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Datu
''Datu'' is a title which denotes the rulers (variously described in historical accounts as chiefs, sovereign princes, and monarchs) of numerous Indigenous peoples throughout the Philippine archipelago. The title is still used today, though not as much as early Philippine history. It is a cognate of ''datuk'', ''dato'', and ''ratu'' in several other Austronesian languages. Overview In early Philippine history, ''datus'' and a small group of their Cognatic kinship, close relatives formed the "apex stratum" of the traditional three-tier social hierarchy of lowland Philippine societies. Only a member of this birthright aristocracy (called ''maginoo'', ''nobleza'', ''maharlika'', or ''timagua'' by various early chroniclers) could become a ''datu''; members of this elite could hope to become a ''datu'' by demonstrating prowess in war or exceptional leadership. In large coastal polities such as those in Maynila (historical polity), Maynila, Tondo (historical polity), Tondo, Pangasi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madja-as
Madja-as was a legendary precolonial confederacy on the island of Panay in the Philippines. It was mentioned in Pedro Monteclaro's book titled Maragtas. It was supposedly created by Datu Sumakwel to exercise his authority over all the other datus of Panay. Like the Maragtas and the Code of Kalantiaw, the historical authenticity of the confederation is disputed. The ''Maragtas'' legend Background The book of Maragtas The Maragtas is a work by Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro titled (in English translation) ''History of Panay from the first inhabitants and the Bornean immigrants, from which they descended, to the arrival of the Spaniards''. The work is in mixed Hiligaynon and Kinaray-a languages in Iloilo written in 1901 and published in 1907. It is an original work based on written and oral sources available to the author. While the work is disputed, the notion that the Maragtas is an original work of fiction by Monteclaro is disputed by a 2019 Thesis, named "Mga Mara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Datuk
Datuk (or its variant Dato or Datu) is a Malay language, Malay honorific title commonly used in Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia, as well as a traditional title by Minangkabau people in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Use of the title various between locations, in some cases being bestowed by a ruler and in other cases being inherited by family line. The title of the wife of a male Datuk is Datin. Women with the title can take either the title Datin or Datuk. Origin The oldest historical records mentioning about the title ''datuk'' is the 7th century Srivijayan inscriptions such as Telaga Batu inscription, Telaga Batu from Palembang, Indonesia, to describe lesser kings or vassalized kings. It was called ''dātu'' in Old Malay language to describe regional leader or elder, a kind of chieftain that rules of a collection of ''kampungs'' (villages) called Kedatuan. The Srivijaya empire was described as a network or Mandala (Southeast Asian history), mandala that consisted of settlements, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultanate Of Maguindanao
The Sultanate of Maguindanao ( Maguindanaon: ''Kasultanan nu Magindanaw'', Jawi: كسولتانن نو مڬیندنو; Filipino: ''Kasultanan ng Mangindánaw'') was a Sunni Muslim sultanate that ruled parts of the island of Mindanao, in the southern Philippines, especially in modern-day Maguindanao provinces ( Maguindanao del Sur and Maguindanao del Norte), Soccsksargen, Zamboanga Peninsula and Davao Region. Its known historical influence stretches from the peninsula of Zamboanga to bay of Sarangani until Davao Gulf. During the era of European colonization, the sultanate maintained friendly relations with British and Dutch traders. History Chinese records According to the Yuan annals of 1304 in the ''Nanhai Zhi'', a polity known as Wenduling or BintolangWenduling is the Mandarin transliteration, while Bintolang is the Hokkien transliteration for the Chinese characters 文杜陵. (文杜陵) was once a vassal state of Po-ni. According to Wang Zhenping, Wenduling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultanate Of Sulu
The Sultanate of Sulu (; ; ) is a Sunni Muslim subnational monarchy in the Philippines, Republic of the Philippines that includes the Sulu Archipelago, coastal areas of Zamboanga City and certain portions of Palawan in today's Philippines. Historically, the Sultanate included parts of present-day Sabah and North Kalimantan in north-eastern Borneo, but Malaysia does not recognize the territory of North Borneo as part of the Sultanate. The sultanate was founded either on 17 November 1405 or 1457 by Johore-born explorer and Sunni religious scholar Sharif ul-Hāshim of Sulu, Sharif ul-Hashim. ''Paduka Mahasari Maulana al Sultan Sharif ul-Hashim'' became his full regnal name; ''Sharif-ul Hashim'' is his abbreviated name. He settled in Buansa, Sulu. The sultanate gained its independence from the Bruneian Empire in 1578. At its peak, it stretched over the islands that bordered the western peninsula of Zamboanga Peninsula, Zamboanga in Mindanao in the east to Palawan in the north. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confederate States Of Lanao
The Confederate States of Lanao (Maranao language, Maranao: ''Pat a Pangampong sa Ranao'', "Four States of Lanao") is a legislative confederation of the four Maranao states (''pangampong'') of Bayabao, Masiu, Unayan, and Balo-i centered around Lake Lanao in the center of the island of Mindanao, Philippines. This confederation is also sometimes inaccurately referred to as simply the Lanao Sultanate or Sultanate of Lanao. The Confederate States of Lanao, specifically its sultanates, still exists in modern-day Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte. However, all of the Lanao royal houses do not hold any political power in the Philippines. History Before the Maranaos were invaded by the Sultanate of Maguindanao, it already existed as a separate nation. The Chinese chronicle ''Zhufan Zhi'' (諸蕃志) published in 1225, described it as a country southeast of Shahuagong (Sanmalan) in present-day Zamboanga City, a country called "Maluonu", of which this is what the chronicles have to say. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bo-ol
