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Verrucomicrobiota
Verrucomicrobiota is a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria that contains only a few described species. The species identified have been isolated from fresh water, marine and soil environments and human faeces. A number of as-yet uncultivated species have been identified in association with eukaryotic hosts including extrusive explosive ectosymbionts of protists and endosymbionts of nematodes from genus '' Xiphinema'', residing in their gametes. The verrucomicrobial bacterium ''Akkermansia muciniphila'' is a human intestinal symbiotic bacterium that is considered as a promising probiotic. Verrucomicrobiota are abundant within the environment, though relatively inactive. This phylum is considered to have two sister phyla: Chlamydiota (formerly Chlamydiae) and Lentisphaerota (formerly Lentisphaerae) within the PVC superphylum. The Verrucomicrobiota phylum can be distinguished from neighbouring phyla within the PVC group by the presence of several conserved signature indels (CSIs). Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Planctobacteria
The PVC is a superphylum of bacteria named after its three important members, Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Chlamydiota. Cavalier-Smith postulated that the PVC bacteria probably lost or reduced their peptidoglycan cell wall twice. It has been hypothesised that a member of the PVC clade might have been the host cell in the endosymbiotic event that gave rise to the first proto-eukaryotic cell. Cavalier-Smith calls the same group Planctobacteria and considers it a phylum. However, this is not followed by the larger scientific community. In the Cavalier-Smith bacterial megaclassification, it is within the bacterial Gracilicutes infra-kingdom and comprises the phyla Chlamydiota, Lentisphaerota, Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota. Molecular signatures Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Chlamydiota in the traditional molecular phylogeny view are considered as phyla and also cluster together in the PVC superphylum, along with the candidate phyla Omnitrophic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PVC Superphylum
The PVC is a superphylum of bacteria named after its three important members, Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Chlamydiota. Cavalier-Smith postulated that the PVC bacteria probably lost or reduced their peptidoglycan cell wall twice. It has been hypothesised that a member of the PVC clade might have been the host cell in the endosymbiotic event that gave rise to the first proto-eukaryotic cell. Cavalier-Smith calls the same group Planctobacteria and considers it a phylum. However, this is not followed by the larger scientific community. In the Cavalier-Smith bacterial megaclassification, it is within the bacterial Gracilicutes infra-kingdom and comprises the phyla Chlamydiota, Lentisphaerota, Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota. Molecular signatures Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Chlamydiota in the traditional molecular phylogeny view are considered as phyla and also cluster together in the PVC superphylum, along with the candidate phyla Omnitrophica (prev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epixenosomes
Epixenosomes, also known as Candidatus ''Epixenosoma'', are a genus of bacteria in the phylum Verrucomicrobiota that form a symbiosis with marine ciliates of the genus '' Euplotidium'', where they help to defend their ciliate hosts against predators. It is a monospecific genus, containing only the species Ca. ''Epixenosoma ejectans''. Description Epixenosomes possess two distinct developmental phases linked to the host cell cycle. Stage I epixenosomes are spherical, 0.5 μm in diameter and are surrounded by two membranes. They divide by direct binary fission. Stage II epixenosomes are egg-shaped (2.2 μm in length and 1 μm in width) and show complex organization with different cytoplasmic compartments, more complicated than the majority of prokaryotic organisms. They contain an extrusive apparatus within a proteinaceous matrix, although apparently not membrane-bound, which differs from the remaining cytoplasm. A functional cell compartmentalization has also been evidenced. Thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akkermansia Muciniphila
''Akkermansia muciniphila'' is a human intestinal symbiont, isolated from human feces. It is a mucin-degrading bacterium belonging to the genus '' Akkermansia'', discovered in 2004 by Muriel Derrien and Willem de Vos at Wageningen University of the Netherlands. It belongs to the phylum Verrucomicrobiota and its type strain is MucT (=ATCC BAA-835T =CIP 107961T). It is under preliminary research for its potential beneficial associations with metabolic disorders. Morphology ''A. muciniphila'' is a Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, non- motile, non-spore-forming, oval bacterium. Structure of LOS The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of ''A. muciniphila'' has been found to lack the O-antigen unit, making it a lipooligosaccharide (LOS), also known as rough-type LPS. The LOS of ''A. muciniphila'' has been found to consist of two core oligosaccharides: an undeca- and a hexadecasaccharide chain. Both core oligosaccharides contain three 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-''manno''-octulosonic acid (Kdo) res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylacidiphilum Infernorum
''Methylacidiphilum infernorum '' is an extremely acidophilic methanotrophic aerobic bacteria first isolated and described in 2007 growing on soil and sediment on Hell's Gate, New Zealand. Similar organisms have also been isolated from geothermal sites on Italy and Russia. A polyextremophile, these non-motile rods grows optimally at pH between 2.0 and 2.5 and temperature of 60 °C. It is a methanotrophic obligated bacteria that grows at 25% (v/v) of methane in air. It is also very dependent on carbon dioxide concentrations to grow, optimally at 8% (v/v) in air. Due to its classification in the phylum ''Verrucomicrobiota'' and its extreme acidophilic phenotype ''M. infernorum'' is unique between all known methanotrophs. Biology Genome It has a single circular chromosome of 2,287,145 base pairs. Under genome analysis it was found that ''M. infernorum'' may use a novel methylotrophic pathway because it encodes methane monooxygenase enzymes but lacks known genetic module ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opitutae
The Opitutales is an order in the phylum Verrucomicrobiota. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) See also * List of bacterial orders * List of bacteria genera This article lists the genera of the bacteria Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, ... References Verrucomicrobiota Bacteria orders {{Bacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The All-Species Living Tree Project
The All-Species Living Tree' Project is a collaboration between various academic groups/institutes, such as ARB, SILVA rRNA database project, and LPSN, with the aim of assembling a database of 16S rRNA sequences of all validly published species of ''Bacteria'' and ''Archaea''. At one stage, 23S sequences were also collected, but this has since stopped. Currently there are over 10,950 species in the aligned dataset and several more are being added either as new species are discovered or species that are not represented in the database are sequenced. Initially the latter group consisted of 7% of species. Similar (and more recent) projects include the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea (GEBA), which focused on whole genome sequencing of bacteria and archaea. Tree The tree was created by maximum likelihood analysis without bootstrap: consequently accuracy is traded off for size and many phylum level clades are not correctly resolved (such as the Firmicutes). (Eukaryote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |