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Leather
Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle, sheep, goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, ostriches, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators. Leather can be used to make a variety of items, including clothing, footwear, handbags, furniture, tools and sports equipment, and lasts for decades. Leather making has been practiced for more than 7,000 years and the leading producers of leather today are China and India. Critics of tanneries claim that they engage in unsustainable practices that pose health hazards to the people and the environment near them. Production processes The leather manufacturing process is divided into three fundamental subprocesses: preparatory stages, tanning, and crusting. A further subprocess, finishing, can be added into the leather process sequence, but not all leathers receive finishing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collagen
Collagen () is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of the connective tissues of many animals. It is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up 25% to 35% of protein content. Amino acids are bound together to form a triple helix of elongated fibril known as a collagen helix. It is mostly found in cartilage, bones, tendons, ligaments, and skin. Vitamin C is vital for collagen synthesis. Depending on the degree of biomineralization, mineralization, collagen tissues may be rigid (bone) or compliant (tendon) or have a gradient from rigid to compliant (cartilage). Collagen is also abundant in corneas, blood vessels, the Gut (anatomy), gut, intervertebral discs, and the dentin in teeth. In muscle tissue, it serves as a major component of the endomysium. Collagen constitutes 1% to 2% of muscle tissue and 6% by weight of skeletal muscle. The fibroblast is the most common cell creating collagen in animals. Gelatin, which is used in food and industry, is collagen t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leather Industry In China
The leather industry in China is a significant sector within the country's Manufacturing in China, manufacturing and export economy, recognized as the world's largest producer of leather by volume. It encompasses the production of leather goods, including garments, footwear, and accessories, with major industrial clusters in regions such as Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Hebei provinces. The industry grew substantially since the 1980s, driven by economic reforms, low labor costs, and abundant raw materials. History The leather industry in China has historical roots dating back over 3,000 years to the Shang dynasty, Shang Dynasty, when Tanning (leather), tanning was practiced in areas like Xinji, Hebei Province. However, modern industrial growth began in the early 1980s following China's economic Reform and opening up, reforms and opening-up policies. Small workshops, often established by former state-owned tannery workers, emerged to process Sheepskin, sheepskins and other hides, primari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
