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Dorodnitsyn Computing Center Of The Academy Of Sciences
Dorodnitsyn Computing Centre (), known as the Computing Centre of the Academy of Sciences (CC RAS) until 2015, is a research institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was established in 1955. History The first resolution of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the creation of a Computing Center was adopted on December 3, 1951. At the same time, the issue of the profile, structure and staff of the CC was decided. And already on August 3, 1954, a Resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers was adopted on the commissioning of the USSR Academy of Sciences Computing Center in 1955. On January 14, 1955, the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences discussed the report of S. A. Lebedev and the co-report of the Chairman of the Commission of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Academician M. A. Lavrentyev, on the progress of implementing this resolution. By this time, ITMiVT had carried out work on preparing mathematical personnel for the computer center bei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academic Institute
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of tertiary education. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 386 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and Skills, skill, north of Ancient Athens, Athens, Greece. The Royal Spanish Academy defines academy as scientific, literary or artistic society established with public authority and as a teaching establishment, public or private, of a professional, artistic, technical or simply practical nature. Etymology The word comes from the ''Academy'' in ancient Greece, which derives from the Athenian hero, ''Akademos''. Outside the city walls of Athens, the Gymnasium (ancient Greece), gymnasium was made famous by Plato as a center of learning. The sacred space, dedicated to the goddess of wisdom, Athena, had formerly been an olive Grove (nature), grove, hence the expression "the groves of Academe". In these gardens, the philos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Space Dynamics
Space Dynamics Laboratory (SDL) is a nonprofit government contractor owned by Utah State University. SDL is the sole University Affiliated Research Center (UARC) for the United States Missile Defense Agency; and, is one of 15 UARCs in the nation for the United States Department of Defense. Together with Utah State University, SDL has completed over 420 successful space missions and deployed over 500 independent hardware and software systems into space. SDL was formed in 1982 from the merger of Utah State University's Electro Dynamics Laboratories (founded in 1959) and the University of Utah's Upper Air Research Laboratory (founded in 1948). The corporation has been responsible for the design, fabrication, and operation of sensors on over 430 payloads ranging from aircraft and rocket-borne experiments to space shuttle experiments and satellite-based sensor systems. SDL provides sensor systems and supporting technologies to address challenges for the United States government. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Alexandrov
Vladimir Valentinovich Alexandrov (; born 1938; disappeared 1985) was a Soviet/Russian physicist who created a mathematical model for the nuclear winter theory. He disappeared while at the Second International Conference of Nuclear Free Zones Local Authorities in Cordoba, Spain on 31 March and his ultimate fate remains unknown, though speculation continues.Revkin, Andrew (1986). "A Cold War Climate Mystery Endures: the Vanishing of Vladimir Alexandrov", '' Science Digest'', July 1986. p38. One of his last papers was ''Man and Biosphere'' published in 1985; it is said to have charted the moving trend in the science of nuclear winter. It was co-authored with Nikita Moiseyev and A. M. Tarko. When questioned by journalists in 1986, his acquaintances in Madrid gave differing accounts of how much he resisted when being driven towards the Soviet embassy. In 2016 Andrew Revkin said, "He's almost assuredly dead. ...This wasn't just, you know, thumb-sucking climate science. It was in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonid Khachiyan
Leonid Genrikhovich Khachiyan (; ; May 3, 1952April 29, 2005) was a Soviet and American mathematician and computer scientist. He was most famous for his ellipsoid algorithm (1979) for linear programming, which was the first such algorithm known to have a polynomial running time. Even though this algorithm was shown to be impractical, it has inspired other randomized algorithms for convex programming and is considered a significant theoretical breakthrough. Early life and education Khachiyan was born on May 3, 1952, in Leningrad to Armenian parents Genrikh Borisovich Khachiyan, a mathematician and professor of theoretical mechanics, and Zhanna Saakovna Khachiyan, a civil engineer. His grandparents were Karabakh Armenians. He had two brothers: Boris and Yevgeniy (Eugene). His family moved to Moscow in 1961, when he was nine. He received a master's degree from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. In 1978 he earned his Ph.D. in computational mathematics/ theoretical mat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuri Zhuravlyov (mathematician)
Yuri Ivanovich Zhuravlyov (; 14 January 1935 – 14 January 2022) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician specializing in the algebraic theory of algorithms. His research in applied mathematics and computer science was foundational for a number of specialties within discrete mathematics, pattern recognition, and predictive analysis. Zhuravlyov was a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the chairman of its "Applied Mathematics and Informatics" section. He was also the editor-in-chief of the international journal '' Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis''. Biography Zhuravlyov was born on 14 January 1935 in Voronezh in the former Soviet Union. In 1952, after finishing high school, he applied and was accepted into the Mathematics Department at Moscow State University. Under the direction of Alexey Lyapunov, he completed his first serious work on the minimization of partially defined boolean function In mathematics, a Boolean function is a function whose argument ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valentin Vital'yevich Rumyantsev
