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Doppelkopf
Doppelkopf (, lit. ''double-head''), sometimes abbreviated to Doko, is a trick-taking game, trick-taking card game for four players. In Germany, Doppelkopf is nearly as popular as Skat (card game), Skat, especially in Northern Germany and the Rhein-Main Region. Bavarian Schafkopf, Schafkopf, however, is still the preferred point-trick game in Bavaria. As with Skat (card game), Skat and Bavarian Schafkopf there is a set of official rules, but numerous unofficial variants. Although the German Doppelkopf Association (''Deutscher Doppelkopf-Verband'') has developed standard rules for tournaments, informal sessions are often played in many different variants, and players adopt their own house rules. Before playing with a new group of players, it is advisable to agree on a specific set of rules before the first game. History Classic Schafkopf Games of the Schafkopf group date to the 18th century or earlier, the oldest member of the family being known as German Schafkopf, Schafkop ...
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German Schafkopf
German Schafkopf () is an old German, ace–ten card game that is still played regionally in variant form today. It is the forerunner of the popular modern games of Skat, Doppelkopf and Bavarian Schafkopf. It originated in Leipzig in the Electorate of Saxony. Today it is hardly ever played in its original form, but there are a number of important national and regional derivations. History The word, variously spelt Schafkopf, Schafskopf, Schaffskopf, Schafskopff, Schaafkopf and Schaafskopf, appears as early as the 16th century and meant "sheephead" or "sheep's head", but was also a pejorative term for a "fool". An early example is in the 1676 German-Italian dictionary, where "Schafskopff" is equated to "Dumshirn" i.e. "dumb head". In 1777, Adelung's dictionary records "Schafskopf" as the head of a sheep, but also as "Schafskopf or Schafkopf, an abusive term for a stupid, simple-minded person", but there is no reference to the game. The card game of Schafkopf dates to the 18 ...
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German Doppelkopf Association
The German Doppelkopf Association ( or ''DDV'') was founded in 1982 and forms the umbrella organisation for Doppelkopf clubs in Germany.''DDV - Der Deutsche Doppelkopf-Verband e.V.''
at doppelkopf-spiel.de. Retrieved 19 November 2023.


