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Zaydani Family
Al-Zayadina (singular: Zaydani or Zidany, also called the Banu Zaydan) were an Arab clan based in the Galilee. They were best known after one of their sheikhs Zahir al-Umar, who, through his tax farms, economic monopolies, popular support, and military strength ruled a semi-autonomous sheikhdom in northern Palestine and adjacent regions in the 18th century.Joudah, 1987, p. 19. History Origins According to the historian Ahmad Hasan Joudah, the origins of the Zayadina are obscure, but that they were of Arab tribal stock. Members of the clan claim descent from Zayd, the son of Hasan ibn Ali and grandson of Ali, the fourth caliph of Islam. However, the historians Mikha'il Sabbagh and Isa al-Ma'luf assert that the clan's ancestor was a man named Zaydan, hence their name ' anuZaydan' (plural: 'Zayadina'). Some historians speculate that the clan was originally from the Hejaz (western Arabia), and that they migrated to the Levant during Saladin's conquest of the region in the late 12th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arab
Arabs (, , ; , , ) are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa. A significant Arab diaspora is present in various parts of the world. Arabs have been in the Fertile Crescent for thousands of years. In the 9th century BCE, the Assyrians made written references to Arabs as inhabitants of the Levant, Mesopotamia, and Arabia. Throughout the Ancient Near East, Arabs established influential civilizations starting from 3000 BCE onwards, such as Dilmun, Gerrha, and Magan (civilization), Magan, playing a vital role in trade between Mesopotamia, and the History of the Mediterranean region, Mediterranean. Other prominent tribes include Midian, ʿĀd, and Thamud mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, Bible and Quran. Later, in 900 BCE, the Qedarites enjoyed close relations with the nearby Canaan#Canaanites, Canaanite and Aramaeans, Aramaean states, and their territory extended from Lower Egypt to the Southern Levant. From 1200 BCE to 110 BCE, powerful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleppo
Aleppo is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous Governorates of Syria, governorate of Syria. With an estimated population of 2,098,000 residents it is Syria's largest city by urban area, and was the largest by population until it was surpassed by Damascus, the capital of Syria. Aleppo is also the largest city in Syria's Governorates of Syria, northern governorates and one of the List of largest cities in the Levant region by population, largest cities in the Levant region. Aleppo is one of List of cities by time of continuous habitation#West Asia, the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world; it may have been inhabited since the sixth millennium BC. Excavations at Tell as-Sawda and Tell al-Ansari, just south of the old city of Aleppo, show that the area was occupied by Amorites by the latter part of the third millennium BC. That is also the time at which Aleppo is first mentioned in cuneiform tablets unearthed in Ebl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dallata
Dallata () was an Arab village, located on a hilltop north of Safad. Constructed upon an ancient site, it was known to the Crusaders as ''Deleha''. Dallata was included in the late 16th century Ottoman census and British censuses of the 20th century. Its inhabitants were primarily agriculturalists, with some involved in carpentry or trade. Dallata was depopulated during the 1948 Palestine war on around May 10, 1948 by the Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. Following the establishment of Israel, the Israeli locality of Dalton was established about southwest of the village site. History Dallata was located on the upper slope of a hill, built on the ruins of an ancient occupied site. Excavations have found remains of settlements and agricultural installation from the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age.Bron, 2009Dalton, Survey/ref> Tombs had been located in the vicinity. An excavation carried out in 2006 on a location halfway between the center of Dallata and the ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kammaneh
