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Wotu–Wolio Languages
The Wotu–Wolio languages are a group of closely related languages spoken in Sulawesi that belong to the Celebic subgroup of the Austronesian family. Classification The Wotu–Wolio languages comprise five languages which are grouped into three branches: * Kalao– Laiyolo, spoken on the Selayar Islands (South Sulawesi). * Wolio– Kamaru, spoken on Buton Island (Southeast Sulawesi). *'' Wotu'', spoken in Wotu district (South Sulawesi) at the northern shore of the Bone Gulf. While in earlier classifications, Wolio, Laiyolo, and later also Wotu, were included in the Muna–Buton subgroup, Donohue (2004) has shown that based on phonological evidence, the Wotu–Wolio languages form a distinct subgroup of their own. Mead (2003) included the Wotu–Wolio languages as one out of six branches in the Celebic subgroup.Mead, David. (2003). "Evidence for a Celebic supergroup." In Lynch, John (ed.). ''Issues in Austronesian historical phonology'', pp. 115-141. Canberra: Australian N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulawesi
Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. Within Indonesia, only Sumatra, Borneo, and Papua are larger in territory, and only Java and Sumatra have larger populations. The landmass of Sulawesi includes four peninsulas: the northern Minahasa Peninsula, the East Peninsula, the South Peninsula, and the Southeast Peninsula. Three gulfs separate these peninsulas: the Gulf of Tomini between the northern Minahasa and East peninsulas, the Tolo Gulf between the East and Southeast peninsulas, and the Bone Gulf between the South and Southeast peninsulas. The Strait of Makassar runs along the western side of the island and separates the island from Borneo. Etymology The name ''Sulawesi'' possibly comes from the words ''sula'' ("island") and ''besi'' ("iron") and may ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wotu Language
Wotu is an endangered Austronesian language of South Sulawesi, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine .... It belongs to the Wotu–Wolio branch of the Celebic subgroup.Mead, David. (2003). "Evidence for a Celebic supergroup." In Lynch, John (ed.). ''Issues in Austronesian historical phonology'', pp. 115-141. Canberra: Australian National University. (Pacific Linguistics 550) References Wotu–Wolio languages Languages of Sulawesi {{celebic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnologue
''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' (stylized as ''Ethnoloɠue'') is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It was first issued in 1951, and is now published by SIL International, an American Christian non-profit organization. Overview and content ''Ethnologue'' has been published by SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistic service organization with an international office in Dallas, Texas. The organization studies numerous minority languages to facilitate language development, and to work with speakers of such language communities in translating portions of the Bible into their languages. Despite the Christian orientation of its publisher, ''Ethnologue'' isn't ideologically or theologically biased. ''Ethnologue'' includes alternative names and autonyms, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Sulawesi Languages
The South Sulawesi languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian language family. They are primarily spoken in the Indonesian provinces of South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi, with a small outlying pocket in West Kalimantan. Subgrouping Internal classification This classification follows Grimes & Grimes (1987) and the '' Ethnologue''. PSS *pute 'white' :PMP *matay > PSS *mate 'dead' :PMP *suluq > PSS *sulo 'torch' :PMP *pisaw > PSS *piso 'knife' Consonants The velar fricative *ɣ only appears in final position as a reflex of PMP *R, while *z only is found in medial position as a reflex of PMP *j. See also *Languages of Sulawesi *Celebic languages The Celebic languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken on the island of Sulawesi, formerly called ''Celebes.'' Almost all of the languages spoken in the provinces of Central Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi belong to the Cele ... References Citations Bibliography * * * * * * * Further reading * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamuju Language
Mamuju is an Austronesian language spoken on the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia. The dialects of Mamuju include Mamuju, Sumare-Rangas, Padang, and Sinyonyoi. The Mamuju dialect is considered more prestigious. Its written form is based on Latin alphabet. Although Mamuju is traditionally classified as South Sulawesi South Sulawesi ( id, Sulawesi Selatan) is a province in the southern peninsula of Sulawesi. The Selayar Islands archipelago to the south of Sulawesi is also part of the province. The capital is Makassar. The province is bordered by Central Sul ..., it has various words of Wotu–Wolio origin. References External links "Listening to (and Saving) the World's Languages" 29 April 2010 ''New York Times'' article by Sam Roberts Endangered Language Alliance Languages of Sulawesi South Sulawesi languages {{austronesian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaili–Pamona Languages
