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Diploma Of Froa
The Diploma of Froa ( hu, Froa-oklevél) is a royal charter issued in 1181 by King Béla III of Hungary, in which he approved a transaction between two of his subjects. Hungarian historiography considered for a long time that the monarch ordered the introduction of clerkly literacy in the ''arenga'' (prologue) of the document, which was then followed by the establishment of a permanent chancellery in the royal court. Appearance The diploma is a 35.5 × 25.5 cm Nordic parchment cut into a rectangular shape, reinforced with a hanging seal, and chirographed along a straight line. It is a ceremonial certificate, which, however, does not contain any graphic symbols apart from the initial 'Q', its text is written in black ink in early Gothic script. In its first line, as is typical for more decorative diplomas, there are elongated letters (''sciptura longior''). Regarding its structure, according to archivist László Fejérpataky, the diploma shows primitive, undeveloped forms: "It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simon Of Kéza
Simon of Kéza ( hu, Kézai Simon) was the most famous Hungarian chronicler of the 13th century. He was a priest in the royal court of king Ladislaus IV of Hungary. In 1270–1271, bearing the title "master" (''magister''), Simon was part of a diplomatic mission led by Sixtus of Esztergom. Andrew of Hungary was also a part of this mission. Sent by King Stephen V of Hungary to congratulate King Charles I of Sicily on the latter's return from the Eighth Crusade, the delegation travelled via Naples to Catona and Messina in December and January, then back with Charles to Rome in February., at ic–cii. His most important work is ''Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum'', written in Latin around 1282, in which he gives a vivid description of the history of the Huns and the Hungarians (whom he considered relatives), from the legendary beginnings until the contemporary period. As a personal secretary of the king, he worked in the royal archives and collected his material from older chronicles c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic Archdiocese Of Alba Iulia
:''There is also a Romanian Orthodox Archbishop of Alba Iulia and a Greek Catholic Archdiocese of Făgăraş and Alba Iulia.'' The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Alba Iulia ( hu, Gyulafehérvári Római Katolikus Érsekség) is a Latin Church Catholic archdiocese in Transylvania, Romania. History It was established as a bishopric, the diocese of Transylvania also called Erdély (in Hungarian), or Karlsburg alias Siebenbürgen (in German), in 1009 by King Stephen I of Hungary and was renamed as the diocese of Alba Iulia on 22March 1932. It was raised to the rank of an archdiocese by Pope John Paul II on 5August 1991. It is exempt, i.e. directly subordinate to the Vatican, while the other Romanian dioceses form the Ecclesiastical Province of Bucharest. Bishops Ordinaries ;Bishops *Baranus (1139) *Paul (1181) *Adrian (1192–1201) * Artolf (1244–1245) * Peter Monoszló (1270–1307) *Benedict (1309–1319) *Demetrius (1368–1376) * János Statileo (1534–1542) * Pál Bornem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denmark
) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark , established_title = Consolidation , established_date = 8th century , established_title2 = Christianization , established_date2 = 965 , established_title3 = , established_date3 = 5 June 1849 , established_title4 = Faroese home rule , established_date4 = 24 March 1948 , established_title5 = EEC accession , established_date5 = 1 January 1973 , established_title6 = Greenlandic home rule , established_date6 = 1 May 1979 , official_languages = Danish , languages_type = Regional languages , languages_sub = yes , languages = GermanGerman is recognised as a protected minority language in the South Jutland area of Denmark. , demonym = , capital = Copenhagen , largest_city = capital , coordinates = , ethnic_groups = , ethnic_gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of France
The Kingdom of France ( fro, Reaume de France; frm, Royaulme de France; french: link=yes, Royaume de France) is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the medieval and early modern period. It was one of the most powerful states in Europe since the High Middle Ages. It was also an early colonial power, with possessions around the world. France originated as West Francia (''Francia Occidentalis''), the western half of the Carolingian Empire, with the Treaty of Verdun (843). A branch of the Carolingian dynasty continued to rule until 987, when Hugh Capet was elected king and founded the Capetian dynasty. The territory remained known as ''Francia'' and its ruler as ''rex Francorum'' ("king of the Franks") well into the High Middle Ages. The first king calling himself ''rex Francie'' ("King of France") was Philip II, in 1190, and officially from 1204. From then, France was continuously ruled by the Capetians and their cad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Marsina
Richard Marsina (4 May 1923 – 25 March 2021) was a Slovak historian, one of the founders of modern Slovak histography and a prominent expert on the medieval history of Slovakia.Dvořák, Pavel: Stopy dávnej minulosti 3, 2004 - str. 288 His scientific activities include research and publication of medieval sources, research of the oldest settlements in Slovakia, medieval towns, the history of Great Moravia, the Christianisation of Slovakia and of the Kingdom of Hungary and the oldest history of the Bishopric of Nitra. He worked in leading position at various scientific institutions like the Institute of History of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), the Slovak Society for History, the Scientific Board for Historical Sciences, Trnava University in Trnava, the Department of History at Matica slovenská and others. In the 1960s, he also worked at the research institute of SAS in Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the nin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fresco-secco
