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Telecommunications In Sri Lanka
Telecommunications in Sri Lanka commenced in 1858 after the first telegraphic circuit between Colombo and Galle was commenced. The sector continues to grow in the modern times. Telephone Landlines in use: 3,838,291 (December, 2021) Mobile Phones in use: 30,824,128 (December, 2021) * Teledensity (Fixed Phones per 100 inhabitants) : 12.9 (December, 2021) * Mobile Subscription per 100 people : 135 (December, 2021) Telephone Network Excellent domestic service in urban and semi urban areas. Inadequate service in rural and remote areas (2010), good international service (2010). The latest trend is the Fixed 4G LTE and 5G technologies, because of this technology many Sri Lankans who live in rural and remote areas can now access a good telephone and broadband internet service. Domestic The national trunk network consists mostly of digital microwave radio relay and fiber-optic links are now in use in the Colombo City and all major cities and towns International Two submarine cabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EDGE (telecommunication)
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), also known as 2.75G and under various other names, is a 2G digital mobile phone technology for packet switching, packet switched data transmission. It is a subset of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) on the GSM network and improves upon it offering speeds close to 3G technology, hence the name 2.75G. EDGE is standardized by the 3GPP as part of the GSM family and as an upgrade to GPRS. EDGE was deployed on GSM networks beginning in 2003 – initially by Cingular (now AT&T) in the United States. It could be readily deployed on existing GSM and GPRS cellular equipment, making it an easier upgrade for Mobile network operator, cellular companies compared to the UMTS 3G technology that required significant changes. Through the introduction of sophisticated methods of coding and transmitting data, EDGE delivers higher bit-rates per radio channel, resulting in a threefold increase in capacity and performance compared with an ordinary G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Colombo
The University of Colombo (informally Colombo University or UoC) is a Public University, public research university located primarily in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It is the oldest institution of modern higher education in Sri Lanka. Specialised in the fields of Natural sciences, Natural, social sciences, Social, and applied sciences, Applied Sciences as well as Mathematics, computer sciences, Computer Sciences, Law, and Technology. It is ranked among the top 10 universities in South Asia. The University of Colombo was founded in 1921 as ''University College Colombo'', affiliated to the University of London. Degrees were issued to its students from 1923 onwards. The university traces its roots to 1870 when the ''Ceylon Medical School'' was established."About University of Colombo" UoC has produced List of University ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Moratuwa
The University of Moratuwa (also referred as Moratuwa University) ( ''Moraṭuwa Wiśwawidyālaya'', ) is a public university in Sri Lanka. It is located on the bank of the Bolgoda Lake in Katubedda, Moratuwa, a suburb of Sri Lanka's capital Colombo. Apart from academics including undergraduate and postgraduate studies, the University of Moratuwa presents social and cultural activities, student services, societies, and sports and recreational activities. The institution was known as Ceylon College of Technology, Katubedda (Katubedda Tech) before gaining university status. Its roots go back to the Institute of Practical Technology founded in 1960 to provide technical education. History The University of Moratuwa is an independent state university in Katubedda, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka overlooking Bolgoda Lake. It was established as the University of Moratuwa (UoM), Sri Lanka on 22 December 1978 under the Universities Act No. 16 of 1978 and operates under the general direction of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lanka Education And Research Network
The Lanka Education and Research Network (LEARN), formerly the Lanka Experimental Academic and Research Network, is a specialized internet service provider dedicated to supporting the needs of the research and education communities within Sri Lanka. The history of the internet in Sri Lanka began with the initial proposal of the 'Lankan Experimental Academic and Research Network' (LEARN) to Sri Lankan government in 1989 by Prof. Abhaya Induruwa. In 1990 the LEARNmail was initiated and the first message was sent over LEARN was from the University of Moratuwa to the University of Colombo. In 1994, wireless links were used to create first Internet Protocol / Wide area network (IP/WAN) in Sri Lanka between University of Colombo, University of Moratuwa and Open University of Sri Lanka. Based on a proposal submitted in 1992 to Sri Lankan government, LEARN connected to the internet in 1995 opening doors to the Internet era in Sri Lanka. Today LEARN as the National Research and Education ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hutch (Sri Lanka)
Hutchison Telecommunications Lanka (Pvt) Ltd, Trade name, d.b.a. Hutch (, ) is a Sri Lankan telecommunication service provider and the country's third largest mobile network operator, with approximately 3.8 million subscribers of the Sri Lankan mobile market as of December 2024. Hutch is a subsidiary of CK Hutchison Holdings, CK Hutchison Holdings Limited which owns an 85% controlling stake in the company while the rest is held by Etisalat, Emirates Telecommunication Group Company PJSC. Initially it was called as "CallLink" and was the second mobile operator in Sri Lanka. Hutchison acquired its services in 1998 with the aim of being a nationwide operator in Sri Lanka. , Hutch has network coverage of approximately 90% of the entire island. Hutch announced that they acquired Etisalat (Sri Lanka), Etisalat on 30 November 2018. Hutchison Telecom Lanka is a member of Hutchison Asia Telecom which comprises mobile telecommunications operations in the emerging markets of Indonesia, Viet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voice Over NR
