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Tonda Languages
The Tonda languages form a branch of the Yam languages, Yam language family of southern New Guinea. There are over 10 languages. Tonda languages share some areal features are shared with the Kolopom languages. Languages The Tonda languages are: ;Tonda / West Morehead River *Arammba language, Arammba *Central Morehead River: Anta language, Anta, Komnzo language, Kómnzo, Wára language, Wára, Wérè language, Wérè, Kémä language, Kémä, Kánchá language, Kánchá *Warta Thuntai language, Warta Thuntai *Bensbach River **Upper Bensbach River ***Mblafe language, Mblafe–Ránmo language, Ránmo ***Ngarna–Rema ****Nggarna language, Nggarna (Sota) ****Rema language, Rema **Kanum ***Ngkolmpu: Ngkolmpu language, Ngkâlmpw/Ngkontar, Bedi Ngkolmpu language, Bädi ***South Kanum: Smerki language, Bârkâli-Smärki, Tamer language, Tämer Notes (see Evans 2018: 681): *Each terminal bullet point lists a different dialect chain. *Ránmo language, Ránmo is lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Mainland Australia, Australia by the wide Torres Strait, though both landmasses lie on the same continental shelf, and were united during episodes of low sea level in the Pleistocene glaciations as the combined landmass of Sahul. Numerous smaller islands are located to the west and east. The island's name was given by Spanish explorer Yñigo Ortiz de Retez during his maritime expedition of 1545 due to the perceived resemblance of the indigenous peoples of the island to those in the Guinea (region), African region of Guinea. The eastern half of the island is the major land mass of the nation of Papua New Guinea. The western half, known as Western New Guinea, forms a part of Indonesia and is organized as the provinces of Pap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mblafe Language
Blafe (Mblafe), also known as Tonda or ''Indorodoro/Yendorador'', is a Papuan language of New Guinea. Dialects are ''Mblafe'' and ''Ránmo''. It is centered in Indorodoro village () of Kandarisa ward (), Morehead Rural LLG, Western Province, Papua New Guinea. Mblafe-speaking villages are located along eastern banks of the Bensbach River The Bensbach River is a river in southwestern Papua New Guinea. It is located just to the east of the Maro River in Merauke Regency, Indonesia, and just to the west of the Morehead River in Papua New Guinea. The mouth of the river, Torasi Estuar ... and inland areas to the east of the river.John Grummitt, Janell Maste. 2012. A Survey of the Tonda Sub-Group of Languages'. SIL International. References Tonda languages Languages of Western Province (Papua New Guinea) {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Base-6
A senary () numeral system (also known as base-6, heximal, or seximal) has six as its base. It has been adopted independently by a small number of cultures. Like the decimal base 10, the base is a semiprime, though it is unique as the product of the only two consecutive numbers that are both prime (2 and 3). As six is a superior highly composite number, many of the arguments made in favor of the duodecimal system also apply to the senary system. Formal definition The standard set of digits in the senary system is \mathcal_6 = \lbrace 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5\rbrace, with the linear order 0 < 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 < 5. Let be the of , where is the operation of |
Dialect Chain
A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are mutually intelligible, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated varieties may not be. This is a typical occurrence with widely spread languages and language families around the world, when these languages did not spread recently. Some prominent examples include the Indo-Aryan languages across large parts of India, varieties of Arabic across north Africa and southwest Asia, the Turkic languages, the varieties of Chinese, and parts of the Romance, Germanic and Slavic families in Europe. Terms used in older literature include dialect area (Leonard Bloomfield) and L-complex (Charles F. Hockett). Dialect continua typically occur in long-settled agrarian populations, as innovations spread from their various points of origin as waves. In this situation, hierarchical classifications of varieties are impractical. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamer Language
Tamer (Tämer) is a Yam language of Yanggandur in southeast Merauke Regency, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, .... It forms a dialect continuum with Smerki (Smärki), and indeed goes by that name. References Tonda languages Languages of Western New Guinea {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smerki Language