Kammaneh (, ) is a Bedouin village in northern Israel. It is the result of the merger between Sawae'd (Kammaneh East) and Kamun (Kammaneh West). Located near Mount Kamun (Jabal Kamun) and to the north of Sakhnin, it falls under the jurisdiction of Misgav Regional Council. In it had a population of . History Kammaneh was founded in the early 19th century when Negev Bedouins began to establish permanent settlements in the Galilee. The Suweid tribe who were one of the first Bedouin tribes to settle in the region found an area atop Mount Kamon (Jabal Kamun) and they named it Kammana or "ambush". They, like most Arabs in the Galilee depended on agriculture for survival. In 1963, Israeli authorities declared Kammaneh or Area 9 as a military training zone endangering inhabitants by stray bullets or mortar rounds. Two years later the village was declared "unrecognized" by the Israeli Ministry of Interior as a part of the Planning and Construction Law. In 1995 the Kammaneh was offic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sallama
Sallama (; ) is a Bedouin village in northern Israel. Located in the Galilee near the Tzalmon Stream, it falls under the jurisdiction of Misgav Regional Council. In its population was . The village was recognized by the state in 1976. History Sallama has been identified as the site of the village of Selamin (Salmon or Tselamon) in the Roman Province of Galilee. At some point between 1688 and 1692, the Zayadina family, who not long before moved to the nearby village of Arraba, had assaulted and destroyed Sallama, whose Druze sheikh controlled the Shaghur subdistrict to which both villages belonged.Firro 1997, pp. 45–46. The Druze subsequently fled Sallama and at least eight other villages in the subdistrict, including Kammaneh and Dallata. At least some of these Druze migrated to the Hauran to join their co-religionists. The Zayadina meanwhile began their influence in the Galilee and gained the tax farm of Shaghur. In 1875, on the top of the site Guérin found the rema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safed Sanjak
Safed Sanjak (; ) was a ''sanjak'' (district) of Damascus Eyalet ( Ottoman province of Damascus) in 1517–1660, after which it became part of the Sidon Eyalet (Ottoman province of Sidon). The sanjak was centered in Safed and spanned the Galilee, Jabal Amil and the coastal cities of Acre and Tyre. The city of Safed was made up of Muslim and Jewish townspeople. At the same time the rest of the sanjak was populated by Sunni Muslims, Bedouins, Metouali Twelver Muslims, and Jewish and Druze peasants. Territory and demographics The territory of Safed Sanjak consisted of the area between the Zahrani River in the north to Mount Carmel (near Haifa) in the south, and the area between the Sea of Galilee in the east and the Mediterranean Sea in the west. Besides Safed, it included the port cities of Acre and Tyre and the entire Galilee and Jabal Amil area. The district had a mixed population of peasants and Bedouin. The inhabitants of the Jabal Amil region were predominantly Shia Muslim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma'n Dynasty
The Ma'n dynasty (, alternatively spelled ''Ma'an''), also known as the Ma'nids; (), were a family of Druze chiefs of Arab stock based in the rugged Chouf District, Chouf area of southern Mount Lebanon who were politically prominent in the 15th–17th centuries. Traditional Lebanese histories date the family's arrival in the Chouf to the 12th century, when they were held to have struggled against the Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem#Lordship of Beirut, Crusader lords of Beirut and Lordship of Sidon, of Sidon alongside their Druze allies, the Buhturids, Tanukh Buhturids. They may have been part of a wider movement by the Muslim rulers of Damascus to settle militarized Arab tribesmen in Mount Lebanon as a buffer against the Crusader strongholds along the Levantine coast. Fakhr al-Din I (), the first member of the family whose historicity is certain, was the "emir of the Chouf", according to contemporary sources and, despite the non-use of mosques by the Druze, founded the Fakhred ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Lebanon
Mount Lebanon (, ; , ; ) is a mountain range in Lebanon. It is about long and averages above in elevation, with its peak at . The range provides a typical alpine climate year-round. Mount Lebanon is well-known for its snow-covered mountains, home to surviving Cedrus libani, Lebanese cedar forests and diverse high-altitude flora and fauna. The name Lebanon itself originates from the white, snow-covered tops of this mountain range. Geography The Mount Lebanon range extends along the entire country for about , parallel to the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast. The highest peak is Qurnat as Sawda', at . The range receives a substantial amount of precipitation, including snow, which averages around in depth.Jin and Krothe. ''Hydrogeology: Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress'', p. 170 Lebanon has historically been defined by the mountains, which provided protection for the local population. In Lebanon, changes in scenery are related less to geographical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Druze
