|
Detroit And Lake Superior Smelter
The Detroit and Lake Superior Smelter was a copper smelter located near Hancock, Michigan on the Keweenaw Waterway. It was opened in 1860 by the Portage Lake Copper Company. The company later merged with the Waterbury and Detroit Copper Company to form the Detroit and Lake Superior Company. The Calumet and Hecla Mining Company used the smelter until it built its own near Hubbell, Michigan and Black Rock, New York in 1887 and 1891 respectively. Some of the buildings still exist and are currently used by the Houghton County Road Commission. See also * List of Copper Country smelters * Copper mining in Michigan Copper mining in Michigan became an important industry in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Its rise marked the start of copper mining as a major industry in the United States. Geology Within the state of Michigan, copper is found almost ex ... References Metallurgical facilities in Michigan Calumet and Hecla Mining Company Copper smelters Metal compani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copper Smelting
Smelting is a process of applying heat to ore, to extract a base metal. It is a form of extractive metallurgy. It is used to extract many metals from their ores, including silver, iron, copper, and other base metals. Smelting uses heat and a chemical reducing agent to decompose the ore, driving off other elements as gases or slag and leaving the metal base behind. The reducing agent is commonly a fossil fuel source of carbon, such as coke—or, in earlier times, charcoal. The oxygen in the ore binds to carbon at high temperatures due to the lower potential energy of the bonds in carbon dioxide (). Smelting most prominently takes place in a blast furnace to produce pig iron, which is converted into steel. The carbon source acts as a chemical reactant to remove oxygen from the ore, yielding the purified metal element as a product. The carbon source is oxidized in two stages. First, the carbon (C) combusts with oxygen (O2) in the air to produce carbon monoxide (CO). S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hancock, Michigan
Hancock is a city in Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is across the Keweenaw Waterway from the city of Houghton on the Keweenaw Peninsula. The population was 4,634 at the 2010 census. The Weather Channel has consistently ranked Hancock as the third-snowiest city in the U.S. Hancock was named after U.S. Founding Father John Hancock. History The story of Hancock began during the summers of 1847 and 1848, when a small group of prospectors laboring on a rugged hillside (later named Quincy Hill) discovered a sequence of prehistoric Ojibwe copper mining pits, stretching out for 100 feet along the local amygdaloid lode. Upon inspecting one, they realized that the Native Americans were able to take copper in small quantities through these pits. The discovery formed the basis upon which the Quincy Mining Company was created in October 1848, under a special charter granted by the legislature. The earliest building in what is now the City of Hancock was a log cabin e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keweenaw Waterway
The Keweenaw Waterway is a partly natural, partly artificial waterway which cuts across the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan; it separates Copper Island from the mainland. Parts of the waterway are variously known as the Keweenaw Waterway, Portage Canal, Portage Lake Canal, Portage River, Lily Pond, Torch Lake, and Portage Lake. The waterway connects to Lake Superior at its north and south entries (upper and lower portage entry lighthouses), with sections known as Portage Lake and Torch Lake in between. The primary tributary to Portage Lake is the Sturgeon River. History The waterway was dredged in the 1860s, extending a small river previously used by natives for transportation and fishing. The effort was a joint venture between the United States government and several mining corporations. Legislation for construction of the canal was passed in 1861. This legislation created the Portage Lake & Lake Superior Canal Co. The company began construction of the canal in September 1868 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portage Lake Copper Company
Portage or portaging (Canada: ; ) is the practice of carrying water craft or cargo over land, either around an obstacle in a river, or between two bodies of water. A path where items are regularly carried between bodies of water is also called a ''portage.'' The term comes from French, where means "to carry," as in "portable". In Canada, the term "carrying-place" was sometimes used. Early French explorers in New France and French Louisiana encountered many rapids and cascades. The Native Americans carried their canoes over land to avoid river obstacles. Over time, important portages were sometimes provided with canals with locks, and even portage railways. Primitive portaging generally involves carrying the vessel and its contents across the portage in multiple trips. Small canoes can be portaged by carrying them inverted over one's shoulders and the center strut may be designed in the style of a yoke to facilitate this. Historically, voyageurs often employed tump lines on t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waterbury And Detroit Copper Company
Waterbury is a city in the U.S. state of Connecticut on the Naugatuck River, southwest of Hartford and northeast of New York City. Waterbury is the second-largest city in New Haven County, Connecticut. According to the 2020 US Census, in 2020 Waterbury had a population of 114,403. As of the 2010 census, Waterbury had a population of 110,366, making it the 10th largest city in the New York Metropolitan Area, 9th largest city in New England and the 5th largest city in Connecticut. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, Waterbury had large industrial interests and was the leading center in the United States for the manufacture of brassware (including castings and finishings), as reflected in the nickname the "Brass City" and the city's motto ''Quid Aere Perennius?'' ("What Is More Lasting Than Brass?"). It was also noted for the manufacture of watches and clocks ( Timex). The city is alongside Interstate 84 (Yankee Expressway) and Route 8 and has a Metro-North railro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Detroit And Lake Superior Company
Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at the 2020 census, making it the 27th-most populous city in the United States. The metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 4.3 million people, making it the second-largest in the Midwest after the Chicago metropolitan area, and the 14th-largest in the United States. Regarded as a major cultural center, Detroit is known for its contributions to music, art, architecture and design, in addition to its historical automotive background. ''Time'' named Detroit as one of the fifty World's Greatest Places of 2022 to explore. Detroit is a major port on the Detroit River, one of the four major straits that connect the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest regional economy in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumet And Hecla Mining Company
The Calumet and Hecla Mining Company was a major copper-mining company based within Michigan's Copper Country. In the 19th century, the company paid out more than $72 million in shareholder dividends, more than any other mining company in the United States during that period. History In 1864, Edwin J. Hulbert discovered a copper-bearing section of what became known as the Calumet Conglomerate of Precambrian age. The find was in Houghton County, Michigan, between the rich Cliff mine to the northeast, and the copper mines of Portage Lake to the southwest, but a long way from either. Hulbert formed the Hulbert Mining Company in 1864 to acquire the land rights, before creating the Calumet Company in 1865, with Boston investors. The company spun off the Hecla Company the following year, and assigned shares in the new company to Calumet shareholders. Hulbert was a major shareholder in both companies, and was in charge of mine operations. But despite the rich ore, Hulbert did not h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hubbell, Michigan
Hubbell is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the CDP population was 946, down from 1,105 at the 2000 census. The community is partially within Torch Lake Township and partially within Osceola Township. The community is on the west shore of Torch Lake on M-26, about southwest of the village of Lake Linden at . The ZIP code is 49934 and the FIPS place code is 39680. It is named after Jay Abel Hubbell, a U.S. Representative (1873–1882) from the area. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.57%, are water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 1,105 people, 411 households, and 286 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 467 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.64% White, 0.09% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Rock, New York
Black Rock, once an independent municipality, is now a neighborhood of the northwest section of the city of Buffalo, New York. In the 1820s, Black Rock was the rival of Buffalo for the terminus of the Erie Canal, but Buffalo, with its larger harbor capacity and greater distance from the shores of Canada, a recent antagonist during the War of 1812, won the competition. Black Rock took its name from a large outcropping of black limestone along the Niagara River, which was blasted away in the early 1820s to make way for the canal. History In spite of losing the Erie Canal terminus to Buffalo and twice being burned to the ground by the British during the War of 1812, Black Rock continued to prosper. In 1814, a small group of American riflemen defended Black Rock and neighboring Buffalo from a British assault and, in 1839, it was incorporated as a town. In 1853, the City of Buffalo annexed the town of Black Rock. Because of its strategic position across the Niagara River from Canada ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Houghton County, Michigan
Houghton County is a county in the Upper Peninsula in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 37,361. The county seat and largest city is Houghton. Both the county and the city were named for Michigan State geologist and Detroit Mayor Douglass Houghton. Houghton County is part of the Houghton Micropolitan Statistical Area, which also includes Keweenaw County, and was part of Copper Country during the mining boom of the latter half of the 19th century and the early part of the 20th century. Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of , of which is land and (33%) is water. The Portage Lift Bridge crosses Portage Lake, connecting Hancock and Houghton, Michigan, by crossing over Portage Lake, which is part of the river and canal system that spans the peninsula. The Portage Lift Bridge is the world's heaviest and widest double-decked vertical lift bridge. Its center span "lifts" to provide of clearance for sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Copper Country Smelters
There were seven copper smelters built in the Copper Country in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan: * Calumet and Hecla smelter - Operated by Calumet and Hecla Mining Company and located north of Hubbell on the shore of Torch Lake * Detroit and Lake Superior Smelter - Near Hancock * Lac La Belle Smelter - In Lac La Belle - Structure was completed, but no furnaces were ever installed. Later was converted by the Keweenaw Central Railroad to a locomotive shop. * Michigan Smelter - Located west of Houghton near Cole's Creek on the Keweenaw waterway. * Quincy Smelter - Located east of Hancock in Ripley on the Keweenaw Waterway * Tamarack/Osceola Smelter - In Dollar Bay * White Pine mine smelter - Was mostly closed in 1982 but continued to process copper and scrap material until 1984U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ''Site Visit Report: Copper Range Company, White Pine Mine''.Document at epa.gov Pages 4-2--4-3. See also * Copper mining in Michigan * List of Copper Country min ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copper Mining In Michigan
Copper mining in Michigan became an important industry in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Its rise marked the start of copper mining as a major industry in the United States. Geology Within the state of Michigan, copper is found almost exclusively in the western portion of the Upper Peninsula, in an area known as the Copper Country. The Copper Country is highly unusual among copper-mining districts, because copper is predominantly found in the form of pure copper metal (''native copper'') rather than the copper oxides or copper sulfides that form the copper ore at almost every other copper-mining district. The copper deposits occur in rocks of Precambrian age, in a thick sequence of northwest-dipping sandstones, conglomerates, ash beds, and flood basalts associated with the Keweenawan Rift. The native copper deposits originate in fissures, steeply dipping veins or in the amygdaloid top portion of the Portage Lake Lava Series lava tops and conglomerate beds. This seri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
