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Water Supply And Sanitation In India
In 2020, 97.7% of Indians had access to the basic water and sanitation facilities. India faces challenges ranging from Water source, sourcing water for its megacities to its Water distribution system, distribution network which is Intermittent water supply, intermittent in rural areas with continuous distribution networks just beginning to emerge. Non-revenue water is a challenge. The share of Indians with access to Improved water source, improved sources of water increased significantly from 72% in 1990 to 88% in 2008 and currently stands at 97.7% in 2020. In 1980, rural sanitation coverage was estimated at 1%. By 2018, it reached 95%.UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation estimate for 2008 based on the 2006 Demographic and Health Survey, the 2001 census, other data and the extrapolation of previous trends to 2010. However, many people still lack access to water and sewage infrastructure. Water supply Cities In 2005 none of the 35 Indian ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Policy
A state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterally or through multilateral platforms.Foreign policy ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' (published January 30, 2020). The '' Encyclopedia Britannica'' notes that a government's foreign policy may be influenced by "domestic considerations, the policies or behaviour of other states, or plans to advance specific geopolitical designs." History The idea of long-term management of relationships followed the development of professional |
Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation
The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC; IAST: ), also known as the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM), is the governing civic body of Mumbai, the capital city of Maharashtra. It is India's richest municipal corporation. The BMC's annual budget exceeds that of some of India's smaller states. It was established under the Bombay Municipal Corporation Act 1888. BMC is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city and some suburbs. Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation has been formed with functions to improve the infrastructure of town. __TOC__ Administration The BMC is headed by an IAS officer who serves as Municipal Commissioner, wielding executive power. A quinquennial election is held to elect corporators, who are responsible for basic civic infrastructure and enforcing duty. The Mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the collection and storage of rain, rather than allowing it to run off. Rainwater is collected from a roof-like surface and redirected to a tank, cistern, deep pit (well, shaft, or borehole), aquifer, or a reservoir with percolation, so that it seeps down and restores the ground water. Dew and fog can also be collected with nets or other tools. Rainwater harvesting differs from stormwater harvesting as the runoff is typically collected from roofs and other surfaces for storage and subsequent reuse. Its uses include watering gardens, livestock, irrigation, domestic use with proper treatment, and domestic heating. The harvested water can also be committed to longer-term storage or groundwater recharge. Rainwater harvesting is one of the simplest and oldest methods of self-supply of water for households, having been used in South Asia and other countries for many thousands of years. Installations can be designed for different scales including household ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malkapur, Karad
Malkapur is a town in Satara district in the southern part of Indian state of Maharashtra. It lies beside the city of Karad and along the NH4 highway. It had one of the highest revenue-generating (through taxes) Gram Panchayats in Maharashtra. Later on due to increasing population and urbanization it was given the status of a town having Municipal Council. The town is well known for its 24×7 water supply to each and every house and at very cheap cost. It is also implementing Solar City Project in which municipal council gives subsidy on purchasing any solar-powered equipment and reducing power dependency on MSEB. Malkapur town is divided into 17 wards for which elections are held every 5 years. History Originally Malkapur was a village with small population near the Karad city. The basic occupation was agriculture with the educated people travelling to Karad and Satara for employment. Due to limited space available in Karad and the proximity to NH4 highway lot of busines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minjur Seawater Desalination Plant
The Minjur Desalination Plant is a reverse osmosis, water desalination plant at Kattupalli village, a northern suburb of Chennai, India, on the coast of the Bay of Bengal that supplies water to the city of Chennai. Built on a 60-acre site, it is the largest desalination plant in India. Construction works were carried out by the Indian company IVRCL and the Spanish company Abengoa, under the direction of the Project Manager Fernando Portillo Vallés and the Construction Manager Juan Ignacio Jiménez-Velasco, who returned to Europe after the inauguration of the plant to work on renewable energy projects. Originally scheduled to be operational by January 2009, the work on the plant was delayed due to Cyclone Nisha in October 2008, which damaged a portion of the completed marine works and destroyed the cofferdam meant for the installation of transition pipes. The trial runs were completed in June 2010 and the plant was opened in July 2010. Water from the plant will be utilised chief ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nemmeli Seawater Desalination Plant
