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Trochodendrales
Trochodendraceae is the only family of flowering plants in the order Trochodendrales. It comprises two extant genera, each with a single species along with up to five additional extinct genera and a number of extinct species. The living species are native to south east Asia. The two living species (''Tetracentron sinense'' and ''Trochodendron aralioides'') both have secondary xylem without vessel elements, which is quite rare in angiosperms. As the vessel-free wood suggests primitiveness, these two species have attracted much taxonomic attention. Description ''Tetracentron'' and ''Trochodendron'' are deciduous or evergreen trees, which grow to between tall, with ''Trochodendron'' sometimes sporting umbrella-shaped branches. * Leaves in spirals at the end of the branches (umbrella-like appearance, '' Trochodendron'') or separate ('' Tetracentron''), simple, serrulate or crenulate, with chloranthoid teeth, palmately or pinnately divided, brochidodromous or actinodromous, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trochodendron Aralioides
''Trochodendron aralioides'', sometimes colloquially called wheel tree, is a flowering plant and the sole living species in the genus ''Trochodendron'', which also includes several extinct species. It was also often considered the sole species in the family Trochodendraceae, though botanists now include the distinct genus ''Tetracentron'' in the same family. ''T.aralioides'' is native to Japan, southern Korea and Taiwan. Growing in lower temperate Montane ecosystems#Montane forests, montane mixed forests in Japan, and broad-leaved evergreen forest in the central mountain ranges and Northern parts of Taiwan. Description It is an evergreen tree or large shrub growing to 20 m tall. The leaves are borne in tight spirals at the apex of the year's growth, each leaf leathery dark green, simple broad lanceolate, 6–14 cm long and 3–8 cm broad, with a crenate margin. The flowers are produced 10–20 together in a raceme, racemose inflorescence, cyme 5–13 cm diameter; ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraconcavistylon
''Paraconcavistylon'' is an extinct genus of flowering plant in the family Trochodendraceae comprises a single species, ''Paraconcavistylon wehrii''. The genus is known from fossil fruits and leaves found in the early Eocene deposits of northern Washington state, United States, and southern British Columbia, Canada. The species was initially described as a member of the related extinct genus '' Concavistylon'' as ''"Concavistylon" wehrii'', but subsequently moved to the new genus ''Paraconcavistylon'' in 2020 after additional study. Distribution and paleoenvironment ''Paraconcavistylon wehrii'' is known from specimens which were recovered from outcrops of the early Eocene, Ypresian Klondike Mountain Formation in Republic and coeval McAbee Fossil Beds near Cache Creek, British Columbia. The Klondike Mountain Formation and McAbee Fossil sites preserve upland temperate floras which were first interpreted as being microthermal, however further study has shown the floras to be more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trochodendron
''Trochodendron'' is a genus of flowering plants with one living species, ''Trochodendron aralioides'', and six extinct species known from the fossil record. It was often considered the sole genus in the family Trochodendraceae, though botanists now also include the distinct genus '' Tetracentron'' in the family. Species * ''Trochodendron aralioides'' *†'' Trochodendron beckii'' *†'' Trochodendron drachukii'' (Infructescence; Ypresian, McAbee Fossil Beds, British Columbia) *†'' Trochodendron evenense'' (Leaves; Miocene, Kamchatka) *†'' Trochodendron infernense'' (Infructescence; Late Palaeocene, Fort Union Formation) *†'' Trochodendron kamtschaticum'' (Infructescence; Miocene, Kamchatka) *†'' Trochodendron nastae'' (Leaves; Ypresian, Klondike Mountain Formation, Washington state) *†'' Trochodendron postnastae'' (Leaves; Langhian, Moose Mountain Flora, Oregon) *†'' Trochodendron protoaralioides'' (Leaves; late Miocene, Japan) *†'' Trochodendron rosayi'' (Infruc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetracentron
''Tetracentron'' is a genus of flowering plant with a sole living species being '' Tetracentron sinense'' and several extinct species. It was formerly considered the sole genus in the family Tetracentraceae, though it is now included in the family Trochodendraceae together with the genus ''Trochodendron''. Range The living '' Tetracentron sinense'' is native to southern China and the eastern Himalaya, where it grows at altitudes of in a temperate climate; it has no widely used common name in English, though is sometimes called "spur-leaf". Wood vessels ''Tetracentron'' shares with ''Trochodendron'' the feature, very unusual in angiosperms, of lacking vessel elements in its wood. This has long been considered a very primitive character, resulting in the classification of these two genera in a basal position in the angiosperms; however, research in Molecular phylogenetics by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and others has shown that these two genera are not basal angiosperms, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentacentron
''Pentacentron'' is an extinct genus of flowering plant in the family Trochodendraceae, consisting of the single species ''Pentacentron sternhartae''. The genus is known from fossil fruits found in the early Eocene deposits of northern Washington state, United States. ''P. sternhartae'' are possibly the fruits belonging to the extinct trochodendraceous leaves '' Tetracentron hopkinsii''. Distribution and paleoenvironment ''Pentacentron sternhartae'' is known from specimens which are recovered from outcrops of the early Eocene, Ypresian Klondike Mountain Formation in Republic. The Klondike Mountain Formation preserves an upland temperate flora which was first interpreted as being microthermal, however further study has shown the flora to be more mesothermal in nature. The plant community preserved in the Klondike Mountain formation is a mixed conifer–broadleaf forest with large pollen elements of birch and golden larch, but also having notable traces of fir, spruce, cypress, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flowering Plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed within a fruit. The group was formerly called Magnoliophyta. Angiosperms are by far the most diverse group of Embryophyte, land plants with 64 Order (biology), orders, 416 Family (biology), families, approximately 13,000 known Genus, genera and 300,000 known species. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody Plant stem, stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of broad-leaved trees, shrubs and vines, and most aquatic plants. Angiosperms are distinguished from the other major seed plant clade, the gymnosperms, by having flowers, xylem consisting of vessel elements instead of tracheids, endosperm within their seeds, and fruits that completely envelop the seeds. The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the commo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concavistylon
''Concavistylon'' is an extinct genus of flowering plant in the family Trochodendraceae comprising a single species ''Concavistylon kvacekii''. The genus is known from fossils found in Middle Miocene deposits of central Oregon. A second species '' "Concavistylon" wehrii'' was originally placed in ''Concavistylon'', but subsequently moved to a new genus ''Paraconcavistylon'' in 2020. Distribution and paleoenvironment ''Concavistylon kvacekii'' fossils were found in the Moose Mountain Flora, formerly called the Cascadia flora or Menagerie Wilderness flora, of Linn County, Oregon. The flora is included in the Little Butte Volcanic series outcropping near the town of Cascadia in the central Oregon Cascades. Work on the flora by paleobotanist Jack Wolfe in 1964 gave an estimated age of Early Miocene, this was later revised by Wolfe and Tanai in 1987 to a Late Oligocene estimation. In the descriptive paper naming ''Concavistylon'' Manchester ''et al.'' reported that radioisot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including only woody plants with secondary growth, only plants that are usable as lumber, or only plants above a specified height. But wider definitions include taller palms, tree ferns, bananas, and bamboos. Trees are not a monophyletic taxonomic group but consist of a wide variety of plant species that have independently evolved a trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. The majority of tree species are angiosperms or hardwoods; of the rest, many are gymnosperms or softwoods. Trees tend to be long-lived, some trees reaching several thousand years old. Trees evolved around 400 million years ago, and it is estimated that there are around three trillion mature trees in the world currently. A tree typically has many secondary branches supported cle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inflorescence
In botany, an inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a plant's Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branches. An inflorescence is categorized on the basis of the arrangement of flowers on a main axis (Peduncle (botany), peduncle) and by the timing of its flowering (determinate and indeterminate). Morphology (biology), Morphologically, an inflorescence is the modified part of the Shoot (botany), shoot of spermatophyte, seed plants where flowers are formed on the axis of a plant. The modifications can involve the length and the nature of the internode (botany), internodes and the phyllotaxis, as well as variations in the proportions, compressions, swellings, adnations, connations and reduction of main and secondary axes. One can also define an inflorescence as the reproductive portion of a plant that bears a cluster of flowers in a specific pattern. General characteristics Inflorescences are described by many different charact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant
Plants are the eukaryotes that form the Kingdom (biology), kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly Photosynthesis, photosynthetic. This means that they obtain their energy from sunlight, using chloroplasts derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria to produce sugars from carbon dioxide and water, using the green pigment chlorophyll. Exceptions are parasitic plants that have lost the genes for chlorophyll and photosynthesis, and obtain their energy from other plants or fungi. Most plants are multicellular organism, multicellular, except for some green algae. Historically, as in Aristotle's biology, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi. Definitions have narrowed since then; current definitions exclude fungi and some of the algae. By the definition used in this article, plants form the clade Viridiplantae (green plants), which consists of the green algae and the embryophytes or land plants (hornworts, liverworts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burl
A burl (American English) or burr (British English) is a tree growth in which the grain has grown in a deformed manner. It is commonly found in the form of a rounded outgrowth on a tree trunk or branch that is filled with small knots from dormant buds. Burl formation is typically a result of some form of stress such as an injury or a viral or fungal infection. More scientifically, a burl is “the result of hyperplasia, a greatly abnormal proliferation of xylem production by the vascular cambium”. Burls yield a very peculiar and highly figured wood sought after in woodworking, and some items may reach high prices on the wood market. Poaching of burl specimens and damaging the trees in the process poses a problem in some areas. Description A burl results from a tree undergoing some form of stress. It may be caused by a virus, fungus or ''Agrobacterium tumefaciens'' entering the plant through an injury. Most burls grow beneath the ground, attached to the roots as a type ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
