an ancient Greek historian. He took an active part in the political affairs of his country, and wrote a history of his own time, which, notwithstanding his bias towards his native island of Rhodes, is spoken of in terms of high praise by Polybius. He wrote an account of the Naval Battle of Lade (201 BCE) and was, according to Polybius, a contemporary with the events he described. It is likely that this Antisthenes is the historian who wrote a '' Successions'' of the Greek philosophers, which is often referred to by Diogenes Laërtius. He might also be the Peripatetic philosopher cited by Phlegon of Tralles. Plutarch mentions an Antisthenes who wrote a work called ''Meleagris'', of which the third book is quoted; and Pliny the Elder Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24 79), known in English as Pliny the Elder ( ), was a Roman Empire, Roman author, Natural history, naturalist, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jason Of Nysa
Jason of Nysa (, ''Iason o Nysaevs''; 1st-century BC) was a Stoic philosopher, the son of Menecrates, and, on his mother's side, grandson of Posidonius, of whom he was also the disciple and successor at the Stoic school at Rhodes.Suda, ''Jason'' ι 52 He therefore flourished after the middle of the 1st century BC. The Suda lists four works of his: * Βίοι Ἐνδόξων ''Vii Endoxon'' – Famous Lives * Φιλοσόφων Διαδοχαί ''Filosofon Diadoche'' – Successions of Philosophers Succession is the act or process of following in order or sequence. Governance and politics *Order of succession, in politics, the ascension to power by one ruler, official, or monarch after the death, resignation, or removal from office of ... * Βίος Ἑλλάδος ''Vios Ellados'' – Life of Greece, in 4 books * Περὶ Ῥόδου ''Peri Rodou'' – On Rhodes However, the Suda expresses doubt about whether the third book is his, and also credits Jason of Argos as havi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Polyhistor
Lucius Cornelius Alexander Polyhistor (; flourished in the first half of the 1st century BC; also called Alexander of Miletus) was a Greek scholar who was enslaved by the Romans during the Mithridatic War and taken to Rome as a tutor. After his release, he continued to live in Italy as a Roman citizen. He was so productive as a writer that he earned the surname '' Polyhistor'' (very learned). The majority of his writings are now lost, but the fragments that remain shed valuable light on antiquarian and eastern Mediterranean subjects. Among his works were historical and geographical accounts of nearly all the countries of the ancient world, and the book ''Upon the Jews'' () which excerpted many works which might otherwise be unknown. Life The Suda is the main source of information about Alexander's life. He was born in Miletus, Asia Minor, between 110 and 105 BC and educated by Crates of Mallus in Pergamon, before being captured in the Mithridatic War and brought to Rome as a sl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sosicrates
Sosicrates of Rhodes (; ) was a Greek historical writer. He was born on the island of Rhodes and is noted, chiefly, for his frequent mention by Diogenes Laërtius in his '' Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers'', referencing Sosicrates as the sole authority behind such facts as Aristippus having written nothing. It is inferred that Sosicrates flourished after Hermippus and before Apollodorus of Athens, and, therefore, sometime between 200 and 128 BC. Sosicrates is claimed to have penned A '' Succession of Philosophers'', quoted by both Athenaeus and Diogenes Laërtius. Sosicrates also composed a work on the history of Crete Crete ( ; , Modern Greek, Modern: , Ancient Greek, Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the List of islands by area, 88th largest island in the world and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fifth la ...,Strabo, x.; Athenaeus, vi. 261 though neither of the aforementioned works has survived. Notes Sources ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heraclides Lembus
Heraclides Lembus (, ''Hērakleidēs Lembos'') was an Ancient Greek statesman, historian and philosophical writer whose works only survive in fragments quoted in later authors. Life Heraclides was an Egyptian civil servant who lived during the reign of Ptolemy VI Philometor (2nd century BC).''Suda'', s.v. Ἡρακλείδης, η 462 The Suda mentions a Heraclides of Oxyrhynchus, but according to Diogenes LaërtiusDiogenes Laërtius, v. 94 he originated from Callatis or Alexandria.He was the son of a man named Sarapion ('Lembus' is a nickname meaning 'cockboat'). He is said to have negotiated the treaty that ended Antiochus IV's invasion of Egypt in 169 BC. That Agatharchides of Cnidus became known by being his secretary is further evidence to his importance in the Ptolemaic administration. Works His works (mainly excerpts and epitomes from earlier writers) survive only in fragments. * ''Histories'' (Ἱστορίαι) in at least 37 books. The extant fragments discuss the foll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sotion
Sotion of Alexandria (, ''gen''.: Σωτίωνος; fl. c. 200 – 170 BC) was a Greek doxographer and biographer, and an important source for Diogenes Laërtius. None of his works survive; they are known only indirectly. His principal work, the Διαδοχή or Διαδοχαί (the '' Successions''), was one of the first history books to have organized philosophers into schools of successive influence: e.g., the so-called Ionian School of Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes. It is quoted very frequently by Diogenes Laërtius, and Athenaeus. Sotion's ''Successions'' likely consisted of 23 books, and at least partly drew on the doxography of Theophrastus Theophrastus (; ; c. 371 – c. 287 BC) was an ancient Greek Philosophy, philosopher and Natural history, naturalist. A native of Eresos in Lesbos, he was Aristotle's close colleague and successor as head of the Lyceum (classical), Lyceum, the .... The ''Successions'' was influential enough to be abridged by Heracli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antigonus Of Carystus
Antigonus of Carystus (; ; ), a Greek writer on various subjects, flourished in the 3rd century BCE. After some time spent at Athens and travelling, he was summoned to the court of Attalus I (241 BCE–197 BCE) of Pergamum. His chief work is the ''Successions of Philosophers'' drawn from personal knowledge, with considerable fragments preserved in Athenaeus and Diogenes Laërtius. His work ' (', "Collection of Wonderful Tales"), a paradoxographical work chiefly extracted from the ' ('' On Marvellous Things Heard'') attributed to Aristotle and the ' ("Thaumasia") of Callimachus Callimachus (; ; ) was an ancient Greek poet, scholar, and librarian who was active in Alexandria during the 3rd century BC. A representative of Ancient Greek literature of the Hellenistic period, he wrote over 800 literary works, most of which ..., survived to modernity. It is doubtful whether he is identical to the sculptor who, according to Pliny (''Nat. Hist.'' xxxiv. 19), wrote books on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anaxagoras
Anaxagoras (; , ''Anaxagóras'', 'lord of the assembly'; ) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. Born in Clazomenae at a time when Asia Minor was under the control of the Persian Empire, Anaxagoras came to Athens. In later life he was charged with impiety and went into exile in Lampsacus. Responding to the claims of Parmenides on the impossibility of change, Anaxagoras introduced the concept of '' Nous'' ( Cosmic Mind) as an ordering force. He also gave several novel scientific accounts of natural phenomena, including the notion of panspermia, that life exists throughout the universe and could be distributed everywhere. He deduced a correct explanation for eclipses and described the Sun as a fiery mass larger than the Peloponnese, and also attempted to explain rainbows and meteors. He also speculated that the sun might be just another star. Biography Anaxagoras was born in the town of Clazomenae in the early 5th century BC, where he may have been born into an aristoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apology (Plato)
The ''Apology of Socrates'' (, ''Apología Sokrátous''; ), written by Plato, is a Socratic dialogue of the Testimony#Law, speech of History of the legal profession#Ancient Greece, Rome and Byzantine Empire, legal self-defence which Socrates (469–399 BC) spoke at his Trial of Socrates, trial for impiety and corruption in 399 BC. Specifically, the ''Apology of Socrates'' is a Defense (legal), defence against the charges of "corrupting the youth" and "Asebeia, not believing in the gods in whom the city believes, but in other ''daemon (classical mythology), daimonia'' that are novel" to Classical Athens, Athens (24b). Among the primary sources about the trial and death of the philosopher Socrates, the ''Apology of Socrates'' is the dialogue that depicts the trial, and is one of four Socratic dialogues, along with ''Euthyphro'', ''Phaedo'', and ''Crito'', through which Plato details the final days of the philosopher Socrates. There are debates among scholars as to whether we sho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
