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Virgaviridae
''Virgaviridae'' is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts.Adams MJ, Antoniw JF, Kreuze J (2009) Virgaviridae: a new family of rod-shaped plant viruses. Arch Virol 154(12):1967–1972 The name of the family is derived from the Latin word ''virga'' (rod), as all viruses in this family are rod-shaped. There are currently 59 species in this family, divided among seven genera. Structure Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning, and suppression of termination. The virus exits the host cell by tripartite non-tubule guided viral movement, and monopartite non-tubule guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Taxonomy The family contains the following genera: * '' Furovirus'' * ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hordeivirus
''Hordeivirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Virgaviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are four species in this genus.Bragg, J.N., Solovyev, A.G., Morozov, S. Yu, Atabekov, J.G. Jackson, A.O. Horeivirus (2006). ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA. Taxonomy The following species are assigned to the genus, listed by scientific name and followed by their common names: * ''Hordeivirus anthoxanthi'', Anthoxanthum latent blanching virus (ALBV) (Hosts ''Anthoxanthum odoratum''.) * ''Hordeivirus hordei'', Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) * ''Hordeivirus lychnis'', Lychnis ringspot virus (LRSV) (Hosts ''Silene Silene divaricata, divaricata''/''Lychnis divaricata'', ''Mentha longifolia'', ''Nicotiana benthamiana'', several families of dicots, not legumes or cereals.) * ''Hordeivirus poae'', Poa semilatent virus (PSLV) (Hosts ''Elymus trachycaulus'', ''Poa palustris'', several tribes of the Poace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Furovirus
''Furovirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Virgaviridae''. Graminae, winter wheat, wheat, triticale, oat, sorghum bicolor ''Sorghum bicolor'', commonly called sorghum () and also known as great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra, imphee, jowar, or milo, is a species in the grass genus ''Sorghum'' cultivated for its grain. The grain is used as food by humans, ..., and plants serve as natural hosts. There are six species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: (SBWMV): green and yellow mosaic. Taxonomy The following species are assigned to the genus, listed by scientific name and followed by their common names: * ''Furovirus avenae'', Oat golden stripe virus * ''Furovirus cerealis'', Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus * ''Furovirus chinense'', Chinese wheat mosaic virus * ''Furovirus japonicum'', Japanese soil-borne wheat mosaic virus * ''Furovirus sorghi'', Sorghum chlorotic spot virus * ''Furovirus tritici'', Soil-borne wheat mosaic viru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pecluvirus
''Pecluvirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Virgaviridae ''Virgaviridae'' is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts.Adams MJ, Antoniw JF, Kreuze J (2009) Virgaviridae: a new family of rod-shaped plant viruses. Arch Virol 154(12):1967–1972 The name of the family is der ...''. Cereal crops and graminaceous weeds serve as natural hosts. There are two species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: (SBWMV): green and yellow mosaic. The name of the genus is derived from ''Peanut clump virus'': ''Peanut clump virus'', giving rise to Pecluvirus. Taxonomy The following species are assigned to the genus, listed by scientific name and followed by their common names: * ''Pecluvirus arachidis'', Peanut clump virus * ''Pecluvirus indicum'', Indian peanut clump virus Structure Viruses in the genus ''Pecluvirus'' are non-enveloped, with elongated rod-shaped geometries, and helical symmetry. The diameter is around 21 nm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pomovirus
''Pomovirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Virgaviridae''. Plants and dicotyledons serve as natural hosts. There are five species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: dwarfing of shoots (mop-top) and potato spraing disease. The name of the genus is derived from Potato mop-top virus, giving rise to ''Pomovirus''.Index of Viruses - Pomovirus (2006). In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA/ref> Taxonomy The following species are assigned to the genus, listed by scientific name and followed by their common names: * ''Pomovirus betae'', Beet virus Q * ''Pomovirus colombiense'', Colombian potato soil-borne virus * ''Pomovirus solani'', Potato mop-top virus Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) is a plant pathogenic virus transmitted through the vector ''Powdery scab, Spongospora subterranea'' that affects potatoes. PMTV belongs to family of ''Virgaviridae'', and the genus ''Pomovirus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tobravirus
''Tobravirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Virgaviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: SBWMV: green and yellow mosaic. Taxonomy The following species are assigned to the genus, listed by scientific name and followed by their common names: * ''Tobravirus capsici'', Pepper ringspot virus * ''Tobravirus pisi'', Pea early-browning virus * ''Tobravirus tabaci'', Tobacco rattle virus Structure Viruses in the genus ''Tobravirus'' are non-enveloped, with rod-shaped geometries, and helical symmetry. The diameter is around 22 nm, with two lengths: 46-115 nm and 180–215 nm. Genomes are linear and segmented, bipartite, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA around 26.84.5kb in total length (8600–11300 nucleotides Nucleotides are Organic compound, organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tobamovirus