The Nemmeli Desalination Plant is a water desalination plant at Nemmeli, Chennai, on the coast of the Bay of Bengal that supplies water to the city of Chennai. Initially the desalination plant experienced operational issues since the beginning and was shut down most of the time as contractor had installed the desalination plant without dissolved air floatation units leading to severe and regular choking of filters. It is located about 35 km south of the city centre, along the East Coast Road. Built at an exorbitant cost of 5,333.8 million, the plant is the second desalination plant in the city after the 100-MLD (million litres per day) plant at Minjur and itself has a capacity to treat 100 million litres of seawater a day. The plant, inaugurated by the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu M. Karunanidhi on 22 February 2010 and opened by J.Jayalalithaa, was built to provide piped water to residents of south Chennai and the newly merged areas. The plant The plant, owned by Chennai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desalination
Desalination is a process that takes away mineral components from saline water. More generally, desalination refers to the removal of salts and minerals from a target substance, as in soil desalination, which is an issue for agriculture. Saltwater (especially sea water) is desalinated to produce water suitable for human consumption or irrigation. The by-product of the desalination process is brine. Desalination is used on many seagoing ships and submarines. Most of the modern interest in desalination is focused on cost-effective provision of fresh water for human use. Along with recycled wastewater, it is one of the few rainfall-independent water resources. Due to its energy consumption, desalinating sea water is generally more costly than fresh water from surface water or groundwater, water recycling and water conservation. However, these alternatives are not always available and depletion of reserves is a critical problem worldwide. Desalination processes are usin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trivandrum
Thiruvananthapuram (; ), also known by its former name Trivandrum (), is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala. It is the most populous city in Kerala with a population of 957,730 as of 2011. The encompassing urban agglomeration population is around 1.68 million. Located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland, Thiruvananthapuram is a major information technology hub in Kerala and contributes 55% of the state's software exports as of 2016. Referred to by Mahatma Gandhi as the "Evergreen city of India", the city is characterised by its undulating terrain of low coastal hills. The present regions that constitute Thiruvananthapuram were ruled by the Ays who were feudatories of the Chera dynasty. In the 12th century, it was conquered by the Kingdom of Venad. In the 18th century, the king Marthanda Varma expanded the territory, founded the princely state of Travancore, and made Thiruvananthapuram its capital. Travancore became the most dominan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puri
Puri () is a coastal city and a municipality in the state of Odisha in eastern India. It is the district headquarters of Puri district and is situated on the Bay of Bengal, south of the state capital of Bhubaneswar. It is also known as ''Sri Jagannatha Dhama'' after the 12th-century Jagannath Temple located in the city. It is one of the original Char Dham pilgrimage sites for Hindus. Puri is known by several names since the ancient times, and was locally known as "Sri Kshetra" and the Jagannath temple is known as "Badadeula". Puri and the Jagannath Temple were invaded 18 times by Muslim rulers, from the 7th century AD till the early 19th century with the objective of looting the treasures of the temple. Odisha, including Puri and its temple, were part of British India from 1803 till India attained independence in August 1947. Even though princely states do not exist in India today, the heirs of the House of Gajapati still perform the ritual duties of the temple. The templ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamshedpur
Jamshedpur (, ) or Tatanagar is the largest and most populous city in Jharkhand and the first planned industrial city in India. It is a Notified Area Council and Municipal Corporation and also the headquarter of the East Singhbhum district. It is a popular tourist destination known for its forests, ancient temples and royal palaces. It was ranked as the cleanest city of India in the year 2019. It was founded by Jamsetji Tata, founder of the Tata Group, and was named after him. It was established in 1919. Jamshedpur was ranked as the cleanest city of India in 2020 by Swach Survekshan in 2020. Jamshedpur was ranked the 7th cleanest city of India in 2010. The city is also ranked as 2nd in India in terms of quality of life. Jamshedpur is the 84th fastest growing city in the world according to City Mayors Foundation. It is the headquarters of the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand and is the 36th – largest urban agglomeration and 72nd largest city in India by population. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaveri
The Kaveri (also known as Cauvery, the anglicized name) is one of the major Indian rivers flowing through the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The Kaveri river rises at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri range in the Western Ghats, Kodagu district of the state of Karnataka, at an elevation of 1,341 m above mean sea level and flows for about 800 km before its outfall into the Bay of Bengal. It reaches the sea in Poompuhar in Mayiladuthurai district. It is the third largest river after Godavari and Krishna in southern India, and the largest in the State of Tamil Nadu, which, on its course, bisects the state into north and south. In ancient Tamil literature, the river was also called Ponni (the golden maid, in reference to the fine silt it deposits). The Kaveri is a sacred river to the people of South India and is worshipped as the Goddess Kaveriamma (Mother Cauvery). It is considered to be among the seven holy rivers of India. It is extensively used for agricultur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
