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Unterlander Jews
Unterlander Jews ( yi, אונטערלאנד, translit. ''Unterland'', "Lowland"; he, גליל תחתון, translit. ''Galil Takhton'', "Lower Province"; hu, Alföldi Zsidók) were the Jews who resided in the northeastern regions of the historical Kingdom of Hungary, or present-day eastern Slovakia, Zakarpattia Oblast in Ukraine, and northwestern Transylvania, in Romania.Yeshayahu A. Jelinek, Paul R. Magocsi. ''The Carpathian Diaspora: The Jews of Subcarpathian Rus' and Mukachevo, 1848–1948''. East European Monographs (2007). p. 5-6. Like their kindred Oberlander Jews, the term is uniquely Jewish one, and is not related to " Lower Hungary".Menahem Keren-Kratz. ''Cultural Life in Maramaros County (Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia): Literature, Press and Jewish Thought, 1874–1944''. Ph.D dissertation submitted to the Senate of Bar-Ilan University, 2008. OCLC 352874902. pp. 23-24. Unterland, or "Lowland", was named so by the Oberlander, in spite of being topographically higher: Ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom around the year 1000;Kristó Gyula – Barta János – Gergely Jenő: Magyarország története előidőktől 2000-ig (History of Hungary from the prehistory to 2000), Pannonica Kiadó, Budapest, 2002, , p. 687, pp. 37, pp. 113 ("Magyarország a 12. század második felére jelentős európai tényezővé, középhatalommá vált."/"By the 12th century Hungary became an important European factor, became a middle power.", "A Nyugat részévé vált Magyarország.../Hungary became part of the West"), pp. 616–644 his family (the Árpád dynasty) led the monarchy for 300 years. By the 12th century, the kingdom became a European middle power within the Western world. Due to the Ottoman occupation of the central and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sibboleth
A shibboleth (; hbo, , šībbōleṯ) is any custom or tradition, usually a choice of phrasing or even a single word, that distinguishes one group of people from another. Shibboleths have been used throughout history in many societies as passwords, simple ways of self-identification, signaling loyalty and affinity, maintaining traditional segregation, or protecting from real or perceived threats. Origin The term originates from the Hebrew word (), which means the part of a plant containing grain, such as the head of a stalk of wheat or rye; or less commonly (but arguably more appropriately) "flood, torrent". The modern use derives from an account in the Hebrew Bible, in which pronunciation of this word was used to distinguish Ephraimites, whose dialect used a differently sounding first consonant. The difference concerns the Hebrew letter '' shin'', which is now pronounced as (as in '' shoe''). In the Book of Judges, chapter 12, after the inhabitants of Gilead under the comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Misnagdim
''Misnagdim'' (, "Opponents"; Sephardi pronunciation: ''Mitnagdim''; singular ''misnaged''/''mitnaged'') was a religious movement among the Jews of Eastern Europe which resisted the rise of Hasidism in the 18th and 19th centuries. The ''Misnagdim'' were particularly concentrated in Lithuania, where Vilnius served as the bastion of the movement, but anti-Hasidic activity was undertaken by the establishment in many locales. The most severe clashes between the factions took place in the latter third of the 18th century; the failure to contain Hasidism led the ''Misnagdim'' to develop distinct religious philosophies and communal institutions, which were not merely a perpetuation of the old status quo but often innovative. The most notable results of these efforts, pioneered by Chaim of Volozhin and continued by his disciples, were the modern, independent ''yeshiva'' and the Musar movement. Since the late 19th century, tensions with the Hasidim largely subsided, and the heirs of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spinka (Hasidic Dynasty)
Spinka is the name of a Hasidic group within Haredi Judaism. The group originated in a city called Szaplonca ( yi, Spinka), in Máramaros County, Kingdom of Hungary (today Săpânţa, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, a ...). Spinka rebbes The first Spinka Rebbe#Hasidic Rebbe, Rebbe was Rabbi Joseph Meir Weiss, Yosef Meir Weiss, author of ''Imrei Yosef''. He was succeeded by his son, Rabbi Yitzchak Isaac Weiss, author of ''Chakal Yitzchak''. The ''Chakal Yitzchak'' was murdered by the Nazis in the Holocaust. Another son, Naftali Weiss, the Bilker Rebbe, is a prominent subject in the ''Auschwitz Album'' of rare photographs taken at the death camp. After World War II, the group was divided among many Rebbe#Hasidic Rebbe, Rebbes, descendants of the ''Imrei Yosef' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munkacs (Hasidic Dynasty)
Munkatch (or Munkacs) Hasidism (חסידות מונקאטש) is a Hasidic sect within Haredi Judaism of mostly Hungarian Hasidic Jews. It was founded and led by Polish-born Grand Rebbe Shlomo Spira, who was the rabbi of the town of Strzyżów (1858–1882) and Munkacs (1882–1893). Members of the congregation are mainly referred to as ''Munkacs Hasidim'', or ''Munkatcher Hasidim''. It is named after the Hungarian town in which it was established, Munkatsh (in Yiddish; or in Hungarian: Munkács; today: Mukachevo, in Ukraine). The largest Munkacs community is in Boro Park, Brooklyn; there are also significant Munkacs communities in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, and Monsey, New York; and other communities can be found across North America, in Europe, Israel, and Australia. Lineage of the Munkacs Chasidic Dynasty Roots The dynasty traces its roots to Grand Rebbe Zvi Elimelech Spira (1783–1841), rabbi of Munkacs, and later of Dynów in Galicia. Hims ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sighet (Hasidic Dynasty)
Siget or Ujhel-Siget or Sighet Hasidism, or Sigter Hasidim, is a movement of Hungarian Haredi Jews who adhere to Hasidism, and who are referred to as ''Sigeter Hasidim''. Sighet Hasidism originated in the town of Máramarossziget, Hungary ( yi, סיגעט, now Sighetu Marmației, Romania). Siget is the parent dynasty of the more famous Satmar Hasidic dynasty. Since 1980, the leadership of Siget and Satmar have been united in the person of the Admor of Satmar, though the two groups continue to operate separate synagogues and retain differences in certain customs. Founding Hasidism was brought to Hungary by Rabbi Moshe Teitelbaum of Ujhel (known as the "''Yismach Moshe''"), a disciple of the "Chozeh of Lublin", Rabbi Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin. The Sighet Hasidic dynasty began with Rabbi Yekusiel Yehuda Teitelbaum (I) (1808–1883), his grandson. The town of Sighet was in need of a rabbi to lead the Beis Din and answer the Jewish towns-people's religious questions. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
