Water Supply And Sanitation In Malaysia
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Water Supply And Sanitation In Malaysia
Water supply and sanitation in Malaysia is characterised by numerous achievements, as well as some challenges. Universal access to water supply at affordable tariffs is a substantial achievement. The government has also shown a commitment to make the sector more efficient, to create a sustainable funding mechanism and to improve the customer orientation of service providers through sector reforms enacted in 2006. The reform creates a modern institutional structure for the water sector, including an autonomous regulatory agency, an asset management company and commercialised state water companies that have to reach certain key performance indicators that will be monitored by the regulatory agency. The government has also stated its intention not to embark on new private sector contracts for water provision, after a bout of such contracts during the 1990s showed mixed results. A number of challenges remain, only some of which have been addressed by the reforms. First, tariffs are ...
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Malaysia
Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions: Peninsular Malaysia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula and East Malaysia on the island of Borneo. Peninsular Malaysia shares land and maritime Malaysia–Thailand border, borders with Thailand, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia; East Malaysia shares land borders with Brunei and Indonesia, and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the country's national capital, List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population, largest city, and the seat of the Parliament of Malaysia, legislative branch of the Government of Malaysia, federal government, while Putrajaya is the federal administrative capi ...
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Kelantan River
The Kelantan River ( Malay: ) ( Jawi: سوڠاي كلنتن; Kelantanese dialect: ''Sunga Kelate'') is a major river in Kelantan, Malaysia. Its drainage basin is about 11,900 km² in northeast Malaysia, including part of the Taman Negara, and flows northwards into the South China Sea. The rainfall over the area varies between 0 mm in the dry season (March–May) to 1,750 mm in the monsoon season (November–January). The average runoff from the area is about 500 m³/s. Name and extent The description of the river is complicated by the local naming convention: instead of using the name ''Kelantan river'' from estuary to source, the name is only used for the section from the estuary to the confluence of its two main tributaries, the Galas River and the Lebir River, near the town of Kuala Krai. The same naming convention applies to these tributaries. Thus to describe the main river from source to mouth involves four names: the River Betis (first 20 miles from the ...
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Temerloh Bridge3
Temerloh is a municipality in central Pahang, Malaysia. Located about from Kuala Lumpur along the Kuantan–Kuala Lumpur trunk road, Temerloh is the second largest urban area in Pahang after Kuantan, the state capital city. It is situated at the confluence of the Pahang and Semantan Rivers. Today, ''Temerloh'' usually refers to the territory under the administration of Temerloh Municipal Council which includes Mentakab, Lanchang, Kuala Krau and Kerdau. An old town with some colonial buildings and shophouses, the town has prospered in recent years as a transport hub and new industrial centre. There have been many new commercial and industrial hubs built in Temerloh in recent years. Cutting travel time in half, the East Coast Expressway links the town to Kuala Lumpur and Kuantan and adds to the growth of Temerloh. Etymology The town was once called Kuala Semantan as it is situated at the Semantan River's confluence. The later name ''Temerloh'' was derived from the Pahangite te ...
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1998 Klang Valley Water Crisis
The 1998 Klang Valley water crisis occurred in Malaysia in February 1998 when the three reservoir dams in Klang Valley, Klang Gates Dam, Batu Dam and Semenyih Dam suffered a substantial drop in water level following the El Niño phenomenon. The subsequent water shortage affected almost all the residents in the Klang Valley causing the government to impose water rationing prior to the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur. The shortage was blamed on El Nino despite actual rainfall in the months leading up to February 1998 in Federal Territory not being significantly below average. In fact in November 1997, Klang Gates Dam had its highest recorded rainfall. Similarly in October 1997 the Kajang station not far from the Semenyih dam had its highest rainfall in record.Historical rainfall at Kajang http://infokemarau.water.gov.my/rp/State/TablePDF/B4.pdf See also *2014 Negeri Sembilan and Selangor water crisis The 2014 Negeri Sembilan and Selangor water crisis was a Water cris ...
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Semenyih Dam
Following is the list of dams in Malaysia: Johor Bekok Dam - Juaseh Dam - Linggiu Dam - Machap Dam - Semberong Dam - Layang Dam - Lebam Dam - Labong Dam - Sultan Iskandar Reservoir Kedah Beris Dam - Pedu Dam - Muda Dam - Ahning Dam Kelantan Pergau Dam - Nenggiri Hydroelectric Dam (under construction) Kuala Lumpur Klang Gates Dam Malacca Jus Dam - Durian Tunggal Reservoir - Jernih Dam (''under construction'') Negeri Sembilan Gemencheh Dam - Kelinchi Dam - Sungai Terip Dam Pahang Anak Endau Dam - Chematu Dam - Chereh Dam - Chini Lake, Chini Dam - Kelau Dam - Pontian Dam - Sultan Abu Bakar Dam - Ulu Jelai Power Station Penang Ayer Itam Dam - Mengkuang Dam - Teluk Bahang Dam Perak Bersia Dam - Chenderoh Power Station (Chenderoh Dam) - Kenering Dam - Piah Dam - Temenggor Dam Gopeng Dam- Mahang Dam - Jor Dam Perlis Timah Tasoh Dam Sabah Babagon Dam - Kaiduan Dam - Tenom Pangi Dam - Ulu Padas Dam (''under construction'') Sarawak *Bakun Dam *Baram Dam (''proposed'') *Batang ...