Valentin Vitalyevich Rumyantsev (; 19 July 1921 – 10 June 2007) was a Russian engineer who played a crucial role in Soviet space program, mainly working on robotics and controls. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1992), Department of Engineering, Mechanics and Control. Career Rumyantsev was professor in the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics in the Department of Theoretical Mechanics and Mecatronics at Moscow State University. He was editor of the Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (). Rumyantsev was also a corresponding member (1995) and member (2000) of the International Academy of Astronautics (France, Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...). References 1921 births 2007 deaths People from Saratovsky Uyezd Academic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikita Moiseyev
Nikita Nikolayevich Moiseyev (Russian: Никита Николаевич Моисеев) (23 August 1917 – 29 February 2000) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician, full member of the Soviet and Russian Academies of Sciences and of the International Academy of Science, Munich. Biography Moiseyev studied in Moscow State University, and received his doctor's degree from the Steklov Institute. He taught in Bauman Moscow State Technical University and Rostov State University after the war, and was appointed professor in Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (1956) and became its dean in the department of applied mathematics. His fields of study included applied mathematics, solid state dynamics in liquids, systems analysis, control of the artificial space objects, dynamics of biosphere and its stability (including consequences of nuclear war — "nuclear winter"). Since 1956 till his death he also worked at the Dorodnicyn Computing Centre. He organized the Russian Section of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrey Markov Jr
Andrey (Андрей) is a masculine given name predominantly used in Slavic languages, including Belarusian, Bulgarian, and Russian. The name is derived from the ancient Greek Andreas (Ἀνδρέας), meaning "man" or "warrior". In Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Andrey holds religious significance, particularly due to Saint Andrew, the patron saint of several countries, whose legacy has contributed to the name’s popularity across Orthodox nations. In Spanish-speaking countries, Andrey can be interpreted as a portmanteau of the name Andrés and '' Rey'', the Spanish word for ''king''. People with the given name * Andrey (footballer, born 1983), Andrey Nazário Afonso, goalkeeper for Avenida * Andrey (footballer, born 1993), Andrey da Silva Ventura, goalkeeper for Sampaio Corrêa * Andrey (footballer, born 1996), Andrey Falinski Rodrigues, midfielder for Betim Futebol * Andrey (footballer, born February 1998), Andrey Ramos do Nascimento, midfielder for Coritiba * Andr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrey Ershov
Andrey Petrovich Yershov (; 19 April 1931, Moscow – 8 December 1988, Moscow) was a Soviet computer scientist, notable as a pioneer in systems programming and programming language research. Donald Knuth considers him to have independently co-discovered the idea of hashing with linear probing. He also created one of the first algorithms for compiling arithmetic expressions. He was responsible for the languages ''ALPHA'' and '' Rapira'', the first Soviet time-sharing system ''AIST-0'', electronic publishing system ''RUBIN'', and a multiprocessing workstation ''MRAMOR''. He also was the initiator of developing the ''Computer Bank of the Russian Language'' ( Машинный Фонд Русского Языка), the Soviet project for creating a large representative Russian corpus, a project in the 1980s comparable to the Bank of English and British National Corpus. The Russian National Corpus created by the Russian Academy of Sciences in the 2000s is a successor of Yershov's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexey Pajitnov
Alexey Leonidovich Pajitnov (born April 16, 1955) is a Russian-American computer engineer and video game designer. He is best known for creating, designing, and developing ''Tetris'' in 1985 while working at the Dorodnitsyn Computing Centre under the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (now the Russian Academy of Sciences). After ''Tetris'' was released internationally in 1987, he released a sequel in 1989, entitled '' Welltris''. In 1991, he moved to the United States and later became a U.S. citizen. In 1996, Pajitnov founded The Tetris Company alongside Dutch video game designer Henk Rogers. Despite the game's high popularity, Pajitnov did not receive royalties from ''Tetris'' prior to this time; the Soviet Union had disintegrated by 1991. Early life Pajitnov was born to Russian parents who were both writers. His father was an art critic and his mother was a journalist who wrote for both newspapers and a film magazine. It was through his parents that Pajitnov gained e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetris
''Tetris'' () is a puzzle video game created in 1985 by Alexey Pajitnov, a Soviet software engineer. In ''Tetris'', falling tetromino shapes must be neatly sorted into a pile; once a horizontal line of the game board is filled in, it disappears, granting points and preventing the pile from overflowing. Over 200 versions of ''Tetris'' have been published by numerous companies on more than 65 platforms, often with altered game mechanics, some of which have become standard over time. To date, these versions of ''Tetris'' collectively serve as the second-best-selling video game series with over 520 million sales, mostly on mobile devices. In the 1980s, Pajitnov worked for the Computing Center of the Academy of Sciences, where he programmed ''Tetris'' on the Elektronika 60 and adapted it to the IBM PC with the help of Dmitry Pavlovsky and Vadim Gerasimov. Floppy disk copies were distributed freely throughout Moscow, before spreading to Eastern Europe. Robert Stein of Andro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Software
Software consists of computer programs that instruct the Execution (computing), execution of a computer. Software also includes design documents and specifications. The history of software is closely tied to the development of digital computers in the mid-20th century. Early programs were written in the machine language specific to the hardware. The introduction of high-level programming languages in 1958 allowed for more human-readable instructions, making software development easier and more portable across different computer architectures. Software in a programming language is run through a compiler or Interpreter (computing), interpreter to execution (computing), execute on the architecture's hardware. Over time, software has become complex, owing to developments in Computer network, networking, operating systems, and databases. Software can generally be categorized into two main types: # operating systems, which manage hardware resources and provide services for applicat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
