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Waka–Kabic Languages
The Waka–Kabic (Waka-Gabi) languages form a nearly extinct family of Pama–Nyungan languages of Australia. *Waka–Kabic **Than *** Taribelang ***Gubbi Gubbi (Kabikabi) ****Batjala *** Tulua **Miyan *** Wulli Wulli ***Wakka Wakka *** Barunggam (Muringam) Miyan may be a single language, Wakawaka. Batjala, a possible dialect of Gubbi Gubbi, still has 89 speakers in 2021, and Taribelang still has some L2 speakers. The Kingkel languages, Darumbal and Bayali, are sometimes believed to be Waka-Kabic. Bowern (2011) moved Darumbal to the Maric languages Maran or Maric is an extinct branch of the Pama–Nyungan languages, Pama–Nyungan family of Australian languages formerly spoken throughout much of Queensland by many of the Murri peoples. The well attested Maric languages are clearly related ..., but did not address Bayali. The two languages are not close. Footnotes {{DEFAULTSORT:Waka-Kabic languages Kabi Kabi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queensland
Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west and south, respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and the Pacific Ocean; to the state's north is the Torres Strait, separating the Australian mainland from Papua New Guinea, and the Gulf of Carpentaria to the north-west. With an area of , Queensland is the world's List of country subdivisions by area, sixth-largest subnational entity; it List of countries and dependencies by area, is larger than all but 16 countries. Due to its size, Queensland's geographical features and climates are diverse, and include tropical rainforests, rivers, coral reefs, mountain ranges and white sandy beaches in its Tropical climate, tropical and Humid subtropical climate, sub-tropical c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pama–Nyungan Languages
The Pama–Nyungan languages () are the most widespread language family, family of Australian Aboriginal languages, containing 306 out of 400 Aboriginal languages in Australia. The name "Pama–Nyungan" is a merism: it is derived from the two end-points of the range, the Pama languages of northeast Australia (where the word for 'man' is ) and the Nyungan languages of southwest Australia (where the word for 'man' is ). The other language families indigenous to the continent of Australia are often referred to, by exclusion, as non-Pama–Nyungan languages, though this is not a taxonomic term. The Pama–Nyungan family accounts for most of the geographic spread, most of the Aboriginal population, and the greatest number of languages. Most of the Pama–Nyungan languages are spoken by small ethnic groups of hundreds of speakers or fewer. Many languages have become extinct, and almost all remaining ones are endangered in some way. Only in the central inland portions of the continent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taribelang Language
Taribelang, also known as Bunda and Gureng-Gureng is a language of Queensland. Although no longer spoken as a native language by the Taribelang or Bunda people, it is spoken as a 2nd or 3rd language by under 100. There exists some confusion between Austlang's (AIATSIS) E33: Taribelang and E36: Goeng Goeng languages. Phonology Consonants Vowels Accent Today some speakers have a "heavier" more guttural way of speaking, e.g. rolling the tongue when pronouncing the "rr's", starting words with Ng rather than a single N and also heavier speakers sound out a "dj" sound rather than "ch" or "t". "Heavier" speakers tend to be the more western groups from along the Burnett River of Queensland. The more coastal families today seem to have a "lighter" way of speaking (less guttural & not rolling the tongue and using the single N at the start of words rather than the Ng & using "ch" & "t" rather than "dj" etc.) which is most likely the result of the influence of the English la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gubbi Gubbi Language
Gubbi Gubbi, also spelt Kabi Kabi, is a language of Queensland in Australia, formerly spoken by the Kabi Kabi people of South-east Queensland. The main dialect, Gubbi Gubbi, is extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ..., but there are still 24 people with knowledge of the Butchulla dialect (also spelt Batjala, Batyala, Badjala, and variants), a language spoken by the Butchulla people of K'gari (Fraser Island). Language status The main dialect is extinct, but there were still 24 people with knowledge of the Batjala dialect (a language spoken by the Butchulla people of K'gari formerly known as Fraser Island) as of the 2016 Australian census. Phonology The following is in the Badjala/Butchulla dialect: Consonants * /n̪/ is always heard as palatal ²when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tulua Language
The Tulua language, also written as Toolooa and Dulua and known as Narung is an extinct Aboriginal Australian language of Queensland in Australia. Dappil (Dapil) may be another name for the same language; they are treated as such by Terrill (1998). However, the Dappil and Tulua people were possibly the same peoples, and it is not certain what the names referred to. For example, Toolooa and Dappil in Mathew (1913) correspond to Dapil in Kite and Wurm (2004). , AIATSIS gives priority to the name "Tulua" for the language, and Tulua is one of 20 languages prioritised as part of the Priority Languages Support Project, being undertaken by First Languages Australia and funded by the Department of Communications and the Arts The Australian Department of Communications and the Arts was a Government department, department of the Government of Australia charged with responsibility for communications policy and programs and cultural affairs. In December 2019, prime mi .... The proje ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wulli Wulli Language