The Kaili–Pamona languages are a branch of the Celebic subgroup in the Austronesian language family spoken in western Central Sulawesi province, Indonesia. Languages Per the 23rd edition of '' Ethnologue'', languages classed under the Kaili–Pamona languages grouping include the following: *Northern **Kaili: Kaili ( Ledo Kaili, Da'a Kaili, Unde Kaili, Baras), Lindu, Moma (Kulawi), Topoiyo, Sedoa **Pamona: Pamona (Bare’e), Tombelala *Southern ** Rampi ** Uma ** Sarudu ** Badaic: Bada, Behoa (Besoa), Napu Zobel (2020) lists the Kaili–Pamona languages, which he calls ''Northern Kaili–Wolio'', as Common Kaili, Sedoa, Kulawi, Lindu, Topoiyo, Uma, and Pamona. The Badaic languages (Bada, Besoa, and Napu) are excluded and reclassified with the Seko languages as part of the South Sulawesi branch, while Rampi is excluded as a separate branch coordinate to South Sulawesi South Sulawesi ( id, Sulawesi Selatan) is a province in the southern peninsula of Sul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barang-Barang Language
Laiyolo (Layolo) or Loa’ is an Austronesian language of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is spoken at the southern tip of Selayar Island Selayar is the main island of the Selayar Islands (''Kepulauan Selayar''). It lies off the coast of Cape Bira of South Sulawesi Province. The Selayar Straits separate it from the mainland of Sulawesi. Its main city is Benteng, towns to the so ... and belongs to the Wotu–Wolio branch of the Celebic subgroup. Barang-Barang is a variety of Laiyolo.Laidig, Wyn D. and Maingak, Sahabu Dg. 1999. Barang-barang phonology: a preliminary description. In Wyn D. Laidig (ed.), ''Studies in Sulawesi linguistics'', part VI, 46-83. Jakarta, Indonesia: Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. References Wotu–Wolio languages Languages of Sulawesi {{celebic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ledo Kaili Language
Ledo Kaili is the largest member of the Kaili languages, which are a dialect chain within the Kaili–Pamona language family. These languages are spoken in Central Sulawesi (Indonesia). Kaili with all of its dialects is one of the largest languages in Sulawesi. One third of the population of Sulawesi Tengah province were (1979) native speakers of a Kaili language. The object language of this article is the main dialect Ledo, which is spoken in the Donggala and Sigi districts (Kabupaten) in and around the provincial capital Palu. Classification Ledo has Kaili–Pamona morphological and grammatical features, while its lexicon is mainly of Wotu–Wolio origin. Phonology Consonants Vowels Intonation Kaili has word-level stress on the penultimate syllable, secondary stress alternates from there on. Phonotactics Unaffixed words have up to four (in most cases two) syllables with CV structure: *each C = simple C or Nasal + C *each V = simple V from series 1 resp. 2 or V from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muna–Buton Languages
The Muna–Buton languages are a group of languages spoken on the islands of Muna and Buton off the coast of South East Sulawesi province, Indonesia. They belong to the Celebic subgroup of the Austronesian family. Internal classification The ''Ethnologue'' classifies the Muna–Buton languages as follows, based on van den Berg (2003) and Donohue (2004):Mark Donohue. (2004). "The pretenders to the Muna-Buton group". In John Bowden and Nikolaus Himmelmann (eds.), ''Papers in Austronesian subgrouping and dialectology'', 21-35. Canberra: Australian National University. *Nuclear Muna–Buton **Buton ***East Buton: Lasalimu, Kumbewaha ***West Buton: Cia-Cia **Munan *** Busoa ***Munic **** Kaimbulawa ****Western Munic: Liabuku, Muna (Wuna), Pancana, Kioko *Tukangbesi–Bonerate: Tukang Besi, Bonerate In earlier classifications, Wolio, spoken in the city of Baubau (seat of the court of the former Sultanate of Buton) and its immediate surroundings, and Laiyolo, spoken in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulf Of Boni
__NOTOC__ The Gulf of Boni ( id, Teluk Bone), also known as the Gulf of Bone, Bay of Boni, and Bone Bay, is the gulf which divides the South and Southeast Peninsulas of the island of Sulawesi (Celebes) in Indonesia. It opens on the south into the Banda Sea. Extent The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines the Gulf of Boni as being one of the divisions of the East Indian Archipelago. It is defined as the waters north of the "line from Tg. Lassa, Celebes, to the North point of Kabaena () and thence up this meridian to the coast of Celebes". See also *Gulf of Tomini The Gulf of Tomini ( id, Teluk Tomini), also known as the Bay of Tomini, is the equatorial gulf which separates the Minahassa (Northern) and East Peninsulas of the island of Sulawesi (Celebes) in Indonesia. The Togian Islands lie near its cent ... * Gulf of Tolo References Citations Bibliography * . Bays of Indonesia Landforms of Sulawesi Landforms of South Sulawesi Landforms of Southea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southeast Sulawesi
Southeast Sulawesi ( id, Sulawesi Tenggara) is a province on the island of Sulawesi, forming the southeastern peninsula of that island, together with a number of substantial offshore islands such as Buton, Muna, Kabaena and Wawonii (formerly called Wowoni), together with many smaller islands. The capital is the city of Kendari, on the east coast of the peninsula. The province has no highway road connecting to the rest of the island, and the primary transportation link is a ferry across the Bone Gulf between Watampone (Bone) in South Sulawesi and the port of Kolaka in Southeast Sulawesi. History From the seventeenth century until the early twentieth century, the region was the site of the (Butung). Geography The two major mountain ranges in Southeast Sulawesi are the Tanggeasinua Range and the Mekongga Range. The major rivers are the Lalinda, the Lasolo, and the Sampara. Demographics The population of the province was 2,232,586 at the 2010 decennial census (1,120,2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
