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Telecommunications In France
Telecommunications in France are highly developed. France is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to foreign countries. Fixed-line telephony The telephony system employs an extensive system of modern network elements such as digital telephone exchanges, mobile switching centres, media gateways and signalling gateways at the core, interconnected by a wide variety of transmission systems using fibre-optics or Microwave radio relay networks. The access network, which connects the subscriber to the core, is highly diversified with different copper-pair, optic-fibre and wireless technologies. The fixed-line telecommunications market is dominated by the former state-owned monopoly France Telecom. Telephones – main lines in use: 36.441 mill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Country Code Top-level Domain
A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code. All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all two-letter top-level domains are ccTLDs. In 2018, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) began implementing internationalized country code top-level domains, consisting of language-native characters when displayed in an end-user application. Creation and delegation of ccTLDs is described in RFC 1591, corresponding to ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes. While gTLDs have to obey international regulations, ccTLDs are subjected to requirements that are determined by each country's domain name regulation corporation. With over 150 million domain name registrations as of 2022, ccTLDs make up about 40% of the total domain name industry. Country code extension applications began in 1985. The registered country code extensions in that year in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telecommunications In Saint Barthélemy
Telecommunication, often used in its plural form or abbreviated as telecom, is the transmission of information over a distance using electronic means, typically through cables, radio waves, or other communication technologies. These means of transmission may be divided into communication channels for multiplexing, allowing for a single medium to transmit several concurrent communication sessions. Long-distance technologies invented during the 20th and 21st centuries generally use electric power, and include the telegraph, telephone, television, and radio. Early telecommunication networks used metal wires as the medium for transmitting signals. These networks were used for telegraphy and telephony for many decades. In the first decade of the 20th century, a revolution in wireless communication began with breakthroughs including those made in radio communications by Guglielmo Marconi, who won the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics. Other early pioneers in electrical and electronic tel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telecommunications In New Caledonia
Telephones Telephone country code: 687 Telephones - main lines in use: 53,300 (2004) (up from 44,000 in 1995) Telephones - mobile cellular: 116,400 (2004) (up from 825 in 1995) There is a single network operator, OPT-NC. Telephone system: ''domestic:'' NA ''international:'' satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) Radio and television Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 5, Digital Radio Oceane, shortwave 0 (2009) Radios: 107,000 (1997) Television broadcast stations: 6 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1997) Televisions: 52,000 (1997) Internet Internet service providers (ISPs): 1 (1999) Country code A country code is a short alphanumeric identification code for countries and dependent areas. Its primary use is in data processing and communications. Several identification systems have been developed. The term ''country code'' frequently re ... (Top level domain): NC See also * Telephone numbers in New Caledonia References {{Telecommunications ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telecommunications In Guadeloupe
As an overseas department and region of France, Guadeloupe has a developed telecommunication system. Internet In 2019, there were 170,000 active high speed internet broadband subscriptions in Guadeloupe. 3 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) service the region: Orange Caraïbes, Mediaserv, and Outremer Telecom. In 2019, there were 623,000 active mobile phone lines in Guadeloupe, which represents a 145% equipment rate, higher than mainland France. Domain name Guadeloupe has its own domain name: .gp. Radio There are 35 radio stations emitting in Guadeloupe. In 1997, there were 113,000 radio sets in the region. Television There ar10 TV stationsemitting in Guadeloupe using digital terrestrial television, including 4 local stations. In 1997, there were 118,000 television sets in Guadeloupe. See also * Guadeloupe References External links Interreg CaribbeanGuadeloupe SubmarineCableMap.com Guadeloupe Guadeloupe Guadeloupe is an Overseas departments and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telecommunications In French Polynesia
Telecommunication, often used in its plural form or abbreviated as telecom, is the transmission of information over a distance using electronic means, typically through cables, radio waves, or other communication technologies. These means of transmission may be divided into communication channels for multiplexing, allowing for a single medium to transmit several concurrent communication sessions. Long-distance technologies invented during the 20th and 21st centuries generally use electric power, and include the telegraph, telephone, television, and radio. Early telecommunication networks used metal wires as the medium for transmitting signals. These networks were used for telegraphy and telephony for many decades. In the first decade of the 20th century, a revolution in wireless communication began with breakthroughs including those made in radio communications by Guglielmo Marconi, who won the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics. Other early pioneers in electrical and electronic tel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telecommunications In French Guiana
