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Vitamin K Antagonists
Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are a group of substances that reduce blood clotting by reducing the action of vitamin K. The term "vitamin K antagonist" is technically a misnomer, as the drugs do not directly antagonize the action of vitamin K in the pharmacological sense, but rather the recycling of vitamin K. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have been the mainstay of anticoagulation therapy for more than 50 years. They are used as anticoagulant medications in the prevention of thrombosis, and in pest control, as rodenticides. Mechanism of action These drugs deplete the active form of the vitamin by inhibiting the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase and thus the recycling of the inactive vitamin K epoxide back to the active reduced form of vitamin K. The drugs are structurally similar to vitamin K and act as competitive inhibitors of the enzyme. The term "vitamin K antagonist" is a misnomer, as the drugs do not directly antagonise the action of vitamin K in the pharmacological sens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warfarin
Warfarin, sold under the brand name Coumadin among others. It is used as an anticoagulant, anticoagulant medication. It is commonly used to prevent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and to protect against stroke in people who have atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, or artificial heart valves. Warfarin may sometimes be prescribed following a ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and orthopedic surgery. It is usually taken by mouth, but may also be administered intravenously. The common side effect, a natural consequence of reduced clotting, is bleeding. Less common side effects may include areas of tissue necrosis, tissue damage, and purple toes syndrome. Use is not recommended during pregnancy. The effects of warfarin are typically monitored by checking prothrombin time (INR) every one to four weeks. Many other medications and Diet (nutrition), dietary factors can interact with warfarin, either increasing or decreasing its effectiveness. The effec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenindione
Phenindione is an anticoagulant which functions as a Vitamin K antagonist. Phenindione was introduced in the early 1950s. It acts similar to warfarin Warfarin, sold under the brand name Coumadin among others. It is used as an anticoagulant, anticoagulant medication. It is commonly used to prevent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and to protect against stroke in people who ha ..., but it has been associated with hypersensitivity reactions, so it is rarely used and warfarin is preferred. References External links * Vitamin K antagonists 1,3-Indandiones {{blood-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fluindione
Fluindione is a vitamin K antagonist It is used as an anticoagulant An anticoagulant, commonly known as a blood thinner, is a chemical substance that prevents or reduces the coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time. Some occur naturally in blood-eating animals, such as leeches and mosquitoes, which .... References category:Anticoagulants 4-Fluorophenyl compounds 1,3-Indandiones {{blood-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anisindione
Anisindione (brand name Miradon) is a synthetic anticoagulant An anticoagulant, commonly known as a blood thinner, is a chemical substance that prevents or reduces the coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time. Some occur naturally in blood-eating animals, such as leeches and mosquitoes, which ... and an 1,3-indandione derivative. It prevents the formation of active procoagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as the anticoagulant proteins C and S, in the liver by inhibiting the vitamin K–mediated gamma-carboxylation of precursor proteins. References Anticoagulants {{blood-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diphacinone
Diphenadione is a vitamin K antagonist that has anticoagulant effects and is used as a rodenticide against rats, mice, voles, ground squirrels and other rodents. The chemical compound is an anti-coagulant with active half-life longer than warfarin and other synthetic 1,3-indandione anticoagulants.Meister, R.T. (ed.). 1992. Farm Chemicals Handbook '92. Meister Publishing Company, Willoughby, OH. It is toxic to mammals, in all forms; exposure and oral ingestion of the toxin may cause irregular heartbeat and major maladies associated with its impact on blood clot A thrombus ( thrombi) is a solid or semisolid aggregate from constituents of the blood (platelets, fibrin, red blood cells, white blood cells) within the circulatory system during life. A blood clot is the final product of the blood coagulatio ...ting, depending on dose.Bell Laboratories, Inc. July, 1990. Diphacinone Technical: MSDS. Bell Labs, Madison, WI. As a "second-generation" anticoagulant, diphenadione is more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorophacinone
Chlorophacinone is a first-generation anticoagulant rodenticide. The mechanism of action results in internal bleeding due to non-functional clotting factors. It was used as a toxin to control rodent populations. It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002) and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities. History The French company Liphatech (formerly known as Lipha), which had previous experience with creating anticoagulants for the treatment of heart patients, created chlorophacinone in 1961 and branded it “Rozol”. Chlorophacinone belongs to the first-generation anticoagulant rodenticide group, first being developed during the 1940s to 1960s to control rodents in terrestrial environments. Its use began being replaced during the 1970s, along with the use of other rodenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pindone
Pindone is an anticoagulant drug for agricultural use. It is commonly used as a rodenticide in the management of rat and rabbit populations. It is pharmacologically analogous to warfarin and inhibits the synthesis of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factor Coagulation, also known as clotting, is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot. It results in hemostasis, the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, followed by repair. The process of coagulation ...s. See also * 1,3-Indandione References Vitamin K antagonists Rodenticides 1,3-Indandiones Anticoagulant rodenticides {{ketone-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brodifacoum
Brodifacoum is a highly lethal 4-Hydroxycoumarins, 4-hydroxycoumarin vitamin K antagonist anticoagulant poison. In recent years, it has become one of the world's most widely used pesticides. It is typically used as a rodenticide, but is also used to control larger pests such as common brushtail possum, possums.Eason, C.T. and Wickstrom, M. ''Vertebrate pesticide toxicology manual'', New Zealand Department of Conservation Brodifacoum has an especially long half-life in the body, which ranges up to nine months, requiring prolonged treatment with antidotal vitamin K for both human and pet poisonings. It has one of the highest risks of secondary poisoning to both mammals and birds.Rodenticides: Topic Fact Sheet National Pesticide Information Center Significant experience in brodifacoum poisonings has been g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tioclomarol
Tioclomarol is an anticoagulant of the 4-hydroxycoumarin vitamin K antagonist type. It is a second generation drug, used as a rodenticide Rodenticides are chemicals made and sold for the purpose of killing rodents. While commonly referred to as "rat poison", rodenticides are also used to kill mice, woodchucks, chipmunks, porcupines, nutria, beavers, and voles. Some rodenticides ... that is effective for the control of rodents that are resistant to this class of drugs. References Thiophenes 4-Chlorophenyl compounds Chloroarenes Coumarin drugs Vitamin K antagonists {{blood-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicoumarol
Dicoumarol ( INN) or dicumarol ( USAN) is a naturally occurring anticoagulant drug that depletes stores of vitamin K (similar to warfarin, a drug that dicoumarol inspired). It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. Dicoumarol is a natural chemical substance of combined plant and fungal origin. It is a derivative of coumarin, a bitter-tasting but sweet-smelling substance made by plants that does not itself affect coagulation, but which is (classically) transformed in mouldy feeds or silages by a number of species of fungi, into active dicoumarol. Dicoumarol does affect coagulation, and was discovered in mouldy wet sweet-clover hay, as the cause of a naturally occurring bleeding disease in cattle. See warfarin for a more detailed discovery history. Identified in 1940, dicoumarol became the prototype of the 4-hydroxycoumarin anticoagulant drug class. Dicoumarol itself, for a short time, was employed as a medicinal anticoagulant drug, but since the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