The Druze ( ; , ' or ', , '), who Endonym and exonym, call themselves al-Muwaḥḥidūn (), are an Arabs, Arab Eastern esotericism, esoteric Religious denomination, religious group from West Asia who adhere to the Druze faith, an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic, Monotheism, monotheistic, and Religious syncretism, syncretic religion whose main tenets assert the unity of God, reincarnation, and the eternity of the soul. Although the Druze faith developed from Isma'ilism, Druze do not identify as Muslims. They maintain Arabic language and Arabic culture, culture as integral parts of their identity, with Arabic being their primary language. Most Druze religious practices are kept secret, and conversion to their religion is not permitted for outsiders. Interfaith marriages are rare and strongly discouraged. They differentiate between spiritual individuals, known as "uqqāl", who hold the faith's secrets, and secular ones, known as "juhhāl", who focus on worldly matters. Druze be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emir
Emir (; ' (), also Romanization of Arabic, transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic language, Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocratic, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a history of use in West Asia, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia. In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with "prince", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to a reigning monarch of a sovereign principality, namely an emirate. The female, feminine form is emira ( '), with the same meaning as "princess". Prior to its use as a monarchical title, the term "emir" was historically used to denote a "commander", "general", or "leader" (for example, Amir al-Mu'min). In contemporary usage, "emir" is also sometimes used as either an honorary or formal title for the head of an Islamic, or Arab (regardless of relig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beit HaKerem Valley
Beit HaKerem Valley (), also known as al-Shaghur (), is a valley in the Galilee region in northern Israel. The valley is the dividing feature between the Upper Galilee featuring relatively high mountains and the Lower Galilee to the south, with lower mountains.Dr. Fruchtenbaum, Arnold. ''A Study Guide of Israel, Historical & Geographical''. Ariel Ministries, Tustin, CA, 1999, p. 220. The five Arab local authorities (Bi'ina, Deir al-Asad, Majd al-Krum, Nahf and Rameh) and two Jewish local authorities (Karmiel and Misgav) of the Beit HaKerem Valley have formed a "cluster" of municipalities, connecting municipal leaders to create long-term development strategies, enhance economic development, and attract and receive additional government funding.OECD, Job Creation and Local Economic Development 2016, page 101 Administrative history Under Mamluk rule, in 1370, the Shaghur was part of an ''amal'' (subdistrict) in the province of Safed called 'al-Shaghurayn wa Ma'ilya' and in 1418 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umar Al-Zaydani
Umar al-Zaydani (died 1706) was the ''mutasallim, multazem'' (tax farmer) of Safad and Tiberias, and surrounding villages, between 1697 and 1706 and the ''sanjak-bey'' (district governor) of Safad between 1701 and 1706.Joudah 1987, pp. 20-21. He was appointed by the governor of Sidon Eyalet, Sidon, Arslan Mataraci Pasha, Arslan Mehmed Pasha, the ''sanjak-bey'' (district governor) of Safad Sanjak, Safad.Harris 2012, p. 114. Umar belonged to the al-Zayadina, Zayadina, an Arab clan that was part of the same Qaisi confederation as the semi-autonomous Chehab family, Shihab ''emirs'' (princes) of Mount Lebanon Emirate, Mount Lebanon. Following Emir Mansour's death, Umar succeeded him as ''sanjak-bey''. Umar was the father of Zahir al-Umar. References Bibliography * * {{s-end 1706 deaths 17th-century people from the Ottoman Empire 18th-century people from the Ottoman Empire Ottoman rulers of Galilee People from Arraba, Israel Zaydani family, Omar 17th-century Arab people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