''Tobamovirus'' is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family ''Virgaviridae.'' Many plants, including tobacco, potato, tomato, and Squash (plant), squash, serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this genus include: necrotic lesions on leaves. The name ''Tobamovirus'' comes from the host and symptoms of the first virus discovered (Tobacco mosaic virus). There are four informal subgroups within this genus: these are the tobamoviruses that infect the brassicas, Cucurbitaceae, cucurbits, Malvaceae, malvaceous, and Solanaceae, solanaceous plants. The main differences between these groups are genome sequences, and respective range of host plants. There are 37 species in this genus. Structure Tobamoviruses are non-enveloped, with helical rod geometries, and helical symmetry. The diameter is around 18 nm, with a length of 300–310 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 6.3–6.5kb in length. Genome The RNA genome encodes at least four polypept ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus species in the genus '' Tobamovirus'' that infects a wide range of plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae. The infection causes characteristic patterns, such as "mosaic"-like mottling and discoloration on the leaves (hence the name). TMV was the first virus to be discovered. Although it was known from the late 19th century that a non-bacterial infectious disease was damaging tobacco crops, it was not until 1930 that the infectious agent was determined to be a virus. It is the first pathogen identified as a virus. The virus was crystallised by Wendell Meredith Stanley. It has a similar size to the largest synthetic molecule, known as PG5 with comparable length and diameter. History In 1886, Adolf Mayer first described the tobacco mosaic disease that could be transferred between plants, similar to bacterial infections. In 1892, Dmitri Ivanovsky gave the first concrete e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electron Micrograph
A micrograph is an image, captured photographically or digitally, taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnify, magnified image of an object. This is opposed to a macrograph or photomacrograph, an image which is also taken on a microscope but is only slightly magnified, usually less than 10 times. Micrography is the practice or art of using microscopes to make photographs. A photographic micrograph is a photomicrograph, and one taken with an electron microscope is an electron micrograph. A micrograph contains extensive details of microstructure. A wealth of information can be obtained from a simple micrograph like behavior of the material under different conditions, the phases found in the system, failure analysis, grain size estimation, elemental analysis and so on. Micrographs are widely used in all fields of microscopy. Types Photomicrograph A light micrograph or photomicrograph is a micrograph prepared using an optical microscope, a process referred to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxonomy
image:Hierarchical clustering diagram.png, 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme of classes (a taxonomy) and the allocation of things to the classes (classification). Originally, taxonomy referred only to the Taxonomy (biology), classification of organisms on the basis of shared characteristics. Today it also has a more general sense. It may refer to the classification of things or concepts, as well as to the principles underlying such work. Thus a taxonomy can be used to organize species, documents, videos or anything else. A taxonomy organizes taxonomic units known as "taxa" (singular "taxon"). Many are hierarchy, hierarchies. One function of a taxonomy is to help users more easily find what they are searching for. This may be effected in ways that include a library classification system and a Taxonomy for search e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Positive-strand RNA Virus
Positive-strand RNA viruses (+ssRNA viruses) are a group of related viruses that have Sense (molecular biology), positive-sense, single-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid. The positive-sense genome can act as messenger RNA (mRNA) and can be directly translation (biology), translated into viral proteins by the host cell, host cell's ribosomes. Positive-strand RNA viruses encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) which is used during replication of the genome to synthesize a negative-sense antigenome that is then used as a template to create a new positive-sense viral genome. Positive-strand RNA viruses are divided between the phyla ''Kitrinoviricota'', ''Lenarviricota'', and ''Pisuviricota'' (specifically classes ''Pisoniviricetes'' and ''Stelpaviricetes, Stelpavirictes'') all of which are in the kingdom ''Orthornavirae'' and Realm (virology), realm ''Riboviria''. They are Monophyly, monophyletic and descended from a common RNA virus ancestor. In the Baltimore classi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