Smerki is a Yam language spoken in Rawu Biru, Tomer, Tomerau, and Yakiw in southeast Merauke Regency, Indonesia. Bârkâli (Barkari) and Smärki may be distinct enough to count as separate languages. The Tamer language Tamer (Tämer) is a Yam language of Yanggandur in southeast Merauke Regency, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacif ... is closely related. References Tonda languages Languages of Western New Guinea {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bedi Ngkolmpu Language
Ngkolmpu Kanum, or Ngkontar, is part of a dialect chain in the Yam family spoken by the Kanum people of New Guinea. The Ngkâlmpw (Ngkontar) and moribund Bädi varieties have limited mutual intelligibility In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between different but related language varieties in which speakers of the different varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort. Mutual intelli ... may be considered distinct languages. Dialects Languages spoken by the Kanum have variously been referred to as Ngkâlmpw Kanum, Enkelembu, Kenume, and Knwne. Carroll describes three varieties forming a dialect chain. Ngkolmpu is divided into Ngkontar and the moribund variety Baedi (Bädi). Phonology Consonants Ngkolmpu Kanum has 15 consonant phonemes (plus two marginal phonemes) at three points of articulation: bilabial, coronal, and velar. Prenasalized voiceless stops and fricatives contrast with voiceless and nasal re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rema Language
Rema, also known as Bothar, is a nearly extinct Papuan language The Papuan languages are the non-Austronesian languages spoken on the western Pacific island of New Guinea, as well as neighbouring islands in Indonesia, Solomon Islands, and East Timor. It is a strictly geographical grouping, and does not imply a ... of New Guinea. References Tonda languages Languages of Western Province (Papua New Guinea) Endangered Papuan languages Severely endangered languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nggarna Language
Nggarna (Ngar), or Sota (Sota Kanum), is a Yam language of in the village of Sota in Merauke Regency, Indonesia. Located in western which borders with Morehead Rural LLG, Western Province, Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n .... Despite identifying as Kanum, the language is closer to Rema across the border in Indonesia than it is to other Kanum languages of Papua New Guinea. References Tonda languages Languages of Western Province (Papua New Guinea) {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ránmo Language
Blafe (Mblafe), also known as Tonda or ''Indorodoro/Yendorador'', is a Papuan language of New Guinea. Dialects are ''Mblafe'' and ''Ránmo''. It is centered in Indorodoro village () of Kandarisa ward (), Morehead Rural LLG, Western Province, Papua New Guinea Western Province is a coastal province in southwestern Papua New Guinea, bordering the Indonesian provinces of Highland Papua and South Papua. The provincial capital is Daru. The largest town in the province is Tabubil. Other major settlements ar .... Mblafe-speaking villages are located along eastern banks of the Bensbach River and inland areas to the east of the river.John Grummitt, Janell Maste. 2012. A Survey of the Tonda Sub-Group of Languages'. SIL International. References Tonda languages Languages of Western Province (Papua New Guinea) {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bensbach River
The Bensbach River is a river in southwestern Papua New Guinea. It is located just to the east of the Maro River in Merauke Regency, Indonesia, and just to the west of the Morehead River in Papua New Guinea. The mouth of the river, Torasi Estuary, marks part of the extreme southern boundary between Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. The river is strongly meandering and rather narrow. From the rivermouth, it stretches in a roughly northeasterly direction, and so is entirely located in PNG territory. It flows through the Trans-Fly savanna and grasslands, including the Tonda Wildlife Management Area. Europeans first discovered the river on 27 February 1893, and it was named after Jacob Bensbach, Dutch Resident at Ternate, by Sir William MacGregor. The local people call it the Torassi (sometimes spelled Torasi). Tonda languages are spoken in the Bensbach River area. See also *List of rivers of Papua New Guinea *Western Province (Papua New Guinea) * Tonda Wildlife Management Area * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