Voice over New Radio or Voice over 5G (acronym VoNR or Vo5G) is a high-speed wireless communication standard for voice services over 5G networks, utilizing mobile phones, data terminals, IoT devices, and wearables. Like 4G networks, 5G does not natively support voice calls traditionally carried over circuit-switched technology. Instead, voice communication is transmitted over the IP network, similar to IPTV services. To address this, VoNR is implemented, allowing voice calls to be carried over the 5G network using the same packet-switched infrastructure as other IP-based services, such as video streaming and messaging. Similar to how VoLTE enables voice calls on 4G networks, VoNR serves as the 5G equivalent for voice communication, but it requires a 5G standalone (SA) network to function. VoNR offers better voice quality than its 4G predecessor, primarily due to the inherent lower latency of 5G NR, allowing for faster call setup and improved overall communication. Additiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VoWiFi
Wi-Fi calling, also called VoWiFi, refers to mobile phone voice calls and data that are made over IP networks using Wi-Fi, instead of the cell towers provided by cellular networks. Using this feature, compatible handsets are able to route regular cellular calls through a wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) network with broadband Internet, while seamlessly changing connections between the two where necessary. This feature makes use of the Generic Access Network (GAN) protocol, also known as Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA). Voice over wireless LAN (VoWLAN), also voice over Wi‑Fi (VoWiFi), is the use of a wireless broadband network according to the IEEE 802.11 standards for the purpose of vocal conversation. In essence, it is voice over IP (VoIP) over a Wi-Fi network. Essentially, GAN/UMA allows cell phone packets to be forwarded to a network access point over the internet, rather than over-the-air using GSM/GPRS, UMTS or similar. A separate device known as a "GAN Controller" (GANC) receive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voice Over LTE
Voice over Long-Term Evolution (acronym VoLTE) is an LTE high-speed wireless communication standard for voice calls and SMS using mobile phones and data terminals. VoLTE has up to three times more voice and data capacity than older 3G UMTS and up to six times more than 2G GSM. It uses less bandwidth because VoLTE's packet headers are smaller than those of unoptimized VoIP/LTE. VoLTE calls are usually charged at the same rate as other calls. To be able to make a VoLTE call, the device, its firmware, and the mobile telephone providers on each end, as well as the inter-carrier connectivity must all implement the service in the area, and be able to work together. VoLTE has been marketed as "HD voice" by some carriers, but this is a broader concept. Moreover, HD+ ( EVS) is used only in LTE and NR; HD voice was available in 3G too. Overview VoLTE is based on the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) architectural framework, with specific profiles for control and media planes of voice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LTE Advanced
LTE Advanced, also named or recognized as LTE+, LTE-A or 4G+, is a 4G mobile Cellular network, cellular communication standard developed by 3GPP as a major enhancement of the LTE (telecommunication), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Three technologies from the LTE-Advanced tool-kit carrier aggregation, 4x4 MIMO and 256QAM modulation in the downlink if used together and with sufficient aggregated bandwidth, can deliver maximum peak downlink speeds approaching, or even exceeding, 1 Gbit/s. This is significantly more than the peak 300 Mbit/s rate offered by the preceding LTE standard. Later developments have resulted in LTE Advanced Pro (or 4.9G) which increases bandwidth even further. The first ever LTE Advanced network was deployed in 2013 by SK Telecom in South Korea. In August 2019, the Global mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) reported that there were 304 commercially launched LTE-Advanced networks in 134 countries. Overall, 335 operators are investing in LTE-Adv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frequency Division Duplexing
A duplex communication system is a point-to-point system composed of two or more connected parties or devices that can communicate with one another in both directions. Duplex systems are employed in many communications networks, either to allow for simultaneous communication in both directions between two connected parties or to provide a reverse path for the monitoring and remote adjustment of equipment in the field. There are two types of duplex communication systems: full-duplex (FDX) and half-duplex (HDX). In a full-duplex system, both parties can communicate with each other simultaneously. An example of a full-duplex device is plain old telephone service; the parties at both ends of a call can speak and be heard by the other party simultaneously. The earphone reproduces the speech of the remote party as the microphone transmits the speech of the local party. There is a two-way communication channel between them, or more strictly speaking, there are two communication channel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DC-HSPA+
Evolved High Speed Packet Access, HSPA+, HSPA (Plus) or HSPAP, is a technical standard for wireless broadband telecommunication, and extends the original HSPA. The 3GPP standard organisation specified the original HSPA in release 7. HSPA+ can achieve data rates of up to 42.2 Mbit/s. HSPA+ upgrades existing 3G networks to achieve speeds closer to 4G without a new radio interface. HSPA+ should not be confused with LTE, which uses an air interface based on orthogonal frequency-division modulation and multiple access. HSPA+ introduces antenna array technologies such as beamforming and multiple-input multiple-output communications (MIMO). Beamforming focuses antenna power in a beam toward the user's direction. MIMO uses multiple antennas on the sending and receiving side. Further releases of the standard have introduced dual carrier operation, allowing communication over two 5 MHz frequency bands simultaneously. Advanced HSPA+ is a further evolution of HSPA and provides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
