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Valvatidae
''Valvatidae'', the valve snails, is a taxonomic family of very small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks. Taxonomy The family Valvatidae has no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Genera The type genus of this family is ''Valvata'' O.F. Müller, 1774. Genera in the family Valvatidae include: * '' Andrussovia'' Brusina, 1903 * '' Borysthenia'' Lindholm, 1933 * '' Costovalvata'' Polinski, 1932 * '' Liratina'' Lindholm, 1906 * '' Megalovalvata'' Lindholm, 1906 * ''Valvata'' Müller, 1774 ** '' Cincinna'' Hübner, 1810 - It is recognized either as genus Anistratenko O., Degtyarenko E., Anistratenko V. (2010). "Сравнительная морфология раковины и радулы брюхоногих моллюсков семейства Valvatidae из Северного Причерноморья. hell and radula comparative morphology of the Gastropod Molluscs family Valvatidae from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valvata Piscinalis
''Valvata piscinalis'', common name the European stream valvata or European valve snail, is a species of small freshwater snail with gills and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Valvatidae, the valve snails. It is also known as ''Cincinna piscinalis'' (Müller, 1774). Subspecies Subspecies of ''Valvata piscinalis'' include:Glöer, P. 2002 ''Die Süßwassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas''. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 326 pp., , page 190-194. * ''Valvata piscinalis piscinalis'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) * '' Valvata piscinalis antiqua'' (Morris, 1838) * '' Valvata piscinalis geyeri'' (Menzel, 1904) - The name ''geyeri'' is in honor of German zoologist David Geyer (1855–1932). * '' Valvata piscinalis discors'' (Westerlund, 1886) * '' Valvata piscinalis alpestris'' (Küster, 1853) Shell description ''Valvata piscinalis'' has a somewhat pinched aperture and an attenuate spire.Grigorovich, I. A., E. L. Mills, C. B. Richards, D. Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valvata Cristata
''Valvata cristata'' is a species of small freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Valvatidae, the valve snails. Distribution * Czech Republic - Bohemia and Moravia Horsák M., Juřičková L., Beran L., Čejka T. & Dvořák L. (2010). "Komentovaný seznam měkkýšů zjištěných ve volné přírodě České a Slovenské republiky. nnotated list of mollusc species recorded outdoors in the Czech and Slovak Republics. '' Malacologica Bohemoslovaca'', Suppl. 1: 1-37PDF * Slovakia * Poland * Germany - (''Arten der Vorwarnliste'') * Netherlands * the British Isles: Great Britain and Ireland * Hungary * Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia * and other areas Shell description The shell of this exceeding small (2–4 mm) ''Valvata'' species is very flat in its coiling, and therefore it somewhat resembles a '' Planorbis'' shell. However, the shell is dextral in coiling and has an operculum.Janus, Horst (1965). ‘’The young special ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borysthenia
''Borysthenia'' is a genus of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Valvatidae, the valve snails. The aperture of ''Borysthenia'' is not circular."Genus summary for ''Borysthenia''" , last modified 28 February 2009, accessed 22 May 2011. Animals are . Species The genus ''Borysthenia'' contains the following species: * † '' B ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freshwater Snail
Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks that live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs to major rivers. The great majority of freshwater gastropods have a gastropod shell, shell, with very few exceptions. Some groups of snails that live in freshwater Respiratory system, respire using gills, whereas Pulmonata, other groups need to reach the surface to breathe air. In addition, some are amphibious and have both gills and a lung (e.g. ''Ampullariidae''). Most feed on algae, but many are detritivores and some are Filter feeding, filter feeders. Freshwater snails are indirectly among the deadliest animals to humans, as they carry parasitic worms that cause schistosomiasis, a disease estimated to kill between 10,000 and 200,000 people annually. There are thousands of known species, and at least 33–38 independent Lineage (evolut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valvata
''Valvata'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails with an Operculum (gastropod), operculum, Aquatic animal, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Valvatidae, the valve snails.Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2014). Valvata O. F. Müller, 1774. