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Chibcha Language
Chibcha, Mosca, Muisca, Muysca (*/ˈmɨska/ * ˆmʷɨska, or Muysca de Bogotá is a language spoken by the Muisca people, one of the many indigenous cultures of the Americas. The Muisca inhabit the Altiplano Cundiboyacense of what today is the country of Colombia. The name of the language ''Muysc cubun'' in its own language means "language of the people", from ''muysca'' ("people") and ''cubun'' ("language" or "word"). Despite the disappearance of the language in the 17th century (approximately), several language revitalization processes are underway within the current Muisca communities. The Muisca people remain ethnically distinct and their communities are recognized by the Colombian state. Important scholars who have contributed to the knowledge of the Muisca language include Juan de Castellanos, Bernardo de Lugo, José Domingo Duquesne and Ezequiel Uricoechea. Classification The Muysca language is part of the Chibcha linguistic family, which in turn belongs to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Altiplano Cundiboyacense
The Altiplano Cundiboyacense () is a high plateau located in the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes covering parts of the departments of Cundinamarca and Boyacá. (Do not confuse with The Altiplano or the Altiplano Nariñense, both further south.) The altiplano corresponds to the ancient territory of the Muisca. The Altiplano Cundiboyacense comprises three distinctive flat regions; the Bogotá savanna, the valleys of Ubaté and Chiquinquirá, and the valleys of Duitama and Sogamoso. The average altitude of the altiplano is about above sea level but ranges from roughly to . Etymology ''Altiplano'' in Spanish means "high plain" or "high plateau", the second part is a combination of the departments Cundinamarca and Boyacá. Geography The limits of the Altiplano are not strictly defined. The high plateau is enclosed by the higher mountains of the Eastern Ranges, with the Sumapaz mountains in the south and Chingaza to the east. The Tenza Valley is locate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arauca Department
Arauca () is a departments of Colombia, department of Eastern Colombia located in the extreme north of the Orinoco River, Orinoco Basin of Colombia (the OrinoquÃa Region, Llanos Orientales), bordering Venezuela. The southern boundary of Arauca is formed by the Casanare River, Casanare and Meta Rivers, separating Arauca from the departments of Casanare Department, Casanare and Vichada Department, Vichada. To the west, Arauca borders the department of Boyacá Department, Boyacá. The Caño Limón oil fields located within Arauca account for almost a third of the Colombian Petroleum, oil output. Its capital is the town of Arauca, Arauca, Arauca. Etymology The name Arauca is believed to derive from the name of an Indigenous people, who are thought to be related to the Arawak or Arhuaco people. Some have also speculated that the name Arauca is connected with the Araucanian or Mapuche Indians of Chile and Argentina. History The first list of conquistadors in Colombia, conquistado ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maléku Language
The Maléku JaÃka language, also called Malecu, Maleku, Guatuso, Watuso-Wétar, and Guetar, is an Indigenous American language of the Chibchan family spoken in Costa Rica. Classification The Maléku JaÃka language is a member of the Votic branch of the Chibchan language family. Maléku, or 'the speech of our people', is considered to be endangered according to ''The Endangered Languages Project''. According to the 2011 National Population Census, 67.5% of the population that lives in the official Maléku territory declared that they speak the language; however, the state of vitality varies from one village to another and even among families (Sánchez 2011). In any case, following the parameters of UNESCO, the language can be classified as definitively endangered (Sánchez 2013). History The Maleku people (usually called "Guatusos" in historical documents, travel chronicles of the 19th and 20th centuries, and in multiple academic studies) constitute one of the original peopl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boruca Language
The Boruca language (in Boruca: ; also known as Bronka, Bronca, Brunca) is the native language of the Boruca people of Costa Rica. Boruca belongs to the Isthmian branch of the Chibchan languages. Though exact speaker numbers are uncertain, UNESCO’s Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger has listed Boruca as "critically endangered". It was spoken fluently by only five women in 1986, while 30 to 35 others spoke it non-fluently. The rest of the tribe's 1,000 members speak Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many countries in the Americas **Spanish cuisine **Spanish history **Spanish culture .... Boruca is taught as a second language at the local primary school Escuela Doris Z. Stone. One can hear Bronka words and phrases mixed into Spanish conversations but it is extremely rare to hear prolonged exchanges in Bronka. Grammar The personal p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Costa Rica
Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America. It borders Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as Maritime boundary, maritime border with Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island. It has a population of around five million in a land area of nearly . An estimated people live in the capital and largest city, San José, Costa Rica, San José, with around two million people in the surrounding metropolitan area. The sovereign state is a Presidential system, presidential republic. It has a long-standing and stable Constitution of Costa Rica, constitutional democracy and a highly educated workforce. The country spends roughly 6.9% of its budget (2016) on education, compared to a global average of 4.4%. Its economy, once heavily dependent on agriculture, has diversified to include sectors such as finance, corporate services for foreign companies, pharmaceut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panama
Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the south. Its capital and largest city is Panama City, whose metropolitan area is home to nearly half of the country's over million inhabitants. Before the arrival of Spanish Empire, Spanish colonists in the 16th century, Panama was inhabited by a number of different Indigenous peoples of Panama, indigenous tribes. It Independence Act of Panama, broke away from Spain in 1821 and joined the Republic of Gran Colombia, a union of Viceroyalty of New Granada, Nueva Granada, Ecuador, and Venezuela. After Gran Colombia dissolved in 1831, Panama and Nueva Granada eventually became the Republic of Colombia. With the backing of the United States, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, allowing the construction of the Panama Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guaymà Language
GuaymÃ, or Ngäbere, also known as Movere, ChiriquÃ, and Valiente, is a Chibchan language spoken by the Indigenous Ngäbe people in Panama and Costa Rica. The people refer to themselves as ''Ngäbe'' () and to their language as ''Ngäbere'' . The Ngäbes are the most populous of Panama's several Indigenous peoples. The language is centered in Panama within the semi-autonomous Indigenous reservation known as the Comarca Ngäbe-Buglé. Beginning in the 1950s, Costa Rica began to receive Ngäbe immigrants, where they are found in several Indigenous reservations: Abrojos Montezuma, Conteburica, Coto Brus, Guaymà de Alto Laguna de Osa, and Altos de San Antonio.Murillo Miranda, J. M. (2009). The nominal phrase ngäbére. Forma y Función, 22(2), 43-69. Language family Ngäbere is part of the Chibchan language family, which is Indigenous to an area that extends from eastern Honduras to northern Colombia. Ngäbere is one of two languages classified under a group called GuaymÃ. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darién Gap
The Darién Gap (, , ) is a geographic region that connects the Americas, American continents, stretching across southern Panama's Darién Province and the northern portion of Colombia's Chocó Department. Consisting of a large drainage basin, dense rainforest, and mountains, it is known for its remoteness, difficult terrain, and extreme environment, with a reputation as one of the most inhospitable regions in the world. Nevertheless, as the only land bridge between North and South America, the Darién Gap has historically served as a major route for both humans and wildlife. The geography of the Darién Gap is highly diverse. The Colombian side is dominated primarily by the river delta of the Atrato River, which creates a flat marshland at least wide. The Tanela River, which flows toward Atrato, was Hispanicized to Darién by 16th Century European conquistadors. The SerranÃa del Baudó mountain range extends along Colombia's Pacific coast and into Panama. The Panamanian side ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guna Language
The Guna language (formerly Kuna or Cuna), spoken by the Guna people of Panama and Colombia, belongs to the Chibchan language family. History The Guna were living in what is now Northern Colombia and the Darién Province of Panama at the time of the Spanish invasion, and only later began to move westward towards what is now Guna Yala due to a conflict with Spanish and other Indigenous groups. Centuries before the conquest, the Guna arrived in South America as part of a Chibchan migration moving east from Central America. At the time of the Spanish invasion, they were living in the region of Uraba and near the borders of what are now Antioquia and Caldas. Alonso de Ojeda and Vasco Núñez de Balboa explored the coast of Colombia in 1500 and 1501. They spent the most time in the Gulf of Urabá, where they made contact with the Guna. In far-eastern Guna Yala, the community of New Caledonia is near the site where Scottish explorers tried, unsuccessfully, to establish a colony ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sierra Nevada De Santa Marta
The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (English: ''Snow-Covered Mountain Range of Saint Martha'') is an isolated mountain range in northern Colombia, separate from the Andes range that runs through the north of the country. Reaching an elevation of just from the Caribbean coast, the Sierra Nevada is the highest coastal range in the tropics, and one of the highest coastal ranges in the world, being shorter than the Saint Elias Mountains in Canada. The Sierra Nevada encompasses about and serves as the source of 36 rivers. The range is in the Departments of Magdalena, Cesar and La Guajira. The highest point of the Sierra Nevada group (and Colombia in general) may be either Pico Cristóbal Colón or Pico Simón BolÃvar, both in the municipalities of Santa Marta and Aracataca; it has yet to be determined which is higher. SRTM data and local topographic maps show that their true elevations are approximately , lower than the elevation that is often quoted. The Sierra Nevada i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kogi Language
Kogi (Cogui), or Kagaba (Cágaba) (), is a Chibchan language of Colombia. It forms a separate Arwako branch along with the Iku and Damana languages. The Kogi people are almost entirely monolingual, and maintain the only unconquered Andean civilization The Andean civilizations were South American complex societies of many indigenous people. They stretched down the spine of the Andes for from southern Colombia, to Ecuador and Peru, including the deserts of coastal Peru, to north Chile and no .... Phonology * /e, ẽ/ can also be heard as ›, ɛ̃when in unstressed syllables. * Affricate sounds s, dz, tʃ, dÊ’are heard when sibilant sounds /s, z, ʃ, Ê’/ precede /n/. If /t, d/ precede /i/ then they are realized as affricates ʃ, dÊ’ * /n/ before /i/ may be realized as a palatal ² Grammar The language is mostly verb-final, with the dominant word order subject–object–verb. Adjectives follow the nouns they modify. Verbs are inflected for subject (either a prefi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magdalena Department
Magdalena () is a Departments of Colombia, department of Colombia, located in the north of the country by the Caribbean Sea, with more than 1.3 million people. The capital of the Magdalena Department is Santa Marta and was named after the Magdalena River. The department inherited the name of one of the original nine states of the United States of Colombia that its current territory integrated. Geography Location The Department of Magdalena is located on the North Coast of the Colombian Caribbean Region of Colombia, Caribbean Region. On the north it borders the Caribbean Sea. On the Cardinal direction, northeast it borders the La Guajira Department, being divided by the Palomino River. On the east it borders with the Cesar Department, which is in part divided by the Guaranà River. On the west, it is divided by the Magdalena River, and it borders the departments of Atlántico Department, Atlantico in the Cardinal direction, Northwest, and BolÃvar Department, BolÃvar in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