History

Doppelkopf Doppelkopf (, lit. ''double-head''), sometimes abbreviated to Doko, is a trick-taking game, trick-taking card game for four players. In Germany, Doppelkopf is nearly as popular as Skat (card game), Skat, especially in Northern Germany and the R ...
is the most popular four-player card game in the north and west of Germany. Its rules were first recorded ...
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Bavarian Schafkopf
Schafkopf (, lit. 'sheep's head'), also called Bavarian Schafkopf, is a popular German trick-taking card game of the ace–ten family for four players that evolved, towards the end of the 19th century, from German Schafkopf. It is still very popular in Bavaria, where it is their national card game played by around two million people, but it also played elsewhere in Germany and in Austria. It is an official cultural asset and important part of the Old Bavarian and Franconian way of life. Schafkopf is a mentally demanding pastime that is considered "the supreme discipline of Bavarian card games"''Bayerische Kartenspiele: Vom Aussterben bedroht: Retten Sie das Karteln!''
at ww ...
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Schafkopf
Schafkopf (, lit. 'sheep's head'), also called Bavarian Schafkopf, is a popular German Trick-taking game, trick-taking card game of the ace–ten family for four players that evolved, towards the end of the 19th century, from German Schafkopf. It is still very popular in Bavaria, where it is their national card game played by around two million people, but it also played elsewhere in Germany and in Austria. It is an official cultural asset and important part of the Altbayern, Old Bavarian and Franconian way of life. Schafkopf is a mentally demanding pastime that is considered "the supreme discipline of Bavarian card games"''Bayerische Kartenspiele: Vom Aussterben bedroht: Retten Sie ...
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Wendish Schafkopf
Wendish Schafkopf (), Wendisch or WendschSirch (2008), p. 37. is an old German card game for four players that is still played today. It uses a Schafkopf pack of German-suited cards or a Skat pack of French playing cards. History Wendish Schafkopf is absent from the nine different versions of Schaafkopf published in 1811 in Hammer's compendium ''Die deutsche Kartenspiele'' and subsequent editions up to 1817, suggesting it is of later provenance. Its rules first appear in 1853, appended by von Alvensleben to a reprint of Hammer's text, where it is described as a "combination of Solo and Schaafkopf" It is a primarily a four-handed game, but a three-player version is also described. Von Alvensleben's account is unclear on the rules of play and aspects of the scoring. In 1861, a more detailed description is given by Hirzel, who also mentions a six-hand version of the game in which two side suit 8s are removed and each player receives 5 cards. In this variant there are two teams w ...
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Point-trick
A trick-taking game is a card game, card- or tile-based game in which play of a ''Hand (card games), hand'' centers on a series of finite rounds or units of play, called ''tricks'', which are each evaluated to determine a winner or ''taker'' of that trick. The object of such games then may be closely tied to the number of tricks taken, as in plain-trick games such as contract bridge, whist, and Spades (card game), spades, or to the value of the cards contained in taken tricks, as in point-trick games such as pinochle, the Tarot card games, tarot family, briscola, and most evasion games like Hearts (card game), hearts. Trick-and-draw games are trick-taking games in which the players can fill up their hands after each trick. In most variants, players are free to play any card into a trick in the first phase of the game, but must ''follow suit'' as soon as the stock is depleted. Trick-avoidance games like reversis or Polignac (card game), polignac are those in which the aim is to a ...
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Trick-taking Game
A trick-taking game is a card- or tile-based game in which play of a ''hand'' centers on a series of finite rounds or units of play, called ''tricks'', which are each evaluated to determine a winner or ''taker'' of that trick. The object of such games then may be closely tied to the number of tricks taken, as in plain-trick games such as contract bridge, whist, and spades, or to the value of the cards contained in taken tricks, as in point-trick games such as pinochle, the tarot family, briscola, and most evasion games like hearts. Trick-and-draw games are trick-taking games in which the players can fill up their hands after each trick. In most variants, players are free to play any card into a trick in the first phase of the game, but must ''follow suit'' as soon as the stock is depleted. Trick-avoidance games like reversis or polignac are those in which the aim is to avoid taking some or all tricks. The domino game Texas 42 is an example of a trick-taking game that i ...
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Sheepshead (game)
Sheepshead is an American trick-taking card game derived from Bavaria's national card game, Schafkopf (lit. 'sheep's head'), hence it is sometimes called American Schafkopf. Sheepshead is most commonly played by five players,Sheepshead Basic Rules
sheepshead.org, Retrieved January 27, 2016
but variants exist to allow for two to eight players. There are also many other variants to the game rules, and many slang terms used with the game. Sheepshead is most commonly played in , where it is sometimes called the "unofficial" state card game. In 1983, it was declared the official card game of the city of

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Skat (card Game)
Skat (), historically Scat, is a three-player trick-taking card game of the ace–ten family, devised around 1810 in Altenburg in the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. It is the national game of Germany''Skat''
at www.pagat.com. Retrieved 3 Jun 2018.
and, along with Doppelkopf, it is the most popular card game in Germany and Silesia and one of the most popular in the rest of Poland. A variant of 19th-century Skat was once popular in the US. John McLeod (card game researcher), John McLeod considers it one of the best and most interesting card games for three players,Keller, Thomas and Sebastian Kupferschmid, "Automatic Bidding for the Game of Skat" in ''KI 2008: Advances in Artificial Intelligence: 31st Annual German Conference on AI'', Kaiserslautern: Springer, 2008, p. 96. . and Kelbet described it as "the king of ...
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Unter (playing Card)
The Unter, formerly Untermann, nicknamed the Wenzel, Wenz or Bauer, and (in Swiss) also called the Under, is the face card, court card in German playing cards, German and Swiss playing cards, Swiss-suited playing cards that corresponds to the Jack (playing card), Jack in French playing cards, French packs. The name ''Unter'' (lit.: "under") is an abbreviation of the former name for these cards, ''Untermann'', which meant something like 'subordinate' or 'vassal'. Van der Linde argues that the King, Ober and Unter in a pack of German cards represented the military ranks of general, officer (''Oberofficier'') and sergeant (''Unterofficier''), while the pip cards represented the common soldier. The Unter is distinguished from the ''Ober (playing card), Ober'' (lit. "over", formerly ''Obermann'') by the fact that the suit sign is located in the lower part of the image on single-headed cards or in the centre of the image on double-headed cards. Unters or ''Untermänner'' were described ...
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