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Tenguella
Tenguella (also known as Temelá or Tenguella Ba) was a Fula people, Fula ''silatigi'' or chief who founded a short-lived state called Futa Kingui in the upper Senegal river valley, a precursor of the Empire of Great Fulo. He was referred to as the Great Fulo or Great king of the Fulos in Portuguese documents of the time. Background and Early Life The Fula are a West African nomadic people. They had been moving south within the Mali Empire since the thirteenth century. They had generally submitted to the laws of the settled farmers in the region and so had avoided large confrontations. By the end of the 15th Century, they had a strong presence in Futa Tooro, Inner Niger Delta, Macina, Fouta Djallon and Bundu, Senegal, Bondu. Tenguella was originally from the western part of Futa Tooro outside the immediate Senegal River valley, an area that was part of the Jolof Empire at the time. He was ''silatigi'' of the Yaalalbe clan, both a political and religious leader. Reign Futa King ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empire Of Great Fulo
The Empire of Great Fulo (; ), also known as the Denanke Kingdom or Denianke Kingdom, was a Pulaar kingdom of Senegal, which dominated the Futa Toro region from the early 16th century to 1776. Tenguella, a Fula chief in Futa Toro, led an emigration in the 1450s to establish the Futa Kingi state. His actions disrupted trade, which threatened Mali's communication lines, and led to conflict with Songhai. In 1512, Amar Konjago of the Songhai defeated Tenguella, ending his state. Tenguella's son, Koli, led further migrations, and redirected military efforts against the Jolof Empire, hastening its collapse. After Koli's reign, the Denianke dynasty ruled a large empire but later on succession struggles, foreign intervention, and instability followed. In 1776, Sulayman Bal led a revolution, overthrowing the dynasty and establishing the Imamate of Futa Toro. Etymology The ''Deniaankobe'' were the clan of Koli Tenguella. There are a variety of theories for the origin of the name ei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koli Tenguella
Koli Tenguella (also referred to as Koli Tenguella Bâ/Bah, Koli Tengella Jaaje Baa and Koli Pullo) (r. 1512–1537) was a Fulani warrior and leader who was pivotal in establishing the Empire of Great Fulo. Family Koli was the son of Tenguella, who led a regional conflict against the Mali Empire and Songhai Empire. His mother, Nana Keita, is said in traditional histories to be descended from Sundiata Keita. In Futa Jallon Tenguella raised the Fula, who lived all across the region, against the existing empires. As part of this effort, he sent Koli south to raise the Fula of Fuladu, Beledougou, Birgo and Wassoulou in revolt against Mali. This main thrust was defeated, however, and he fell back to the Futa Jallon. His forces settled there in a region known as Dena, sometimes called Bajar in oral histories. According to local legend Koli himself lived in a large cave known as Gueme Sangan, but his power base was Labe. They reinforced the two-centuries old Fula presence at t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silatigi
Silatigi (variant spellings include Satigi, Silati and Solatigi) was a title used in the Mali Empire which survived in several societies in the region, notably the Denianke Kingdom of Futa Toro. Etymology In Mande, the term "silatigi" derives from "sili" meaning road, and "tigi" meaning master or leader. Thus the "silatigi" is the one who leads the community in following the right path, physical or spiritual. History and Use Silatigi was one of several titles used for provincial governors of the Mali Empire. By the 16th century in what is now Sierra Leone, it had a become a title for royal councillors and judges who assured the interim rule between the death of a king and the election of his successor.Andreas W. Massing. “The Mane, the Decline of Mali, and Mandinka Expansion Towards the South Windward Coast (Les Mane, Le Déclin Du Mali, et l’expansion Mandingue Vers La Côte Du Vent Méridionale).” Cahiers d'Études Africaines, vol. 25, no. 97, 1985, pp. 25. JSTOR, http: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmud II (mansa)
Mansa Mahmud II, also known as Muhammad or Mamadou, was mansa ("king of kings") of the Mali Empire from 1481 to 1496. He was the son, but not necessarily the immediate successor, of Mansa Uli II. Mansa Mahmud II's rule was characterized by crisis. The rise of Tenguella in the 1480s and 90s put pressure on Mali's western provinces, particularly Futa Jallon that was occupied by Koli Tenguella. The growing trade in Mali's western provinces with Portugal witnessed the exchange of envoys between the two nations. Mansa Mahmud II received the Portuguese envoy Pedro da Évora in 1484.Niane, D.T.: "Recherches sur l'Empire du Mali au Moyen âge". Presence Africaine. Paris, 1975 In the letter he sent back to King John II of Portugal, Mahmud claimed to be exceeded in power by only the sultans of Yemen, Baghdad, Cairo and Takrur.M. Ly-Tall"The Decline of the Mali Empire" in D. T. Niane (ed.), ''General History of Africa, IV: Africa from theTwelfth to the Sixteenth Century'' (UNESCO, 1984 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Diarra