There are telecommunications in French Guiana. Telephones In 1923, there were 117 telephones in use, with 241 miles of wire.Meehan. The Guianas: Commercial and Economic Survey. Trade Information Bulletin No 516. November 1927p 28 The number of telephones was approximately 6,800 by 1975, The National Basic Intelligence Factbook, July 1975p 69/ref> approximately 13,700 by 1982 The World Factbook 1982p 76/ref> and 18,100 by 1989. The World Factbook 1989p 101/ref> There were 47,000 telephone main lines in use in 1995, The World Factbook 2000p 175/ref> and 51,000 in 2001. The World Factbook 2005p 197/ref> There were 138,200 mobile cellular phones in 2002. Telephone system: ''domestic:'' fair open wire and microwave radio relay system ''international:'' satellite earth station – 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Telegraphs In 1923, there were nine telegraph offices, with 205 miles of wire. Radio Radio Cayenne began to broadcast on 9 June 1951, with regular broadcasts from January 1953.Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autorité De Régulation Des Communications Électroniques, Des Postes Et De La Distribution De La Presse
The Autorité de Régulation des Communications Électroniques, des Postes et de la Distribution de la Presse (ARCEP or Arcep) is the French regulatory authority in charge of regulating telecommunications, postal services and print media distribution in France. It can be compared somewhat with the United States' Federal Communications Commission (FCC), though regulation of the radio spectrum falls to the ''Agence nationale des fréquences'' ( fr: ANFR), and regulation of audiovisual and digital communication falls to the '' Autorité de régulation de la communication audiovisuelle et numérique'' ( fr: Arcom) since the merger on 1 January 2022 of the former ''Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel'' ( fr: CSA) and the former '' Haute Autorité pour la diffusion des œuvres et la protection des droits sur internet'' ( fr: Hadopi). The ARCEP has its head office in 14 rue Gerty Archimède in Bercy, Paris, France. History ARCEP or Arcep is France's "Electronic Communications, Postal and Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mobile Virtual Network Operator
A mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) is a wireless communications services provider that does not own the wireless network infrastructure over which it provides services to its customers. An MVNO enters into a business agreement with a mobile network operator (MNO) to obtain bulk access to network services at wholesale rates, then sets retail prices independently. An MVNO may use its own customer service, billing support systems, marketing, and sales personnel, or it could employ the services of a mobile virtual network enabler (MVNE). History MVNO agreements with network operators date back to the 1990s, when the European and Australian telecom markets saw market liberalization, new regulatory frameworks, better 2G network technology, and a subsequent jump in wireless subscriber numbers. Though the new 2G networks more efficiently managed the limited frequency bands allocated to wireless service, new mobile entrants were still limited by their ability to access frequency b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telecommunications In Sweden
This article covers telecommunications in Sweden. Telecommunications Sweden liberalized its telecommunications industry starting in 1980s and being formally liberalized in 1993.Swedish Economic Policy Review 9 (2002) 133-161. ''Telecommunications liberlaisation in Sweden: Is "intermediate regulation viable?''. Lars Hultkrantz. 2002. Available online ipdf format. Retrieved 22 February 2007. This was three years ahead of USA and five years before the European common policy introduced in January 1998 allowed for an open and competitive telecommunication market. The Swedes, most of who are computer literate, enjoy a continuous growth in the Internet market and the availability of technologies such as Metro Ethernet, fiber, satellite, WAN access technologies and even the availability of 3G services. Statistically, 6.447 (2004) million telephone main lines are in use, 8.0436 (2005) million mobile cellular telephones are in use and 6.7 million Swedes are regular internet users. Thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Mobile
Free Mobile S.A.S. is a French telecommunications company and subsidiary of Free S.A.S. that provides wireless Internet to consumers in France. It was the fourth mobile network operator to obtain a metropolitan French 3G license in 2009. It also obtained a 4G license in 2011. Free Mobile provides wireless services to 15.523 million subscribers as of March 2025. History 3G license (900 MHz and 2100 MHz) The first 3G licenses were awarded to France Telecom (now Orange) in 2000, SFR in 2000 and Bouygues Telecom in 2002. Free Mobile application has been agreed by French regulatory authority ARCEP on 17 December 2009. The license price is 240 million euros for two 5 MHz duplex bands in the 900 MHz and 2100 MHz frequency bands. Roaming agreement Free Mobile signed a 2G and 3G roaming agreement with Orange on 3 March 2011. It was initially set to run until 31 December 2020. It was extended for 2 more years, up to 31 December 2022, on 28 Octo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bouygues Telecom
Bouygues Telecom S.A. () is a French mobile phone, Internet service provider and IPTV company, part of the Bouygues group. It is the third oldest mobile network operator in France, after Orange and SFR, and before Free Mobile, and provides 2G GSM, 3G UMTS, 4G LTE and 5G NR services. Its headquarters, designed by Arquitectonica and opened in 2011, is located at the border of Paris and Issy-les-Moulineaux near the River Seine. History Bouygues Telecom was authorised by the French government to build and operate France's third GSM mobile phone network on 4 December 1994, and commercially launched its network on 30 May 1996. To compensate for its initial weaker coverage in comparison to Orange and SFR, Bouygues Telecom developed several innovations: * heavy use of the 1800 MHz frequency band, which is more efficient in urban areas; * the marketing of the first combo packages in May 1996; * the launch of France's first SMS service in 1996, initially only between it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