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=153994 on 2014-11-15 Synonyms * ''Cincinna'' Hübner, 1810 · accepted, alternate representation (''Cincinna'' is treated as subgenus of ''Valvata'') * ''Cincinna (Atropidina)'' Lindholm, 1906 (subgenus-genus combination invalid; ''Atropidina'' is considered a junior synonym of ''Tropidina'' or ''Cincinna'' (depending on source); to avoid problems we refer to ''Valvata'' only) * ''Cincinna (Cincinna)'' Hübner, 1810 (''Cincinna'' is treated as subgenus of ''Valvata'') * ''Gyrorbis'' Fitzinger, 1833 (junior synonym (?)) * ''Planorbis (Gyrorbis)'' Fitzinger, 1833 (junior synonym (?)) * ''Valvata (Atropidina)'' Lindholm, 1906 (type sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxonomy Of The Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised in 2005 by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is a system for the scientific classification of gastropod mollusks (Gastropods are a taxonomic class of animals which consists of snails and slugs of every kind, from the land, from freshwater, and from saltwater). The paper setting out this taxonomy was published in the journal '' Malacologia''. The system encompasses both living and extinct groups, as well as some fossils whose classification as gastropods is uncertain. The Bouchet & Rocroi system was the first complete gastropod taxonomy that primarily employed the concept of clades, and was derived from research on molecular phylogenetics; in this context a clade is a "natural grouping" of organisms based upon a statistical cluster analysis. In contrast, most of the previous overall taxonomic schemes for gastropods relied on morphological features to classify these animals, and used taxon ranks such as order, superorder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollutant
A pollutant or novel entity is a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effect, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource. These can be both naturally forming (i.e. minerals or extracted compounds like oil) or anthropogenic in origin (i.e. manufactured materials or byproducts). Pollutants result in environmental pollution or become of public health concern when they reach a concentration high enough to have significant negative impacts. A pollutant may cause long- or short-term damage by changing the growth rate of plant or animal species, or by interfering with resources used by humans, human health or wellbeing, or property values. Some pollutants are biodegradable and therefore will not persist in the environment in a long term. However, the degradation products of some pollutants are themselves pollutants such as DDE and DDD produced from the degradation of DDT. Pollution has widespread negative impact on the environment. Wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Monitoring Working Party
Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It is a broad natural science that encompasses a wide range of fields and unifying principles that explain the structure, function, growth, History of life, origin, evolution, and distribution of life. Central to biology are five fundamental themes: the cell (biology), cell as the basic unit of life, genes and heredity as the basis of inheritance, evolution as the driver of biological diversity, energy transformation for sustaining life processes, and the maintenance of internal stability (homeostasis). Biology examines life across multiple biological organisation, levels of organization, from molecules and cells to organisms, populations, and ecosystems. Subdisciplines include molecular biology, physiology, ecology, evolutionary biology, developmental biology, and systematics, among others. Each of these fields applies a range of methods to investigate biological phenomena, including scientific method, observation, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Indicator
A bioindicator is any species (an indicator species) or group of species whose function, population, or status can reveal the qualitative status of the environment. The most common indicator species are animals. For example, copepods and other small water crustaceans that are present in many water bodies can be monitored for changes (biochemical, physiological, or behavioural) that may indicate a problem within their ecosystem. Bioindicators can tell us about the cumulative effects of different pollutants in the ecosystem and about how long a problem may have been present, which physical and chemical testing cannot. A biological monitor or biomonitor is an organism that provides quantitative information on the quality of the environment around it. Therefore, a good biomonitor will indicate the presence of the pollutant and can also be used in an attempt to provide additional information about the amount and intensity of the exposure. A biological indicator is also the name given ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Quality
Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed. The most common standards used to monitor and assess water quality convey the health of ecosystems, safety of human contact, extent of water pollution and condition of drinking water. Water quality has a significant impact on water supply and often determines supply options. Impacts on public health Over time, there has been increasing recognition of the importance of drinking water quality and its impact on public health. This has led to increasing protection and management of water quality. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a creativecommons:by/4.0/, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License The understanding of the links between water quality and healt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
