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Vladimir The Great
Vladimir I Sviatoslavich or Volodymyr I Sviatoslavych (; Christian name: ''Basil''; 15 July 1015), given the epithet "the Great", was Prince of Novgorod from 970 and Grand Prince of Kiev from 978 until his death in 1015. The Eastern Orthodox Church canonization, canonised him as Saint Vladimir. Vladimir's father was Sviatoslav I of the Rurik dynasty. After the death of his father in 972, Vladimir, who was then the prince of Veliky Novgorod, Novgorod, was forced to flee abroad after his brother Yaropolk I of Kiev, Yaropolk murdered his other brother Oleg of Drelinia, Oleg in 977 to become the sole ruler of Rus'. Vladimir assembled a Varangian army and returned to depose Yaropolk in 978. By 980, Vladimir had consolidated his realm to the Baltic Sea and solidified the frontiers against incursions of Bulgarians, Baltic tribes and Eastern nomads. Originally a follower of Slavic paganism, Vladimir converted to Christianity in 988, and Christianization of Kievan Rus', Christianized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Money Of Kievan Rus'
The history of money in Kievan Rus' is divided into two main phases: * the period of use of foreign silver coins (from the 9th century to the beginning of the 12th century); and * the coinless period (from 12th century). 9th – early 12th century The fur of small fur animals has long been one of the main types of monetary substitutes. It was highly valued in other countries, which allowed for a profitable trade. Also known as a substitute for money were Shell money, small cowries shells (Monetaria moneta, Cypraea). But nevertheless finds of skins and shells come across not so often. The basis of all the treasures dating back to this period were foreign silver coins. Together with the emergence of the first ancient settlements in the late 8th - early 9th century, foreign coins appeared on Slavs, Slavic lands of Eastern Europe. The formation of money circulation started when active trade in Northern Europe, Northern and Eastern Europe with the countries of the Caliphate began. Eas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sviatopolk I
Sviatopolk I Vladimirovich (also called ''Sviatopolk the Accursed'' or the ''Accursed Prince''; ; – 1019) was Prince of Turov from 988 to 1015 and Grand Prince of Kiev from 1015 to 1019. He earned his sobriquet after allegedly murdering his brothers during his bid to take the throne. His actual responsibility is disputed by historians. The Svyatopolk-Mirsky family of Rurikid origin attribute their descent from Sviatopolk. Tsar Peter the Great recognized their descent during his reign. Early life Sviatopolk's mother was a Greek nun captured by Sviatoslav I in Bulgaria and married to his lawful heir Yaropolk I, who became the prince in 972. In 980, Yaropolk's brother Vladimir had him murdered, and the new sovereign married his predecessor's wife, who gave birth to a child. Thus, Sviatopolk may have been the eldest of Vladimir's sons, although his parentage has been questioned. When Sviatopolk was eight years old, Vladimir put him in charge of Turov and later arranged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equal To The Apostles
Equal-to-apostles or equal-to-the-apostles is a special title given to some saints in Eastern Orthodoxy and in Byzantine Catholicism. The title is bestowed as a recognition of these saints' outstanding service in the spreading and assertion of Christianity, comparable to that of the original apostles. Examples Below is a partial list of saints who are called ''equal-to-the-apostles'': *Mary Magdalene (1st century) * Photine, the Samaritan woman at the well (1st century) * Thecla (1st century) * Apphia (1st century) * Abercius of Hieropolis (2nd century) * Gregory Thaumaturgus (c. 213 - 270), student of Origen, and ranked as equal to the Apostles by Basil in ''“On Holy Spirit”'', Chapter 29 * Anak the Parthian (3rd century), father of first Catholicos of Armenians–Gregory the Illuminator * Helena of Constantinople (c. 250 – c. 330) *Constantine the Great (c. 272 – 337) * Nino (c. 296 – c. 338 or 340), baptizer of the Georgians *Mirian III of Iberia (died 36 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint
In Christianity, Christian belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of sanctification in Christianity, holiness, imitation of God, likeness, or closeness to God in Christianity, God. However, the use of the term ''saint'' depends on the context and Christian denomination, denomination. In Anglican Communion, Anglican, Oriental Orthodox, and Lutheranism, Lutheran doctrine, all of their faithful deceased in Heaven are considered to be saints, but a selected few are considered worthy of greater honor or emulation. Official Ecclesiastical polity, ecclesiastical recognition, and veneration, is conferred on some denominational saints through the process of canonization in the Catholic Church or glorification in the Eastern Orthodox Church after their approval. In many Protestant denominations, and following from Pauline usage, ''saint'' refers broadly to any holy Christian, without special recognition or selection. While the English word ''saint'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slavic Paganism
Slavic paganism, Slavic mythology, or Slavic religion refer to the religious beliefs, myths, and ritual practices of the Slavs before Christianisation, which occurred at various stages between the 8th and the 13th century. The South Slavs, who likely settled in the Balkans during the 6th–7th centuries AD, bordering with the Byzantine Empire to the south, came under the sphere of influence of Eastern Christianity relatively early, beginning with the creation of writing systems for Slavic languages (first Glagolitic, and then Cyrillic script) in 855 by the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius and the adoption of Christianity in Bulgaria in 864 and 863 in Great Moravia. The East Slavs followed with the official adoption in 988 by Vladimir the Great of Kievan Rus'. The process of Christianising the West Slavs was more gradual and complicated compared to their eastern counterparts. The Moravians accepted Christianity as early as 831, the Bohemian dukes followed in 845, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalcedonian Christianity
Chalcedonian Christianity is the branches of Christianity that accept and uphold theological resolutions of the Council of Chalcedon, the fourth ecumenical council, held in AD 451. Chalcedonian Christianity accepts the Christological Definition of Chalcedon, a Christian doctrine concerning the union of two natures (divine and human) in one hypostasis of Jesus Christ, who is thus acknowledged as a single person ( prosopon). Chalcedonian Christianity also accepts the Chalcedonian confirmation of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed, thus acknowledging the commitment of Chalcedonism to Nicene Christianity. Chalcedonian Christology is upheld by Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Lutheranism, Anglicanism and Calvinism (Reformed Christianity), thus comprising the overwhelming majority of Christianity. Chalcedonian Christology Those present at the Council of Chalcedon accepted Trinitarianism and the concept of hypostatic union, and rejected Arianism Arianism (, ) is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malusha
Malusha Malkovna () was allegedly a servant ('' kholopka'') for Olga of Kiev and a concubine of Sviatoslav I of Kiev. According to chronicles, she was the mother of Vladimir the Great and sister of Dobrynya. The Norse sagas describe Vladimir's mother as a prophetess who lived to the age of 100 and was brought from her cave to the palace to predict the future. Origin As the chronicles are silent on the subject of Malusha's pedigree, 19th-century Russian historians devised various theories to explain her parentage and name. Malusha Malkovna is said to be the daughter of Malk of Liubech, prince of the Drevlians. The same one that wanted to marry Olga of Kiev after she became a widow. However, historian Leo Loewenson rebutted that Malk was not Drevlian nor a prince, pointing out that the ''Primary Chronicle'' only mentions his name as 'Malk Lyubechinin' or 'Malk of Lyubech' and that "there is not the faintest indication that Malyusha's father was a prince". Loewenson further not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rurik Dynasty
The Rurik dynasty, also known as the Rurikid or Riurikid dynasty, as well as simply Rurikids or Riurikids, was a noble lineage allegedly founded by the Varangian prince Rurik, who, according to tradition, established himself at Novgorod in the year 862. The Rurikids were the ruling dynasty of Kievan Rus' and its principalities following its disintegration. The ''Romanovichi'' ruled the southwestern territories, which were unified by Roman the Great and his son Daniel, who was in 1253 crowned by Pope Innocent IV as the king of Ruthenia. Galicia–Volhynia was eventually annexed by Poland and Lithuania. The northern and northeastern territories were unified by the ''Daniilovichi'' of Moscow; by the 15th century, Ivan III threw off the control of the Golden Horde and assumed the title of sovereign of all Russia. Ivan IV was crowned as the tsar of all Russia, where the Rurik line ruled until 1598, following which they were eventually succeeded by the House of Romanov. As a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agatha, Wife Of Edward The Exile
Agatha (before 1030 – after 1070) was married to Edward the Exile, a candidate for the throne of England, and mother of Edgar Ætheling, Saint Margaret of Scotland and Cristina. Her antecedents are unclear and the subject of much speculation. Life Nothing is known of Agatha's early life, and what speculation has appeared is inextricably linked to the contentious issue of Agatha's paternity, one of the unresolved questions of medieval genealogy. As the birth of her children is speculatively placed at around the year 1045, her own birth was probably before about 1030. She came to England with her husband and children in 1057, but was widowed shortly after her arrival. Following the Norman Conquest, in 1067 she fled with her children to Scotland, finding refuge under her future son-in-law Malcolm III. Simeon of Durham carries what appears to be the last reference to her in 1070. Origin Medieval sources Agatha's origin is alluded to in numerous surviving medieval sources, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Dobroniega Of Kiev
Maria Dobroniega (after 1012 – 13 December 1087) was a princess of Kievan Rus', by marriage to Casimir I the Restorer she was titled List of Polish consorts, Duchess of Poland. Life Family Maria was one of the younger children of Vladimir the Great, Vladimir I, Grand Prince of Kiev. The identity of her mother is disputed among historians and web sources. Grand Prince Vladimir I had married seven times and had fathered many children, legitimate and illegitimate. Anna Porphyrogenita, Anna Porphyrogeneta, his sixth wife, is known to have predeceased Vladimir by four years. Chronicle Thietmar of Merseburg, writing from contemporary accounts, mentions that Bolesław I of Poland captured Vladimir I's widow during his raid on Kiev in 1018. The historians long had no clue as to identity of this wife. The emigre historian Nicholas Baumgarten, however, pointed to the controversial record of the ''Genealogia Welforum'' and the ''Historia Welforum Weingartensis'' that one daughter of Count ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudislav
Sudislav Vladimirovich (; ; died 1063) was Prince of Pskov from 1014 to 1036. He was imprisoned by his brother, Yaroslav the Wise, Grand Prince of Kiev, in about 1035. He was liberated from the prison in 1059 and died as a monk in a monastery in Kiev. Family He was the youngest son of Vladimir the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. His mother's name is unknown. Biography Sudislav received the Principality of Pskov from his father. His brother, Grand Prince Yaroslav the Wise seized and incarcerated him around 1035. Around that time Sudislav was the only surviving brother of Yaroslav the Wise who attempted to secure the succession for his own sons. He spent about 25 years in prison before his three nephews Iziaslav of Kiev, Sviatoslav of Chernigov, and Vsevolod of Pereyaslavset him free in 1059. According to the ''Primary Chronicle The ''Primary Chronicle'', shortened from the common ''Russian Primary Chronicle'' (, commonly transcribed ''Povest' vremennykh let'' (PVL), ), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris And Gleb
Boris and Gleb (), respective Christian names Roman () and David (), were the first saints canonized in Kievan Rus' after its Christianization. Their feast day is observed on July 24 (August 6 Gregorian calendar). History According to the two 11th-century ''Lives of Boris and Gleb'', ascribed to Nestor the Hagiographer and Jacob the Monk, they were younger children of Vladimir the Great, who favored them over his other children. The '' Primary Chronicle'' claims that their mother was a Bulgarian woman. Boris married and ruled the town of Rostov, was probably regarded as heir apparent to the Kievan throne. Gleb, who was still a minor, ruled the easternmost town of Murom. Both brothers were murdered during the Kievan succession crisis of 1015–1019. The ''Primary Chronicle'' blames Sviatopolk the Accursed for plotting their assassinations. Boris learns of his father's death upon his return with the Rus' army to Alta. Informed of Sviatopolk's accession to the throne and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