Fresco-secco (or a secco or fresco finto) is a wall painting technique where pigments mixed with an organic binder and/or lime are applied onto a dry plaster. The paints used can e.g. be casein paint, tempera, oil paint, silicate mineral paint. If the pigments are mixed with lime water or lime milk and applied to a dry plaster the technique is called lime secco painting. The secco technique contrasts with the fresco technique, where the painting is executed on a layer of wet plaster. Because the pigments do not become part of the wall, as in buon fresco, fresco-secco paintings are less durable. The colors may flake off the painting as time goes by, but this technique has the advantages of a longer working time and retouchability. In Italy, fresco technique was reintroduced around 1300 and led to an increase in the general quality of mural painting. This technological change coincided with the realistic turn in Western art and the changing liturgical use of murals. The trea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mihály Horváth
Mihály Horváth (20 October 1809, Szentes – 19 August 1878, Karlsbad) was a Hungarian Roman Catholic bishop, historian, and politician. He was an exponent of Hungarian nationalism Hungarian nationalism developed in the late 18th century and early 19th century along the classic lines of scholarly interest leading to political nationalism and mass participation. In the 1790s, Hungarian nobles pushed for the adoption of Hungar ... with an emphasis on its historical culture. Further reading * Baar, Monika. ''Historians and Nationalism: East-Central Europe in the Nineteenth Century'' (2010excerpt pp 35–40 and passim External links * ttps://web.archive.org/web/20051111214451/http://www.tti.hu/mtt/mtt_hist.htm His activity in the Hungarian Historical Society (in Hungarian: Magyar Történelmi Társulat). 1809 births 1878 deaths People from Szentes 19th-century Hungarian historians 19th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Hungary Education ministers of Hungary [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
György Pray
György Pray (also: ''George Pray'', 11 September 1723 - 23 September 1801) was a Hungarian Jesuit Abbot, canon, librarian of the University library of Buda and important historian. Biography He was born at Érsekújvár (Nové Zámky) on 11 September 1723 in a family which came from the Puster Valley in the County of Tyrol. He studied in Pressburg (present day Bratislava), entered the Society of Jesus in 1745, spent two years in the Jesuit college (St. Ann's) in the Austrian imperial capital Vienna and completed his higher studies at Nagyszombat (Trnava). He taught at Nagyvárad (Oradea), Trencsén (Trenčín), Nagyszombat and Pressburg. In 1754 he was ordained priest and continued teaching, now in Rozsnyó (Rožňava) and in the Theresianum at Vienna, where he was professor of political science, and at the same time tutor to the princesses of House of Salm, Salm. He was professor in Győr (1758), Nagyszombat (1759) and Buda (1760), where he lectured, among other subjects, on m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander, Margrave Of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Christian Friedrich Carl Alexander (german: Christian Friedrich Karl Alexander; 24 February 1736 – 5 January 1806) was the last margrave of the two Franconian principalities, Bayreuth and Ansbach, which he sold to the King of Prussia, a fellow member of the House of Hohenzollern. Life His parents were Charles William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, and Friederike Luise of Prussia, daughter of King Frederick William I of Prussia, sister of Frederick II of Prussia, a granddaughter of the British King George I and niece of the reigning British King George II (who would die aged 77 and leave his grandson, Charles's second cousin, as King George III, when Charles was 24). After the sudden death of his elder brother Carl Frederick August on 9 May 1737, "Alexander", as he later called himself, became Crown Prince of the principality. From 1748 to 1759, he studied at Utrecht. As the young "Count of Sayn" (the county of Sayn-Altenkirchen in the Westerwald having been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Béla IV Of Hungary
Béla IV (1206 – 3 May 1270) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1235 and 1270, and Duke of Styria from 1254 to 1258. As the oldest son of King Andrew II, he was crowned upon the initiative of a group of influential noblemen in his father's lifetime in 1214. His father, who strongly opposed Béla's coronation, refused to give him a province to rule until 1220. In this year, Béla was appointed Duke of Slavonia, also with jurisdiction in Croatia and Dalmatia. Around the same time, Béla married Maria, a daughter of Theodore I Laskaris, Emperor of Nicaea. From 1226, he governed Transylvania as duke. He supported Christian missions among the pagan Cumans who dwelled in the plains to the east of his province. Some Cuman chieftains acknowledged his suzerainty and he adopted the title of King of Cumania in 1233. King Andrew died on 21 September 1235 and Béla succeeded him. He attempted to restore royal authority, which had diminished under his father. For this purpose, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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