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Klang Gates Dam
Klang Gates Dam (Malay: ''Empangan Klang Gates'') is a dam in Ulu Klang, Gombak District, Selangor, Malaysia. It is also known as the Bukit Tabur Dam. Completed in 1958, the dam is the first dam in Malaysia for water supply. It is a concrete arch dam with a spillway in the centre. The reservoir impounded by the dam is one of the major sources of drinking water for residents of the Klang Valley, where the national capital, Kuala Lumpur, is located. The dam's water storage capacity is 25,104 million liters. The Bukit Nanas water treatment plant takes raw water from this reservoir and produces 145 million liters of treated water per day. During the 2014 water crisis, capacity dropped as low as 54%, providing only approximately 80 days of water supply. Beside the dam is Klang Gate Ridge, the largest quartz ridge in the world. Split into two sections known as Bukit Tabur West and Bukit Tabur East, the ridge is 200m wide and has a length of 22km. It is unique for its sheer size as ...
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Megaliter
The litre ( Commonwealth spelling) or liter (American spelling) (SI symbols L and l, other symbol used: ℓ) is a metric unit of volume. It is equal to 1 cubic decimetre (dm3), 1000 cubic centimetres (cm3) or 0.001 cubic metres (m3). A cubic decimetre (or litre) occupies a volume of (see figure) and is thus equal to one-thousandth of a cubic metre. The original French metric system used the litre as a base unit. The word ''litre'' is derived from an older French unit, the '' litron'', whose name came from Byzantine Greek—where it was a unit of weight, not volume—via Late Medieval Latin, and which equalled approximately 0.831 litres. The litre was also used in several subsequent versions of the metric system and is accepted for use with the SI, despite it not being an SI unit. The SI unit of volume is the cubic metre (m3). The spelling used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures is "litre",
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Selangor
Selangor ( ; ), also known by the Arabic language, Arabic honorific Darul Ehsan, or "Abode of Sincerity", is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. It is on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and is bordered by Perak to the north, Pahang to the east, Negeri Sembilan to the south, and the Strait of Malacca to the west. Selangor surrounds the Wilayah Persekutuan, federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, both of which were previously part of it. Selangor has diverse tropical rainforests and an equatorial climate. The state's mountain ranges belong to the Titiwangsa Mountains, which is part of the Tenasserim Hills that covers southern Myanmar, southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia, with Mount Semangkok as the highest point in the state. The state capital of Selangor is Shah Alam, and its royal capital is Klang (city), Klang, Kajang is the largest municipality by total metropolitan population and Petaling Jaya is the largest municipality by total population within the cit ...
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KLCC Park, Kuala Lumpur
KLCC may refer to: *Kuala Lumpur City Centre or KLCC, a development precinct in Kuala Lumpur ** KLCC Park **Suria KLCC, the shopping mall at the base of the Petronas Twin Towers **Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre **Aquaria KLCC, a public aquarium ** Lot C, KLCC, a proposed office tower and retail space extension to Suria KLCC ** Lot D1, KLCC, an undeveloped land, which currently serves as a car park lot, in front of Mandarin Oriental hotel **KLCC LRT station, an underground light rapid transit station serving the KLCC area **Persiaran KLCC MRT station, an underground under-construction station serving the KLCC area *KLCC (FM) KLCC 89.7 FM is a National Public Radio member station based in Eugene, Oregon. It operates on various other repeater frequencies at other cities in Western, Southern and Central Oregon. The station is licensed to Lane Community College. KLCC ...
, a radio station (89.7 FM) licensed to Eugene, Oregon, United States {{Disambiguation, callsign ...
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Sarawak
Sarawak ( , ) is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia. It is the largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia. Sarawak is located in East Malaysia in northwest Borneo, and is bordered by the Malaysian state of Sabah to the northeast, Kalimantan (the Indonesian portion of Borneo) to the south, and Brunei in the north. The state capital, Kuching, is the largest city in Sarawak, the economic centre of the state, and the seat of the Sarawak state government. Other cities and towns in Sarawak include Miri, Malaysia, Miri, Sibu, and Bintulu. As of 2020 Malaysia census, the population of Sarawak was 2.453 million. Sarawak has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests and abundant animal and plant species. It has several prominent cave systems at Gunung Mulu National Park. Rajang River is the longest river in Malaysia; Bakun Dam, one of the largest dams in Southeast Asia, is located on one of its tributaries, the ...
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Rajang River
The Rajang River () is a river in Sarawak, northwestern Borneo, Malaysia. The river originates in the Iran Mountains, flows through Kapit, and then towards the South China Sea. At approximately , the river is the seventh-longest in Borneo and the longest in Malaysia.Rajang River
Encyclopædia Britannica. URL assessed on 2 September 2012
Malaysia's largest and tallest (160m) hydro electric project, the Bakun Dam, Bakun Hydro Electric Dam, is located on the Balui River, a tributary of the Rajang. Other important tributaries include the Katibas River, Ngemah River, Iran River, Pila River, Balleh River, Bangkit River and the Kanowit River.


Etymology

In Sarawakian Malay, a major river is named ''Batang'' (meaning "trunk" or "tree" in Malay) as it is the main larger stream which to ...
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Selangor River
The Selangor River () is a major river in Selangor, Malaysia. It runs from Kuala Kubu Bharu on the western foothills of the Selangorean/Pahangese Titiwangsa in the east and empties into the Straits of Malacca at Kuala Selangor in the west. Towns along the river basin * Peretak, Hulu Selangor * Kuala Kubu Bharu * Ampang Pechah * Rasa * Batang Kali * Bukit Beruntung * Bestari Jaya (Batang Berjuntai) * Kuala Selangor See also * Geography of Malaysia * List of rivers of Malaysia This is an incomplete list of rivers that flow at least partially in Malaysia. The rivers are grouped by strait or sea. The rivers flowing into the sea are sorted along the coast. Rivers flowing into other rivers are listed by the rivers they flow ... References External links * Rivers of Selangor Nature sites of Selangor Rivers of Malaysia {{Malaysia-river-stub ...
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