Dapitan Kingdom (also called Bool Kingdom) is the term used by local historians of Bohol, Philippines, to refer to the Dauis– Mansasa polity in the modern city of Tagbilaran and the adjacent island of Panglao. The volume of artifacts unearthed in the sites of Dauis and Mansasa may have inspired the creation of the legend of the "Dapitan Kingdom" through piecing together the oral legends of the Eskaya people and historical events such as the Ternatan raid of Bohol and the migration of Boholanos under Datu Pagbuaya to Dapitan. History Early history In the early 17th century, Father Ignacio Alcina recorded that a certain Datung Sumanga of Leyte wooed the princess Bugbung Humasanum, of Bohol, and married her after raiding Imperial China and afterwards were the precursors of the people there. In 1667, Father Francisco Combes, in his ''Historia de Mindanao'', mentioned that the people of the island of Panglao had once invaded mainland Bohol, subsequently imposing their economic an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nobility
Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally appointed by and ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. The characteristics associated with nobility may constitute substantial advantages over or relative to non-nobles or simply formal functions (e.g., precedence), and vary by country and by era. Membership in the nobility, including rights and responsibilities, is typically hereditary and patrilineal. Membership in the nobility has historically been granted by a monarch or government, and acquisition of sufficient power, wealth, ownerships, or royal favour has occasionally enabled commoners to ascend into the nobility. There are often a variety of ranks within the noble class. Legal recognition of nobility has been much more common in monarchies, but nobility also existed in such regimes as the Dutch Republic (1581–1795), the Republic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tondo (historical Polity)
Tondo (; Baybayin: , Kapampangan language, Kapampangan: Balayan ning Tundo), sometimes referred to as the Kingdom of Tondo, was a Tagalog and Kapampangan settlement which served as a major trade hub located on the northern part of the List of islands in the Greater Manila Area, Pasig River delta on Luzon Island. Together with Maynila (historical polity), Maynila, the polity (''bayan'') that was also situated on the southern part of the Pasig River delta, Tondo had established a shared monopoly on the trade of Chinese goods throughout the rest of the Philippine archipelago, making it an established force in trade throughout Southeast Asia and East Asia. Tondo is of particular interest to Filipino historians and historiography, historiographers because it is one of the oldest historically documented settlements in the Philippines. Scholars generally agree that it was mentioned in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription, the Philippines' oldest extant locally produced written document, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maynila (historical Polity)
Maynila, also known commonly as Manila, was a major Islamic Tagalog '' bayan'' ("country" or "city-state") situated along the modern-day district of Intramuros in the city of Manila, at the southern bank of the Pasig River.Abinales, Patricio N. and Donna J. Amoroso, State and Society in the Philippines. Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005. It was considered to be one of the most cosmopolitan of the early historic settlements on the Philippine archipelago, fortified with a wooden palisade which was appropriate for the predominant battle tactics of its time. At the northern bank of the river lies the separately-led polity of Tondo. Maynila was led by paramount rulers who were referred to using the Malay title of "Raja". In popular literature and in history texts from the first few decades after Philippine independence, precolonial Maynila is often referred to as the "Kingdom of Maynila", and its Rajas portrayed as "kings," even if they did not exercise sovereignty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Visayas
The Visayas ( ), or the Visayan Islands (Bisayan languages, Visayan: ''Kabisay-an'', ; Filipino language, Filipino: ''Kabisayaan'' ), are one of the three Island groups of the Philippines, principal geographical divisions of the Philippines, along with Luzon and Mindanao. Located in the central part of the archipelago, it consists of several islands, primarily surrounding the Visayan Sea, although the Visayas are also considered the northeast extremity of the entire Sulu Sea. Its inhabitants are predominantly the Visayan peoples. The major islands of the Visayas are Panay, Negros, Cebu Island, Cebu, Bohol Island, Bohol, Leyte and Samar. The region may also include the provinces of Palawan, Romblon, and Masbate, whose populations identify as Visayan and whose languages are more closely related to other Visayan languages than to the major languages of Luzon. There are four administrative Regions of the Philippines, regions in the Visayas: Western Visayas (pop. 4.73 million), Neg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rajahnate Of Butuan
Butuan, sometimes referred to as the Kingdom of Butuan (; Butuanon: ; ; ), was a precolonial Bisaya Hindu polity (''lungsod'') centered around northeastern Mindanao island in present-day Butuan, Philippines. It was known for its gold mining, gold jewelry and other wares, and its extensive trade network across maritime Southeast Asia and elsewhere. Over its long history the lungsod had direct trading relationships with the ancient civilizations of China, Champa, Đại Việt, Pon-i (Brunei), Srivijaya, Majapahit, Kambuja, and even Persia as well as areas now comprised in Thailand. The balangay (large outrigger boats) that have been found along the east and west banks of the Libertad River (the old Agusan River) have revealed much about Butuan's history. As a result, Butuan is considered to have been a major trading port in the Caraga region during the precolonial era. Etymology The name ''Butuan'' is believed to have existed long before the Spanish conquistadores arri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lakan
In History of the Philippines (900–1521), early Philippine history, the Filipino styles and honorifics, rank of ''lakan'' denoted a "paramount ruler" (or more specifically, "''paramount datu''") of one of the large coastal barangays (known as a "bayan") on the central and southern regions of the island of Luzon. Overview The ''lakan'' was democratically selected by other ruling datus from among themselves to serve as their "''pangulo''" (head). Writers such as William Henry Scott (historian), William Henry Scott have suggested that this rank is equivalent to that of rajah, and that different ethnic groups either used one term or the other, or used the two words interchangeably.Scott, William Henry, Barangay: Sixteenth-Century Philippine Culture and Society, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1994. But other writers such as Nick Joaquin have suggested that the usage of the term "rajah" specifically indicates leadership of a bayan or barangay which has extensive tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