Diarra, also referred to as Kingui, Diafunu, or Kaniaga, was a Soninke state in what is now northwestern Mali, centered around the town of Diarra. Founded in the 11th century, it was occasionally independent but frequently under the domination of a series of Sahelian empires until its final destruction by the Toucouleur Empire in the 19th century. Names The kingdom has many different names, which are used in different contexts. ''Diarra'' (also spelled ''Jaara'' or ''Zara'') is the name of the capital, and so applied to the state as a whole. ''Kingui'' is the Pulaar term for the region. ''Kaniaga'' is a Soninke term for land between the upper Senegal river and the Niger bend, derived from a Malinke term which means 'north'; it is sometimes applied to Diarra, and sometimes to the Sosso Empire, as both were located to the north of the Manding region. ''Diafunu'' (also spelled ''Zafunu'') is a region around the upper Kolinbiné River. The name means "people of Dia", and wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umar Komajago
Umar Komajago, also spelled Konjaago, Komadiaga and many other variants, was the Kanfari, or ruler of the western provinces, of the Songhai Empire under his brother Askia Mohammad I from 1494 until his death in 1520. Deputized by his brother to subdue the rebellious city of Dia soon after seizing power, Umar's victory was so complete that he was given the title 'Kumadiagha', meaning 'the conqueror of Diagha ia. Askia Mohammad also created the position of ''Kurmina-fari'' (often shortened to ''Kanfari'') for him. Two years later Umar re-built the town of Tindirma to serve as his capital. During the Askia's pilgrimage to Mecca, Umar ruled the empire loyally and competently in his absence. In 1512 Umar defeated and killed the Fula leader Tenguella after a 2-month march through the desert, bringing the Kingdom of Diarra Diarra, also referred to as Kingui, Diafunu, or Kaniaga, was a Soninke state in what is now northwestern Mali, centered around the town of Diarra. Founded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mali Empire
The Mali Empire (Manding languages, Manding: ''Mandé''Ki-Zerbo, Joseph: ''UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV, Abridged Edition: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century'', p. 57. University of California Press, 1997. or ''Manden Duguba''; ) was an empire in West Africa from 1226 to 1610. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita () and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Musa (Musa Keita). At its peak, Mali was the largest empire in West Africa, widely influencing the culture of the region through the spread of Manding languages, its language, laws, and customs. The empire began as a small Mandinka people, Mandinka kingdom at the upper reaches of the Niger River, centered around the Manding region. It began to develop during the 11th and 12th centuries as the Ghana Empire, or Wagadu, declined and trade epicentres shifted southward. The Pre-imperial Mali, history of the Mali Empire before the 13th century is unclear, as there are conflict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Futa Tooro
Futa Toro ( Wolof and , , ; ), often simply the Futa, is a semidesert region around the middle run of the Senegal River. This region, along the border of Senegal and Mauritania, is historically significant as the center of several Fulani states, and a source of jihad armies and migrants to the Fouta Djallon. The word Futa is a general name the Fulbe gave to any area they lived in, while Toro was the actual identity of the region for its inhabitants, likely derived from the ancient kingdom of Takrur. The people of the area mostly speak Pulaar, a dialect of the Fula language that spans West Africa from Senegal to Cameroon. They identified themselves by the language giving rise to the name Haalpulaar'en meaning those who speak Pulaar. The Haalpulaar'en are also known as Toucouleurs (var. ''Tukolor''), a name also derived from of Takrur. Geography The Futa Toro stretches for about 400 kilometers, but only a narrow band of up to 20 kilometers on either side of the Senegal Rive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaabu
Kaabu (1537–1867), also written Gabu, Ngabou, and N'Gabu, was a federation of Mandinka kingdoms in the Senegambia region centered within modern northeastern Guinea-Bissau, large parts of today's Gambia, and extending into Koussanar, Koumpentoum, and the Casamance in Senegal. It rose to prominence as an imperial military province of the Mali Empire. After the decline of the Mali Empire, Kaabu became independent. Kansala, the imperial capital, was captured by Fula forces from the Futa Jallon during the 19th century Fula jihads. However, Kaabu's successor states across Senegambia continued to thrive even after the fall of Kansala; this lasted until total incorporation of the remaining kingdoms into the British, Portuguese and French spheres of influence during the Scramble for Africa. Etymology Scholars and oral historians have proposed various etymologies for the name ''Kaabu''. These include it being derived from Kaba or Kangaba, Mali, the capital of the Mali Emp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fula People
The Fula, Fulani, or Fulɓe people are an ethnic group in Sahara, Sahel and West Africa, widely dispersed across the region. Inhabiting many countries, they live mainly in West Africa and northern parts of Central Africa, South Sudan, Darfur, and regions near the Red Sea coast in Sudan. The approximate number of Fula people is unknown, due to clashing definitions regarding Fula ethnicity. Various estimates put the figure between 25 and 40 million people worldwide. A significant proportion of the Fula – a third, or an estimated 7 to 10 million – are pastoralism, pastoralists, and their ethnic group has the largest nomadic pastoral community in the world., Quote: The Fulani form the largest pastoral nomadic group in the world. The Bororo'en are noted for the size of their cattle herds. In addition to fully nomadic groups, however, there are also semisedentary Fulani – Fulbe Laddi – who also farm, although they argue that they do so out of necessity, not choice. The major ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