Wuliwuli (also ''Wuli Wuli'', ''Wulli Wulli'') is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama–Nyungan language family formerly spoken by the Wulli Wulli people in Queensland, Australia. The Wulli Wulli language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the North Burnett Regional Council, particularly the town of Eidsvold and the Auburn River catchment, including the properties of Walloon, Camboon, and Hawkwood. Wuliwuli is regarded as a dialect of Wakka Wakka. Names The alternate names for Wuliwuli are Wilili, Wililililee, Willillee, Wuli Wuli, Wulili, Wulilli, and Wulli Wulli. The name Wuliwuli is from the personal pronoun , meaning "they". Phonology The phonetic system of Wuliwuli is the same as that of Wakka Wakka and Barunggan. Grammar Stem structure, the rules surrounding derivation, and the derivative suffixes are largely the same as in Wakka Wakka and Barunggan. Locatives are expressed by the ablative affix. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wakka Wakka Language
The Wakka Wakka language, also spelt Waga, or Wakawaka, is an extinct Pama–Nyungan language formerly spoken by the Wakka Wakka people, an Aboriginal Australian nation near Brisbane Brisbane ( ; ) is the List of Australian capital cities, capital and largest city of the States and territories of Australia, state of Queensland and the list of cities in Australia by population, third-most populous city in Australia, with a ..., Australia. - ATSIDA Kaiabara/Gayabara, Nguwera/Ngoera, and Buyibara may be varieties or alternative names. Phonology Consonants * /l/ may occasionally be velarized as « * /l/ may also exist in the sequence /-lj-/, however; it is not realized as a palatal lateral sound[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barunggam Language
Barunggam (Murrumningama) is an extinct Pama-Nyungan Aboriginal language spoken by the Barunggam people of Queensland in Australia. The Barunggam language shared many words with the neighboring languages, including Jarowair to the east, Wakka Wakka to the north and Mandandanji to the west. Kite and Wurm describe Barunggam as a dialect of Wakka Wakka. Tindale gives the traditional lands for the Barunggam who spoke the language as:"Headwaters of Condamine River east of Jackson to about Dalby; north about Charley Creek to Dividing Ranges and west to Wongorgera and Woleebee; south to Tara; at 165 Chinchilla and Jandowae. Their country is on the red soils south and west of the Dividing Range".Norman Barnett Tindale Barunggam (QLD), (South Australian Museum website, 2000). Notes References External links Bibliography of Barunggam language and people resources at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies The Australian Institute of A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnologue
''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It was first issued in 1951 and is now published by SIL International, an American evangelical Parachurch organization, Christian non-profit organization. Overview and content ''Ethnologue'' has been published by SIL Global (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistics, linguistic service organization with an international office in Dallas, Texas. The organization studies numerous minority languages to facilitate language development, and to work with speakers of such language communities in translating portions of the Bible into their languages. Despite the Christian orientation of its publisher, ''Ethnologue'' is not ideologically or theologically biased. ''Ethnologue'' includes alternative names and Exo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Language
A second language (L2) is a language spoken in addition to one's first language (L1). A second language may be a neighbouring language, another language of the speaker's home country, or a foreign language. A speaker's dominant language, which is the language a speaker uses most or is most comfortable with, is not necessarily the speaker's first language. For example, the Canadian census defines first language for its purposes as "What is the language that this person first learned at home in childhood and still understands?", recognizing that for some, the earliest language may be lost, a process known as language attrition. This can happen when young children start school or move to a new language environment. Second-language acquisition The distinction between acquiring and learning was made by Stephen Krashen as part of his monitor theory. According to Krashen, the ''acquisition'' of a language is a natural process; whereas ''learning'' a language is a conscious one. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingkel Languages
Kingkel is a putative small branch of the Pama–Nyungan family in Queensland Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Austr ..., consisting of: * Bayali * Dharumbal. The two languages are not close. Bowern (2011) reclassified Darumbal as a Maric language, but did not address Bayali. Bouckaert, Bower, and Atkinson (2018), based on more data and languages of the region, classify Darumbal as a sister of Mbabaram (and therefore related to Maric languages, though as the first to branch off within that group). Bayali is grouped with the Waka-Kabi languages to the south. References Indigenous Australian languages in Queensland {{Ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darumbal Language
Darumbal, also spelt Dharambal, is an Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland in Australia declared extinct. It was spoken in the Rockhampton area of Queensland, as well as on the Capricorn Coast, Southern Great Keppel Island and Yeppoon islands. Dialects were Guwinmal, Karunbara, Rakiwara, and Wapabura. It is classified with Bayali as a Kingkel language, but the two are not close, with a low 21% shared vocabulary. Indeed, Angela Terrill states that "there is no evidence on which to base a claim of a low-level genetic group including Dharumbal with any other language". Name Spelling and pronunciation There is some variation in the naming of the language community. Walter Roth spells ''Ta-rum-bal'' and ''Taroombal'' while Norman Tindale records ''Dharumbal'' and cites the alternatives ''Tarumbul'', ''Tarambol'', ''Tarmbal'' and ''Charumbul''. Nils Holmer, who undertook the first modern field study of the language uses Darumbal, as does thDarumbal-Noolar Murree Aboriginal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
